Search

The precision of boring machine tool is significantly compromised by the thermal deviation inherent in the high-speed spindle-bearing assembly. Conventionally, the internal heat of this system is mitigated by using heat pipes. However, the heat dissipation capacity of these pipes does not suffice in reducing the thermal deviation to acceptable levels. The sintered-core heat pipe shows promise. In this research, a sintered-core heat pipe tailored to minimize thermal inaccuracies under rotational condition is pioneered. A gas-liquid phase transition model is devised for the sintered-core heat pipe under rotating working condition, providing a validation of heat dissipation efficacy and elucidating the phase change phenomena within the evaporation segment. Furthermore, the intricate relationship between convective coefficient and the design and operational parameters is determined through the response surface analysis and the variables with the most pronounced impact on the thermal performance of the sintered-core heat pipe are ascertained. Integrating the sintered-core rotating heat pipe into the shaft core of the spindle-bearing system has demonstrated remarkable proficiency in reduction of thermal distortion. Crucially, the thermal deformation of the shaft core with designed sintered-core heat pipe is reduced by over 95% compared to that of a core with an axial rotating heat pipe. • Concept of using SHP for heat dissipation and thermal error control is proposed. • For the first time, gas-liquid phase transition model is devised for designed SHP. • Effects of design and operating parameters on SHP performance are studied. • Parameters that have significant influence on SHP performance are identified. • Response surface model of SHP heat transfer performance is established. • SHP is more suitable than ARHP and RHP for heat dissipation and thermal error control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of organic pollution that can accumulate in crops and hazard human health. This study used phenanthrene (PHE) as a model PAH and employed hydroponic experiments to illustrate the role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the regulation of PHE accumulation in wheat roots. At optimal concentrations, wheat roots treated with PHE + IAA showed a 46.9% increase in PHE concentration, whereas treatment with PHE + P-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid resulted in a 38.77% reduction. Transcriptome analysis identified TaSAUR80-5A as the crucial gene for IAA-enhancing PHE uptake. IAA increases plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, promoting active transport of PHE via the PHE/H+ cotransport mechanism. These results provide not only the theoretical basis necessary to better understand the function of IAA in PAHs uptake and transport by staple crops, but also a strategy for controlling PAHs accumulation in staple crops and enhancing phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated environments. [Display omitted] • 100 μM of IAA is the optimum concentration for enhancing phenanthrene uptake. • IAA treatment leads to the up-regulation of 7 SAUR s. • The TaSAUR80-5A is the key gene for IAA-enhancing wheat root phenanthrene uptake. • Phenanthrene and IAA treatment significantly activates PM H+-ATPase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report evaluates the techniques and complications of microwave ablation of cystic renal cell carcinoma. Five patients with cystic renal cell carcinoma were treated with microwave ablation between October 2015 and June 2020. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate technique and complications. Technical success and primary technique efficacy both were 100%. There were no complications. Mean follow-up time was 18 months (range, 6-36 months). No local recurrence was identified during the follow-up period. Renal function remained stable at 1 month and the last follow-up. Percutaneous microwave ablation is promising for the nonsurgical management of cystic renal cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine effect of body mass index (BMI) on safety and cancer-related outcomes of thermal ablation for renal cell carcinoma (RRC).Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 427 patients (287 men and 140 women; mean [SD] age, 72 [12] y) who were treated with thermal ablation for RCC between October 2006 and December 2017. Patients were stratified by BMI into 3 categories: normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Of 427 patients, 71 (16%) were normal weight, 157 (37%) were overweight, and 199 (47%) were obese. Complication rates, local recurrence, and residual disease were compared in the 3 cohorts.Results: No differences in technical success between normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients were identified (P = .72). Primary technique efficacy rates for normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients were 91%, 94%, and 93% (P = .71). There was no significant difference in RCC specific-free survival, disease-free survival, and metastasis-free survival between obese, overweight, and normal-weight groups (P = .72, P = .43, P = .99). Complication rates between the 3 cohorts were similar (normal weight 4%, overweight 2%, obese 3%; P = .71).Conclusions: CT-guided renal ablation is safe, feasible, and effective regardless of BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the therapeutic and renal