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The conventional method for synthesizing Ti 2 SC depends on the reaction between TiS and TiC, which requires the utilization of costly Ti, TiC, or TiS 2 powders. Utilizing TiO 2 as the raw material for the synthesis of Ti 2 SC enables the cost-effective preparation of this compound. However, the optimization of the TiO 2 /C/X n S m (sulfides) system is of utmost importance when aiming to synthesize Ti 2 SC through carbothermal-sulfurization of TiO 2 , as the formation temperature of TiS and TiC greatly depends on the X n S m. In this study, the identification of the thermodynamically dominant region for the formation of TiS and TiC in the TiO 2 /C/X n S m systems was conducted by utilizing various sulfides (63 types). Considering factors such as the challenges associated with removing by-products, accessibility, and toxicity, FeS 2 was ultimately chosen as a highly promising candidate. Thanks to the low melting point of FeS 2 , Ti 3 O 5 , the preliminary carbothermal reduction product of TiO 2 , has achieved rapid-deep deoxidation and phase reconstruction processes in the molten phase. Meanwhile, unlike the conventional solid-solid sintering reaction, which often results in residual reactants that are challenging to eliminate. This novel one-step phase transformation process that occurs in the molten phase exhibits minimal impurity phases, apart from the by-product Fe. Ti 2 SC with a purity greater than 99 wt% was obtained when the TiO 2 /C/FeS 2 was pickled to remove Fe after sintering at 1600 °C for 5 min. This work will provide the theoretical basis and a new path for the low-cost preparation of sulfur-containing MAX phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are important in active tumor-targeting therapy. However, improving the efficiency of payload delivery to tumors without affecting the tumor-targeting ability of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) structure remains a challenge. In this study, a Fab-nondestructive ADC loaded with maytansine (DM1) (T-NPLG-DM1 35) was prepared with drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of up to 35 by utilizing the carboxyl groups on the side-chain of poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLG) as the payload binding sites. The use of the Fc-III-4C peptide and the preparation condition of aqueous environment were conducive to avoiding the impact of the Fab structure of monoclonal antibodies on tumor-targeting capability. T-NPLG-DM1 35 was recognized and rapidly internalized by HER2-expressing SKBR-3 tumor cells, with a 3.8-fold increase in accumulation compared to that of the non-tumor-targeting IgG-NPLG-DM1 35. T-NPLG-DM1 35 also showed excellent tumor inhibition and its therapeutic effect improved as the DAR increased. The successful development of T-NPLG-DM1 35 demonstrates the potential of this approach for future ADC design and development. [Display omitted] • T-NPLG-DM1 35 has a high drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of up to 35, 10-fold higher than that of marketed T-DM1. • T-NPLG-DM1 35 was prepared using only the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of trastuzumab. • T-NPLG-DM1 35 was quickly obtained by stirring in water for 2 h without using organic solvent. • T-NPLG-DM1 35 showed excellent tumor inhibition, and the therapeutic effect improved as the DAR increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in A Gd(MoO 4) 2 compounds with A = Li, Na and K were investigated in detail. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results suggest that all the A Gd(MoO 4) 2 compounds are single phased. The LiGd(MoO 4) 2 and NaGd(MoO 4) 2 crystallize in the tetragonal structure, whereas the KGd(MoO 4) 2 crystallizes in a triclinic structure. All compounds are composed of numerous irregular small particles and the corresponding constituent elements are distributed uniformly. Additionally, all compounds exhibit pronounced MCE at cryogenic temperatures. The maximum magnetic entropy change − Δ S M max values of the A Gd(MoO 4) 2 series compounds reach 33.6, 36.4 and 32.4 J/kg K @ 2.5 K with the Δ H of 0–7 T for A = Li, Na and K, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uniform dispersion of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and strong interfacial bonding with epoxy matrix are crucial for Fe 3 O 4 /epoxy composite with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Cube pure Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (PF NPs) by poly (dopamine) (PDA) coated and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) grafted (PAF NPs) are successfully prepared via co-precipitation and seed polymerization method with an aim to enhance the dispersion and interfacial bonding with the epoxy matrix. The tensile strength of PAF/epoxy (1 wt%) increases from 57.8 MPa to 65.5 MPa (a rise scope of almost 13.3%) compared to pure epoxy. The thermal stabilities of PAF/epoxy composites with various PAF contents (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%) are higher than that of pure epoxy. