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Objective: It remains elusive which factors may influence the morbidity and mortality of lung metastasis (LM) in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors influencing LM and the survival outcomes of LSCC patients with LM.Methods: We identified 10,935 patients with LSCC from 2010 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the presence of LM. Multivariate cox regression analysis was used to identify covariates associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with LM.Results: Among 10,935 patients with LSCC, 232 (2.12%) patients had LM. The median survival time of patients with LM was 8 months, and 8.37% of patients survived after 3 years. Patients with age ≥ 60 years old, unmarried status, supraglottis, overlapping lesion of larynx, subglottis, pathological grade III, T4 stage, N1 stage, N2 stage, N3 stage and bone, brain or liver metastases were more likely to have LM. Survival analysis showed that chemotherapy and radiotherapy suggested better survival of LSCC patients with LM while pathological grade IV was associated with an increased all-cause mortality.Conclusion: The incidence of LSCC patients with LM varied by age, married status, and tumor subtypes. LSCC patients with LM had poor survival, and only 8.37% of patients survived after 3 years. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were found as independent favorable prognostic factors for survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel indicator film incorporating roselle anthocyanin extracts (RAE) was prepared to monitor shrimp freshness. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was applied as film-forming substrates to obtain better functions. Structural characterization results suggested compositions were well dispersed and confirmed the structural modification. The addition of HPMC would improve film functions through generation of new interactions. The films with a ratio (HPMC-to-PVA) of 3:1 exhibited stronger tensile strength (91.88 ± 0.13 MPa), hydrophobic (moisture content of 10.44 ± 0.65%, water contact angle of 56.40 ± 3.11°), barrier properties and larger color variations in response to pH changes, demonstrating positive influences of physical functions on indication properties. Thus, a relationship among structural, physical and indication functions was proposed. Furthermore, the films were applied for shrimp freshness real-time monitoring. The film color changed from rose-red to light green at 4 d, corresponding to the onset of spoilage, and then turned into yellow at 8 d, when the shrimp was severely spoilage. The strong correlation between total color difference and chemical spoilage indexes (P <.05) was observed. Therefore, the incorporation of HPMC could improve film functional characteristics by structural modification of new interaction formation, and the PVA/HPMC/RAE films could be applied as intelligent packaging for real-time shrimp freshness monitoring. • Novel indicator films incorporating roselle anthocyanins and HPMC modified PVA were developed. • Components of film matrix were combined by hydrogen bonds. • Film functional characteristics were significantly enhanced by the introduction of HPMC through structural modification. • The influences of film-forming substrate ratios on functional properties were studied. • The PVA/HPMC/RAE films exhibited promising capability to monitor shrimp freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The goal of the study is to develop a novel pH-indicating intelligent packaging by using purple potato extractions (PPE), chitosan and surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (CN). Since the major pH-sensitive pigment of PPE was anthocyanin (24.3 mg/g), whether anthocyanins could be loaded on a solid phase to prevent its color fading was further tested. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that PPE was efficiently attached into the chitosan film. Meanwhile, adding CN (0.450%, w/v) into chitosan film could significantly enhance the tensile strength (TS), the water-resistant ability and the roughness of chitosan film. Whereas higher content of CN (0.600%, w/v) did not further improve mechanical properties and CN would distribute unevenly due to aggregation in the films. In addition to pH-indicating ability, CS-CN-PPE exhibited the extraordinary antioxidant activities and this provides another advantage of packaging readily oxidizable substances. Taken together, the current study provided a novel and biocompatible packaging with strengthened mechanical property and intelligent pH indicator. Highlights • Developed a novel pH-indicating intelligent film by purple potato extractions, chitosan and surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers. • Anthocyanins in purple potato extractions could be loaded on the films to prevent its color fading. • Proper adding of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers enhanced the mechanical properties of the films. • The films exhibited extraordinary antioxidant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangiferin(MGF) exhibits crucial biological roles, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. However, how to clearly elucidate the functioning mechanism of MGF for inhibiting cisplatin-induced hearing loss requires in-depth investigation. In this work, we aimed at gaining insight into how MGF functions as the protective agent against cisplatin-triggered ototoxicity using various assays. The variation for reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations was determined with MitoSOX-Red and 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining (DCFH-DA). The protective function and corresponding mechanism of MGF in hair cell survival in the House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti (HEI-OC1) cell line were assessed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Our findings demonstrated that MGF significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced injury to hair cells in vitro, encompassing cell lines and cochlear explants, as well as in vivo models, including C57BL/6 J mice and zebrafish larvae. Mechanistic studies revealed that MGF