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The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of CaO-BaO-Al 2 O 3 -based mold fluxes in which SiO 2 had been replaced by Na 2 O were investigated, using an infrared furnace combined with digital microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. The initial crystallization temperatures, crystalline phases generated at different cooling rates, crystallization rates, Ozawa indices N O (as determined using Mo's equation) and effective crystallization activation energies (as determined using the Friedman equation) were evaluated. The initial crystallization temperature increased along with the Na 2 O content in the flux. In addition, the precipitation of CaF 2 crystals was inhibited while the growth of CaAl 2 O 4 crystals was enhanced at Na 2 O concentrations over 4 wt%. Increasing the cooling rate inhibited the precipitation of MgAl 6 O 10 , and of CaSiO 3 , MgAl 2 SiO 6 and NaAlSi 3 O 8 , respectively, in fluxes containing 0, 4 and 8 wt% Na 2 O (NS1, NS2 and NS3 samples). The peak instantaneous and average crystallization rates in these specimens were increased as the Na 2 O level was raised, as a direct result of changes in their N O values. The NS1 flux consistently had the lowest N O value, while the NS2 had the largest value in the primary stage of crystallization but the central value in the secondary stage, and the N O values of the NS3 flux exhibited the opposite trend. The effective crystallization activation energies decreased with increasing Na 2 O levels, and this was evidently an important factor affecting the initial crystallization temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A comprehensive comparison study of the UV–visible photoresponse properties of non-aligned carbothermal ZnO nanowires (ZNWs) composited with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is presented. The RGO/ZNWs composites (GZWs) and SWCNTs/ZNWs composites (CZWs) have been successfully synthetized through UV-assisted photochemical reduction of GO in ZNWs suspension and ultrasonic stirring technology, respectively. The optimal contents of RGO and SWCNTs incorporated into ZNWs were determined for achieving maximum photoresponse, respectively. Experimentally, the optimal GZWs and CZWs exhibit significant enhancement in photoelectric properties than pure ZNWs. It is demonstrated that the GZWs-based photodetector has higher photoresponsivity (∼16 AW-1) than CZWs-based photodetector under low UV irradiation (<10 μWcm−2) and at 1.0 V bias, while the CZWs-based photodetector has higher on/off current ratio (8.41 × 104) and faster response time (1.99 s of rise-time and 0.39 s of decay-time) than GZWs-based one. The detail physics mechanism on the effects of RGO and SWCNTs on photoelectric characteristics of ZNWs is presented with the interface charge transfer due to the chemisorption and photo-desorption of oxygen. Graphical abstract Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imitating the painting style of one caricature source is an interesting and important application. It requires to capture the caricature style from one reference image, and generate target caricature image with similar style representation based on one source photo. Recently, image-to-image translation is a proven and potential framework for photo-to-caricature task. However, it still suffers from three drawbacks: (1) annotating aligned photo-to-caricature pairs is expensive and time-consuming; (2) the photo-to-caricature requires to capture and exaggerate the high-level semantic representations; and (3) the multiple painting styles increase the translation difficulty. To tackle these issues, we propose an innovative representation-guided photo-to-caricature translation framework based on unpaired images. The representation-guided scheme is designed to transfer the selected caricature style. To improve image synthesis quality, we introduce one feature-pyramid adversarial network (FPAN) to provide multiple feature-level constrains. The comprehensive experiments on various caricature datasets show excellent imitation capabilities of the proposed method. [Display omitted] • We present an unpaired representation-guided framework for photo-to-caricature translation. • We include a feature-pyramid adversarial training architecture to improve the translation quality. • We create an additional information flow to improve the generator efficiency. The additional interaction offers clues to the generator and helps the generator distinguish the specific content and domain style latent codes more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]