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of PAF/epoxy increases from 0.125 to 0.7 emu/g with PAF loading contents increasing from 0.5 to 3 wt%. The results suggest that dispersion and interfacial bonding of nanoparticles make a pivotal contribution to the enhanced performances of composites. Image 1 • APTES grafted poly (dopamine)@Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and their epoxy composites were fabricated. • Improved the dispersion of PAF and interfacial bonding with the epoxy matrix were achieved. • Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of PAF/epoxy composites were realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and critical behavior in the RE PtMg (RE = Tb, Dy and Ho) intermetallic compounds around Curie temperatures T C were investigated by magnetization measurements. All the RE PtMg compounds exhibit pronounced MCE performance with the maximum magnetic entropy change (− Δ S M max ) values up to 5.1, 7.2, 10.2 J/kg K under the magnetic field change (Δ H) of 0–5 T around T C of 58, 29, and 20 K for RE = Tb, Dy and Ho, respectively. The reasonable and accurate critical exponents for the present RE PtMg series compounds for RE = Tb, Dy and Ho obtained by the Δ H dependence of Δ S M method are evaluated to be β = 0.4691, 0.4681, 0.4141, γ = 1.0412, 1.0482, 1.1067 and δ = 3.2196, 3.2393, 3.6728 around T C , which are verified by the Widom scaling law and scaling equations, respectively. • The magnetocaloric property in RE PtMg (RE = Tb, Dy and Ho) was studied. • A considerable reversible MCE was observed for all compounds. • The critical behavior in RE PtMg (RE = Tb, Dy and Ho) were studied. • The obtained critical exponents obey the Mean-field model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In China, the high-oleic acid rapeseed has an oil content of ∼42% and oleic acid (18:1) content of ∼80%. Compared to ordinary rapeseed, high-oleic acid rapeseed has higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and thus is of high nutritional and health value. In addition, high-oleic acid rapeseed oil imparts cardiovascular protective effects. Based on these properties, high-oleic acid oil crops have been extensively investigated and cultivated. We previously identified a CCCH-type transcription factor (BnZFP1, GenBank accession number XM_013796508) that is associated with high oleic acid traits from a Brassica napus subtractive hybridization library. In the present study, we overexpressed and silenced the BnZFP1 gene of B. napus. BnZFP1 -overexpressing plants exhibited an 18.8% increase in oleic acid levels and a 3.8% increase in oil content. However, BNZFP1 -silenced plants showed a 4.5% decrease in oleic acid levels, whereas no significant change in oil content was observed. Microarray and pull-down assays indicated that BnZFP1 has a total of thirty potential target genes. Further analysis and validation of one of the potential target genes, namely, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 (DGAT1) gene, indicated that it is positively regulated by BnZFP1. We also observed a correlation between elevated DGAT1 gene expression levels and higher oil content and oleic acid levels in rapeseed. Highlights • BnZFP1 -overexpressing plants exhibited an 18.8% increase in oleic acid levels and a 3.8% increase in oil content. • BNZFP1 -silenced plants exhibited a 4.5% decrease in oleic acid levels. • Pull-down assays and microarray studies have shown that DGAT1-1 is a candidate target gene of transcription factor BnZFP1. • BnZFP1 overexpression enhances the positive regulation of the transcription factor BnZFP1 on the DGAT1-1 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric properties of ternary intermetallic RE 5 Ni 2 In 4 ( RE  = Dy, Ho and Er) compounds are investigated. The results of XRD and Rietveld refinement confirm that all the samples crystallized in the orthorhombic Lu 5 Ni 2 In 4 -type structure belonging to the space group of Pbam . The RE 5 Ni 2 In 4 compounds show various magnetic phase transition behaviors, i.e. a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition at T C  = 105 K together with an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic (AFM-FM) at low temperature T N  = 20 K for the Dy 5 Ni 2 In 4 , the Ho 5 Ni 2 In 4 reveals two different kinds of phase transitions at T N  = 31 K and T C  = 19 K which are corresponding to the second order PM-AFM and the first order AFM-FM phase transitions, and a PM-FM phase transition exists in the Er 5 Ni 2 In 4 at T C  = 21 K. In addition, a large hysteresis loop with