reversed the increased accumulation of ROS and inhibited cell apoptosis through mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway. Moreover, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting data indicated MGF protected against cisplatin-mediated ototoxicity via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK). These findings demonstrated MGF has significant potential promise in combating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, offering a foundation for expanded investigation into therapeutic approaches for auditory protection. • Mangiferin proved potential for ameliorating hearing loss with in vitro and in vivo evidence. • Mangiferin alleviated hair cells against cisplatin-mediated ototoxicity by scavenging ROS and mitochondrial protection. • Otoprotection mechanism is interference with the MAPK signaling pathway and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, halochromic smart films were produced, characterized, and applied to monitor the freshness of hairtail and shrimp in real-time. Red cabbage anthocyanins (RCAs) solution illustrated significant color variations (red-pink-blue-green) in different pH environments. RCAs were successfully immobilized into chitosan (CS)/oxidized-chitin nanocrystals (OCN) composites through hydrogen bonding, and cohesive film structures were formed. When the proper concentration of RCAs was incorporated into the composites, improved water vapor permeability (WVP), oxygen permeability (OP), mechanical, UV-blocking, and antioxidant properties were observed. Moreover, the smart films exhibited distinguishable changes of color to ammonia vapor and acidic/alkaline environment within short time intervals, which were easy to discern by naked eyes. Finally, the smart films were applied to monitor the freshness of hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). The film color changed significantly during storage time, and three stages of product freshness (fresh, medium fresh, and spoiled) were successfully differentiated. Strong correlations among three freshness indicators and two colorimetric parameters were also identified and analyzed. Overall, the smart system assembled from non-toxic and biodegradable components could contribute to monitoring the freshness of seafood, like hairtail and shrimp, in real-time. • Biopolymer-based smart films immobilized with red cabbage anthocyanins were produced by a casting method. • The smart films possessed strong UV-blocking, water vapor, and oxygen barrier properties. • The smart films responded sensitively to volatile ammonia vapor and acidic/alkaline solutions. • The smart films exhibited significant changes of color during the spoilage process of hairtail and shrimp. • Strong correlations were among colorimetric parameters and TVC, pH values, and TVB-N contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensile rice straw (ENRS), a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum , L. buchneri and Pediococcus acidilactici at a ratio of 2:1:1 was added to rice straw (RS), and stored for 42 days at room temperature. We examined: 1) the nutritive quality of ENRS; 2) in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota composition with ENRS as substrate; and, 3) serum metabolites and average daily gain (ADG) of growing Hu lambs consuming ENRS. Ensiling of rice straw increased in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradabilities (both P < 0.05), and total gas production (P < 0.05) but decreased (P < 0.05) methane (CH4) production. In addition, ensiling increased bacterial diversity and reduced the relative abundance of the methanogen Methanobrevibacter. Twelve male Hu lambs (initial live body weight = 25.2 ± 0.47 kg), aged 70 (± 6) days, were assigned randomly to one of two groups (n = 6) and offered a total mixed ration (TMR) that included 400 g/kg DM of either RS or ENRS for 4 weeks. Ensiling ruptured the physical structure of the RS, decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter and hemicellulose contents, and increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of lactate, acetate and organic acids. Feeding ENRS up-regulated purine metabolism and improved ADG and gain to feed ratio of Hu lambs when compared to RS. In summary, ensiling was effective in improving both the nutritive quality of the feed and ADG of the lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testicular development during juvenile is crucial for subsequent male reproductive function. However, it remains poorly understood about the contribution of the testis microenvironment to human germ cell maturation. Therefore, we systematically analyzed scRNA-seq transcriptome and found the dramatic changes in cell-type composition in human testis during puberty. Then we constructed cell-cell communication networks between germ cells and somatic cells in the juvenile testis, which may be achieved via immune-related pathways. Our results showed that maturation-promoting factors are the switches of the Sertoli cells that drive sperm maturation. Furthermore, we found that Bisphenol A(BPA) enhanced the maturation and growth of germ cells through the Sertoli cell's secretory protein. Finally, our results indicate Bisphenol A would lead to the dysregulation of secreted protein expression in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis, which in turn has direct cytotoxicity to Sertoli cells. Bisphenol A is one of the underlying causes of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). In summary, our results reveal the reproductive toxicity and molecular mechanism of Bisphenol A in Sertoli cells and male reproduction. Provide a reference for the toxicity of Bisphenol A to human reproduction. [Display omitted] • Single cell transcriptome reveals the microenvironment changes of human testis. • Cell communication network was constructed between germ cells and somatic cells. • The BPA promotes the sperm maturation through maturation promoting factor. • BPA may lead to the dysregulation of secretory protein expression by Sertoli cells. • BPA triggers non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) via their shared molecular signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]