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• An up-to-date overview of patterns of injuries caused by RTAs in southwest China. • Head injury still occupied the highest proportion among the injuries and deaths. • It's urgently needed to develop a more reliable brain injury evaluation criterion. • Emergency care to head injury at the scene is effective to reduce traffic fatality. Background : The objective of this study is to provide an up-to-date overview of the patterns of injuries, especially traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by RTAs and to discuss some of the public health consequences. Methods : A scientific team was established to collect road traffic accidents occurring between 2013 and 2018 in Chongqing, Southwest China. For each accident, the environment-, vehicle-, and person- variables were analyzed and determined. The overall injury distribution and TBI patterns of four types of road users (driver, passenger, motorcyclist and pedestrian) were compared. The environmental and time distribution of accidents with TBI were shown by bar and pie chart. The risks of severe brain injury whether motorcyclist wearing helmets or not were compared and the risk factors of severe TBI in pedestrian were determined by odds ratio analysis. Results : This study enrolled 2131 accidents with 2741 persons of all kind of traffic participants, 1149 of them suffered AIS1+ head injury and 1598(58%) died in 7 days. The most common cause of deaths is due to head injury with 714(85%) and 1266(79%) persons died within 2 hours. Among 423 persons suffered both skull fracture and intracranial injury, 102 (24.1%) have an intracranial injury but no skull fractures, while none of the skull fractures without intracranial injury was found. Besides, motorcyclists without a helmet were at higher risks for all the brain injury categories. The risk of pedestrian suffering severe TBI at an impact speed of more than 70 km/h is 100 times higher than that with an impact speed of less than 40 km/h. Conclusion : It is urgently needed to develop a more reliable brain injury evaluation criterion for better protection of the road users. We believe that strengthening the emergency care to head injury at the scene is the most effective way to reduce traffic fatality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction mechanism of non-aqueous Li-O 2 batteries is based on the deposition and decomposition of Li 2 O 2. The polarization of Li-O 2 batteries can be rapidly increased by operation under a high rate condition, resulting in the early capacity fade of the cells. Therefore, a well-designed catalyst with a unique structure and excellent catalytic ability is an important way to boost the round-trip performance of Li-O 2 batteries, especially under high current density. In this work, a unique nanoflower structure assembled with Co 3 O 4 nanosheets is synthesized by using 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) as a structural directing agent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectra reveal abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of the Co 3 O 4 nanoflower, which are beneficial for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions and long round-trip lifetime. Density functional theory results demonstrate that Co 3 O 4 catalyst with oxygen vacancies could promote the wetting of Li 2 O 2 on substrate and formation of a Li 2 O 2 nanofilm, thereby boosting the discharge capacity of Li-O 2 batteries. On account of the synergistic effect of abundant oxygen vacancies, the unique structure, and excellent oxygen evolution reaction, Co 3 O 4 nanoflower-based cells could deliver ultralong lifetime of 276 and 248 cycles with a discharge capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 under charge/discharge current densities of 0.5 A g−1 and 1 A g−1, respectively. This study has shed light on a new strategy for catalyst preparation for long lifetime Li-O 2 batteries. Image 1 • Unique nanoflower assembled by Co 3 O 4 nanosheets are prepared and served as cathode catalyst of Li-O 2 batteries. • Abundant oxygen vacancies exposed on the surface of Co-flower could enhance the ORR/OER processes. • DFT results demonstrate that Co 3 O 4 catalyst with oxygen vacancies could boost the discharge capacity of Li-O 2 batteries. • Co-flower provides excellent electrochemical catalytic performance and obtains best cycle-life performance of 276 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in advanced oxidation technology is hindered by the low Fe(II)→Fe(III)→Fe(II) cycle efficiency. Herein, we report a Fe(II)/decahedral monoclinic BiVO 4 composite photocatalyst with a highly exposed (010) facet prepared by a hydrothermal method combined with a wet impregnation strategy. The numerous photogenerated electrons on the (010) facet promote the cycling of Fe(II)→Fe(III)→Fe(II) process, thereby significantly enhancing the PMS activation rate. The charge transfer mode of 1% Fe(II)/BiVO 4 was inferred from in situ X-ray photoelectron spectra. The composite catalyst exhibits significantly higher activity (96.7%) than the pristine BiVO 4 without facet regulation (56%). Controlling the crystal facets can effectively separate the photogenerated carriers of BiVO 4 ; the photogenerated electrons catalyze the cyclic transformation of Fe(III)/Fe(II) to efficiently activate PMS and degrade antibiotics. This work confirms the synergistic effect of facet engineering and the photocatalytic PMS activation system and provides a new perspective for the degradation of antibiotics. [Display omitted] • Fe(II)/highly exposed (010) facet BiVO 4 photocatalyst is successfully prepared. • The degradation rate of tetracycline achieves 96.7% in 30 min under visible light. • The selectively loading Fe(II) on the (010) reduction facet of BiVO 4. • The formation of Fe(II).→Fe(III)→Fe(II) redox cycle in the reaction system. • It continuously activates PMS to produce strong oxidation ability active radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A sensitive and reliable method was developed and validated for the analysis of ractopamine in swine tissues. The sample preparation procedure was based on hydrolysis overnight, extraction with ethyl acetate, and solid-phase extraction cleanup. The target compound was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The average recoveries ranged between 93.3% and 106.5%, with relative standard deviations of 7.2–12.8%. The detection and quantification limits were 0.2 and 0.5μg/kg, respectively. The depletion profile of ractopamine was studied in healthy pigs after oral administration of feed containing 20mg/kg ractopamine for 30 consecutive days. Ractopamine residues were still detected 11days post-medication in all tissues examined with the exception of muscle. The highest ractopamine level was found in lung tissue. The developed method has been successfully applied to the depletion study of ractopamine in swine tissues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]