particular shape and a high coercive field ( H C  = 4 T) are observed at 3 K for the Dy 5 Ni 2 In 4 compound. The corresponding isothermal magnetization curves change into the state of reversibility when the temperature is 60 K, and the coercivity is reduced to zero. The maximum values of − Δ S M max are determined to be 4.7, 10.1 and 10.2 J/kg K around T C for the RE 5 Ni 2 In 4 ( RE  = Dy, Ho and Er) compounds in a field of 7 T, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WRKY transcription factors have been studied in a wide range of plant species, but have remained largely uncharacterized in legumes. To obtain insight into the functions of WRKY in legumes, we isolated and characterized one WRKY family member from Medicago truncatula , MtWRKY76 , which belongs to sub-group II. Expression analysis showed that MtWRKY76 was rapidly induced by abiotic stresses . MtWRKY76 overexpression markedly enhanced the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic M. truncatula and triggered abiotic inducible genes. MtWRKY76 was located in the nucleus and interacted with Medtr1g098680.1 that was deduced as ASR protein, which acted as a component of a transcription-regulating complex involved in abiotic stress signalling pathways. Interestingly, MtWRKY76 was found to be involved in regulated abiotic pathways via Solexa/Illumina digital gene expression (DGE) analysis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MtWRKY76 was a multifunctional abiotic stress response gene in M. truncatula . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The fluorinated block copolymer is prepared by ATRP. [•] The copolymers are used as sole co-stabilizer in the miniemulsion polymerization. [•] The fluorine content in copolymer has effect on the process of miniemulsion. [•] The final latex films show the better surface hydrophobicity. [•] The nucleation mechanism of miniemulsion polymerization is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid nanocrystals of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and bismuth tungstate (Bi 2 WO 6) (CdS@Bi 2 WO 6) were well-prepared in the nanoreactors of Bi 2 WO 6 -contained sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) latex particles, by means of cadmium sulfate/sodium sulfide (CdSO 4 /Na 2 S) solutions absorption and solvothermal treatment. The influences of CdSO 4 /Na 2 S millimolar ratio on structure and photocatalytic performance of hybrid nanocrystals were investigated. With 3:1 of Cd2+/S2- millimolar ratio in feeding, CdS nanorods on the surface of Bi 2 WO 6 cluster were obtained and its length increased after solvothermal treating; the resultant CdS@Bi 2 WO 6 degraded 96.1% of RhB after illuminating for 120 min, which was more effective than others. With the 1:2 or 1:3 of Cd2+/S2- millimolar ratio, the solvothermal treated cubic-CdS were agglomerated to cluster which attached on the surface of Bi 2 WO 6 cluster, and the agglomerates size increased accordingly. The photocatalytic mechanism suggests that the superoxide ions and holes were the active species produced by CdS@Bi 2 WO 6 in the photocatalytic process. The grown CdS nanorods on the surface of Bi 2 WO 6 had better charge separation ability than the grown CdS clusters on the surface of Bi 2 WO 6. The CdS@Bi 2 WO 6 hybrid nanocrystal with the definite-designed structure will possess the excellent photocatalytic performance. • CdS@Bi 2 WO 6 are prepared in PAANa nanoreactor. • Absorption process influences on CdS@Bi 2 WO 6 structure. • CdS nanorods is on the surface of Bi 2 WO 6 cluster. • CdS@Bi 2 WO 6 degrades 96.1% of RhB. • Combined process provides an innovating photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported here is a systematical investigation on the crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric (MC) effect of three rare earth (RE) molybdate RE 2 MoO 6 (RE = Dy, Tb and Gd) oxides. The X-ray powder diffraction and the morphology as examined using the scanning electron microscope indicate phase-pure and polycrystalline nature of these oxides. The temperature (2–100 K) and magnetic field (up to 5 T) dependence of the magnetic measurements determine the magnetic phase transition (MPT) and MC properties. All the present RE 2 MoO 6 oxides crystallize in a monoclinic structure belonging to C 2/ c space group with the antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature. Moreover, the RE 2 MoO 6 oxides hold reasonable values of MC parameters including the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change/temperature-averaged entropy change (2 K lift) and relative cooling power values have been evaluated with the magnetic change of 0–5 T, yielding 17.22 (17.08) J/kgK and 277.67 J/kg for Dy 2 MoO 6 , 17.03 (16.83) J/kgK and 261.12 J/kg for Tb 2 MoO 6 , as well as 27.68 (26.69) J/kgK and 228.14 J/kg for