function outcomes of radiofrequency (RF) ablation, cryoablation, and microwave (MW) ablation for treatment of T1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Materials and Methods: A retrospective assessment of 297 patients (mean age 72 years range 24-90 years) with biopsy-proven RCC treated with image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation was performed between October 2006 and December 2016. Mean tumor size was 2.4 cm; mean radius, exophytic/endophytic properties, nearness of tumor to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, hilar tumor touching the main renal artery or vein, and location relative to polar lines; Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical; and c-centrality scores were 6.0, 7.0, and 2.8, respectively. Assessments of adverse events, treatment efficacy, and therapeutic outcomes were performed among RF ablation, cryoablation, and MW ablation. The 2-year disease-free, metastatic-free, and cancer-specific survival rates were tabulated. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was used to assess for treatment related changes in renal function.Results: A total of 297 T1aN0M0 biopsy-proven RCCs measuring 1.2-3.9 cm were treated with computed tomography-guided RF ablation (n = 244, 82%), cryoablation (n = 26, 9%), and MW ablation (n = 27, 9%). There were no significant differences in patient demographics among the 3 groups (P = .09). Technical success rates were similar among the 3 treatments (P = .33). Primary efficacy at 1 month postablation was more likely to be achieved with RF ablation and MW ablation than with cryoablation. At 2 years' follow-up, there was no local recurrence, metastatic progression, or RCC-related death observed in the 3 groups. There was no significant change in estimated glomerular filtration rate among the 3 ablation groups compared with baseline at 2-year follow-up (P = .71).Conclusion: RF ablation, cryoablation, and MW ablation are equivalent at 2 years for treatment of T1a RCC for therapeutic outcome, stability of renal function, and low adverse event rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess safety and renal-function outcomes after microwave (MW) ablation of localized stage T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 38 patients (28 men; mean age, 69 y; range, 51-88 y) who underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided MW ablation for stage T1N0M0 RCC. Baseline and follow-up renal function surrogates including creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were statistically compared. Peri- and postoperative complication rates, technical success, and treatment response were also assessed.Results: A total of 44 biopsy-proven stage T1N0M0 RCCs measuring 1.2-6.9 cm (mean, 2.5 cm) were treated, and renal function was measured 1 mo after treatment. Mean eGFRs were 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 1 month after ablation. At 1-year and last follow-ups, the means of difference were 3.3% (95% confidence interval, -4.4 to 4.3; P = .99) and 3.3% (95% confidence interval, -4.3 to 4.8; P = .91), respectively. The 2-years freedom from eGFR decrease to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 2% (P = .91). Among the 5 patients (13%) with preexisting stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) before ablation, there was no significant postablative onset of decline or CKD upstaging (P = .001). There were no major complications, and 5 patients (13%) had small asymptomatic perinephric hematomas (Society of Interventional Radiology minor complication, class A/B) that were managed conservatively.Conclusions: At 2-year follow-up, CT-guided percutaneous MW ablation is safe and well-tolerated and achieves nephron preservation similar to existing ablative modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) can record neuronal activities in different brain areas by placing strip or mesh electrodes on the surface of the brain. Benefiting from the high temporal and spatial resolution of iEEG signals, iEEG-based motor imagery has gained great attention, and made significant progress under the frameworks of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). However, both CNN- and RNN-based methods have limitations in perceiving the long-range global dependencies of local features in time and spatial dimensions. To exploit the temporal and spatial relationship of iEEG signals, we propose a Swin-Based Temporal Cascade Channel Network (Swin-TCNet) for motor imagery classification tasks, which is composed of three modules: Temporal-Swin (TS), Channel-Swin (CS) and Classifier. The TS and CS modules respectively extract the global dependencies of iEEG signals in the time and channel dimensions, and the Classifier assigns the class labels to the inputs. In addition, we introduce a Temporal-Channel Swin (TC-Swin) block instead of the standard Swin block to effectively reduce the computational complexity. We validate our model on the public imagined handwriting movement dataset collected by Stanford University. The experimental results demonstrate that our model can raise the classification accuracy by 2%–9% compared with 6 state-of-the-art models. • A Swin-based temporal-channel cascade architecture for iEEG signal decoding. • A general lightweight Swin block for temporal and spatial feature extraction. • A temporal-channel cascade structure for feature-level fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]