Gd 2 MoO 6 , respectively. These acceptable MC parameters make the present RE 2 MoO 6 oxides potential candidates for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration (MR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic cooling (MC) by utilizing the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been considered as one of the most potential promising solid state alternative method to present well-used state-of-the-art gas compression cooling technique. In this work, the rare earth (RE)-rich indides Gd 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , Tb 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , Dy 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 and Ho 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 were fabricated and checked with respect to their crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric performances. All the RE 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 samples are crystallized with the orthorhombic Ho 6 Co 2 Ga-type structure and ordered magnetically. Considerable cryogenic magnetocaloric performances have been found. Around the magnetic transition temperatures of 76, 32, 50 and 18 K for Gd 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , Tb 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , Dy 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 and Ho 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , the magnetic entropy change (Δ S M) peak values with a magnetic change (Δ H) equals to 0–70 kOe and the corresponding temperature averaged Δ S M (with 3 K-lift) are 11.84 and 11.82 J/kg-K, 8.96 and 8.80 J/kg-K, 9.59 and 9.54 J/kg-K, 20.83 and 20.38 J/kg-K for Gd 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , Tb 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , Dy 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 and Ho 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 , respectively. • The RE 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) compounds are fabricated. • Magnetic properties and MCE in RE 6 Co 2.2 In 0.8 compounds were studied. • Considerable MCE parameters were observed at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layer-like RE 11 Ni 4 In 9 (RE = Gd, Dy and Ho) intermetallic compounds were successfully fabricated and systematically investigated concerning crystal structure, magnetic phase transitions and magnetocaloric effect (MCE). The RE 11 Ni 4 In 9 compounds crystallize in layer-like orthorhombic crystal structure (Cmmm space group) which is composed of CsCl-type and AlB 2 -type units with the ratio of 9 : 2. The RE 11 Ni 4 In 9 compounds present multiple magnetic phase transitions at low temperature. Except for the phase transition at low temperature region, the major phase transitions of the present series compounds are of second-ordered phase transitions (SOPTs). Around the magnetic phase transition temperatures at 91, 18 and 13.5 K for Gd 11 Ni 4 In 9 , Dy 11 Ni 4 In 9 and Ho 11 Ni 4 In 9 compounds, the values of peak magnetic entropy change (− Δ S M max) with magnetic flux density change Δ H = 0–7 T and the temperature averaged magnetic entropy change with 3 K lift are 3.58 and 3.55 J/kg-K, 6.02 and 5.94 J/kg-K, as well as 12.44 and 12.25 J/kg-K for Gd 11 Ni 4 In 9 , Dy 11 Ni 4 In 9 and Ho 11 Ni 4 In 9 compounds, respectively. The corresponding relative cooling power (refrigerant capacity) values are 269.0 (206.4), 194.9 (144.7), and 353.0 (269.2) J/kg, respectively. • The RE 11 Ni 4 In 9 (RE = Gd, Dy and Ho) intermetallic compounds are fabricated. • Magnetic properties and MCE in RE 11 Ni 4 In 9 amorphous ribbon were studied. • Considerable MCE parameters were observed at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The europium-based intermetallic compounds EuAgZn, EuAgCd, EuPtZn and EuAuCd were synthesized and their magnetic properties and magnetocaloric performances were systematically studied. EuAgZn and EuAgCd compounds crystallize in a KHg 2 -type structure belonging to space group Imma , whereas EuPtZn and EuAuCd crystallize in a TiNiSi-type structure belonging to space group Pnma. The four compounds contain stable divalent europium and order ferromagnetically with Curie temperatures of T C ~29, 27, 20 and 22 K for EuAgZn, EuAgCd, EuPtZn and EuAuCd, respectively. A considerable tunable reversible MCE can be observed accompanied by a second-order magnetic transition. For the field change of 0–2 and 0–5 T, the − Δ S Μ max values are evaluated to be 7.7, 7.2, 8.2, 8.0 and 14.9, 13.5, 15.3, 13.7 J/kgK for EuAgZn, EuAgCd, EuPtZn and EuAuCd, respectively. • Four Eu-based equiatomic intermetallic compounds were synthesized. • Magnetism and MCE in EuAgZn, EuAgCd, EuPtZn and EuAuCd were studied. • All the compounds exhibit large MCE at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Polycrystalline double perovskite Y 2 CoMnO 6 oxides ceramics sintered at four different temperatures from 1000 °C to 1300 °C have been fabricated by conventional sol-gel method. All the Y 2 CoMnO 6 compounds are single phase with monoclinic structure (P 21 /n space group). The mean grain size grows significantly large and the shape becomes regular obviously with increasing sintering temperature. The effect of sintering temperature on magnetic properties of Y 2 CoMnO 6 compounds has been studied in detail. We found that the oxygen vacancies are introduced by sintering at high temperature has a certain influence on the magnetic properties. Moreover, the magnetic entropy changes (-∆ S M) as well as relative cooling power (RCP) in the double perovskite Y 2 CoMnO 6 oxides ceramics around paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kaolinite-serine intercalation compound was synthesized via the guest displacement method. Serine molecules were intercalated into kaolinite to form kaolinite-serine through exchange between serine and the guest molecules ethylene glycol or water, which was inserted into the interlayer space of kaolinite beforehand. The thickness of kaolinite-serine particles decreased to 14 nm from 30 nm of raw kaolinite after intercalation. The interlayer distance of kaolinite reached approximately 1.13 nm after the intercalation of serine molecules. The serine molecules inserted in the interlayer space of kaolinite molecules were arranged in a flattened monolayer configuration and partially compressed into the tetragonal holes in the silicate layer. The activation energy Ea for releasing the pre-intercalated molecule before ultimate exchanging with serine determines the intercalation degree of serine into kaolinite. Higher Ea makes the expansion of kaolinite with pre-intercalated molecules more stable, which will facilitate the final intercalation of serine. The activation energy is 6.95 kJ/mol for ethylene glycol and 21.2 kJ/mol for water, respectively, resulting in serine intercalation degree of 45%, and 85% correspondingly. The kaolinite-serine intercalation compound is expected to be applied in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold stress is the main factor underlying the reduction in productivity of Medicago . Medicago falcata and Medicago truncatula are two subspecies of Medicago , whose geographic adaption is limited by water, salinity and temperature. However, the regulatory signaling pathway under cold stress in Medicago is unclear. In this study, we identified a gene, MfNAC3 , induced under salt, drought and cold stress. By generating the overexpression lines of MfNAC3 , we observed a typical cold-resistant phenotype under both cold-acclimated and non-acclimated conditions, featured by an increased survival rate and significantly higher expression levels of the cold-responsive genes MtCBFs and MtCASs . Further investigations revealed that this gene encodes a NAC-type transcriptional factor that is localized in the nucleus and exhibits transcription activity. By performing an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we found that MfNAC3 could bind to the CATGTG and CACG motifs in the promoter region of MtCBF4 . Taken together, our results demonstrate that MfNAC3 exerts a positive role in cold response and provide evidence that MfNAC3 is a positive regulator of MtCBF4 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the rare earths (RE) based magnetic materials with various promising functional characterizations are playing particularly important roles in present modern society and daily life. The magnetocaloric (MC) effect which is the basis of solid state magnetic refrigeration (MR) technology has been extensively investigated in various magnetic materials. In this work, a series of high quality RE -based RE 2 BaZnO 5 (RE = Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) compounds have been fabricated and a combination of theoretical and experimental investigation has been performed in terms of the crystal structure, electronic structure, magnetic properties and magnetic phase transition (MPT) as well as the MC effects and MC performance. All the RE 2 BaZnO 5 compounds are confirmed to crystallize in the orthorhombic structure belonging to Pnma space group and with a typical semi-conductor characteristic. Based on the magnetization measurements and the first principle calculations, all the RE 2 BaZnO 5 compounds are ordering magnetically below 3 K and the ground state is of a ferromagnetic (FM) ordering for RE = Dy or Ho, whereas is of an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering for RE = Gd or Er, respectively. Additionally, considerable MC effects have been observed for all the RE 2 BaZnO 5 compounds which are related to the first ordered MPT for RE = Gd or Er, whereas related to the second order MPT for RE = Dy or Ho, respectively. Moreover, considerable MC effects and promising MC performance have been realized in the present RE 2 BaZnO 5 compounds, especially for the Dy 2 BaZnO 5 and Ho 2 BaZnO 5 , making them considerable for cryogenic MR applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare-earths (RE) based materials with large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) have been recently recognized as potential candidates for practical solid-state magnetic refrigeration. In this work, the two light RE -based ternary RE Cu 2 Si 2 (RE = Nd and Pr) compounds were fabricated by arc-melting method and investigated the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties. Both RE Cu 2 Si 2 compounds are found to crystallize in a ThCr 2 Si 2 -type layered crystal structure with the I 4/ mmm space group and undergo a field-induced first-ordered magnetic transition (MT) around 13.6 and 3.5 K for NdCu 2 Si 2 and PrCu 2 Si 2 , respectively. Large reversible MCE has been observed in both RE Cu 2 Si 2 compounds, and the magnetocaloric parameters of the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M max) and relative cooling power (RCP) with the magnetic field change (Δ H) of 0–7 T are determined to be 5.9 J/kg-K and 82.6 J/kg for NdCu 2 Si 2 compound and to be 8.0 J/kg-K and 67.2 J/kg for PrCu 2 Si 2 compound, respectively. • The ternary RE Cu 2 Si 2 (RE = Nd and Pr) compounds are synthesized. • Cryogenic magnetic properties in RE Cu 2 Si 2 were studied. • The magnetocaloric parameters in RE Cu 2 Si 2 compounds were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic refrigeration (MR) technology by utilizing the magnetocaloric (MC) effects of magnetic solids have been realized to be a promising energy efficiency and environmentally friendly technology. Developing or discovering proper magnetic solids with promising MC performances is one of the most important tasks at present stage since a huge gap still exists between the requirement of practical MR application and the MC performances of the magnetic solids. Herein, we reported a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the crystal structure together with the magnetic properties, magnetic phase transition (MPT) and MC performances in Gd 2 MgTiO 6 oxide. The Gd 2 MgTiO 6 is confirmed to crystalize in a B -site ordered monoclinic double perovskite (DP) crystal structure. A rather unstable antiferromagnetic (AFM) interaction with large magnetic moment and semi-conductor characteristic with the band gap of 2.977 eV have been confirmed in Gd 2 TiMgO 6 DP oxide at ground state. Giant reversible cryogenic MC effect together with excellent MC performances have been confirmed by a series of the figure of merits including the values of maximum magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M) and refrigerant capacity (RC), which are evaluated to be 46.21 J/kgK and 300.27 J/kg around 3.3 K with the magnetic change of 0–7 T, these values are much better than most of the recently reported famous cryogenic MC materials and the commercialized magnetic refrigerants gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) as well. The observed excellent MC performances suggest that Gd 2 TiMgO 6 DP oxide is a promising candidate material for cryogenic MR applications. Graphical abstract [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is a thermodynamic response of the coupling effect between the magnetic sub-lattice(s) with applied magnetic fields, which is strongly correlated with the corresponding magnetic transition. In this work, the magnetic properties, magnetic phase transition, MCE and critical behavior of the paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition in double perovskite RE 2 CrMnO 6 (RE = La, Pr, and Nd) compounds are investigated. The double perovskite compounds reveal a second-ordered magnetic phase transition around T C of 112, 93, and 80 K for RE of La, Pr, and Nd, respectively. The corresponding values of peak magnetic entropy change (- ΔS M max) around T C are 1.31, 1.86, and 2.23 J kg−1K−1 under the ΔH of 0–7 T. Moreover, the critical exponent study was conducted to probe the nature of critical behavior around the PM to FM transition by the modified Arrott plot (MAP), Kouvel-Fisher (K–F), ΔH dependence of - ΔS M max, and universal scaling hypothesis methods. The evaluated reliable critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) data for RE 2 CrMnO 6 (RE = La, Pr, and Nd) follows the mean-field theory model, proving the existence of long-range FM orders in these double-perovskite oxide compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ activated GdOCl red-emitting phosphors were investigated. All the GdOCl: x Eu3+ (x = 0–0.125) phosphors are crystallized in the tetragonal PbFCl-type structure (P 4 / nmm space group). Under the 289 nm excitation, all the phosphors show bright red emissions which are originated from the 5D 0 → 7F J (0 ≤ J ≤ 4) transitions of Eu3+. The GdOCl:0.075Eu3+ phosphor presents the strongest emission intensity, and concentration quenching phenomenon dominated by the nearest-neighbor ions interaction appears as x exceeds 0.075. The color purity and quantum efficiency (under 289 nm excitation) for GdOCl:0.075Eu3+ phosphor reach 92% and 68.7%, respectively, which are comparable or even better than some of the commercialized red-emitting phosphors. Furthermore, the emission intensity at 423 K reaches ~56.1% of that at 303 K for GdOCl:0.075Eu3+ phosphor, such good thermal stability is due to the relative high activation energy (0.18 eV). The present results indicate that the GdOCl:0.075Eu3+ phosphor is a competitive candidate for white light-emitting diodes applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most potent active tumor-targeting agents used clinically. However, the preparation of ADCs with high drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs) remains a major challenge. Herein, a Fab-nondestructive SN38-loaded antibody-polymeric-drug conjugate (APDC), aPDL1-NPLG-SN38, was prepared that had a DAR as high as 72 for the first time, by increased numbers of payload binding sites via the carboxyl groups of poly (l -glutamic acid) (PLG). The bonding of Fc-III-4C peptide with PLG- graft -mPEG/SN38 (Fc-NPLG-SN38) was achieved using a click reaction between azide and DBCO groups. The aPDL1-NPLG-SN38 conjugate was then synthesized by the high-affinity interaction between the Fc-III-4C peptide in Fc-NPLG-SN38 and the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of PDL1 monoclonal antibody (aPDL1). This approach avoided the potential deleterious effects on the Fab structure of the monoclonal antibody. The aqueous environment used in its preparation helped maintain monoclonal antibody recognition capability. Through the specific recognition by aPDL1 of PDL1 that is highly expressed on MC38 tumors, the accumulation of aPDL1-NPLG-SN38 in the tumors was 2.8-fold greater than achieved with IgG-NPLG-SN38 that had no active tumor-targeting capability. aPDL1-NPLG-SN38 exhibited excellent therapeutic properties in both medium-sized and large MC38 tumor animal models. The present study provides the details of a novel preparation strategy for SN38-loaded ADCs having a high DAR. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique natural advantages of polysaccharide materials have attracted attention in biomedical applications. The abundant modifiable functional groups on the polysaccharide materials surface can facilitate the synthesis of various multifunctional drug delivery carriers. Especially in tumor therapy, the designs of polysaccharide-based drug delivery carriers are diverse. Therefore, this review summarized several latest types of polysaccharide-based drug carriers designs, and focused on the latest design strategies and considerations of drug carriers with polysaccharides as the main structure. It is expected to provide some design ideas and inspiration for subsequent polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems. Design and consideration of polysaccharide-based drug delivery system. [Display omitted] • The strategies and considerations for polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems. • The advantages and limitations of polysaccharides as delivery carrier. • The design ideas of polysaccharide materials as drug delivery carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, non-conjugated materials with fluorescence emission characteristics have attracted much attention due to their promising application in different fields. However, most traditional materials require complex organic synthesis and even has toxicity. Here, we report a non-conjugated biomass material, agarose (Aga), which hardly has any fluorescent emission in dilute solution, but can emit strong fluorescence when its aggregates formed. In addition, we have observed room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of Aga powders, which is also unusual in pure organic nonaromatic materials. The fluorescent emission of Aga could be illustrated by the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism, namely, the accumulation of untraditional chromophores with π and n electrons and the subsequent overlap of electron clouds play a crucial role in luminescence. At the same time, Aga can be employed as a fluorescent probe for multi-channel imaging. Moreover, Aga solution exhibits a sensitive quenching effect on Fe3+, thus, it can be used as a biosensor for detecting the concentration of Fe3+. These Results all shown that Aga can be used as a novel AIE material and will have broad application fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]