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This paper is concerned with the injection attack estimation for a class of networked control systems with Deny-of-Service (DoS) attack, where unknown signals are injected into the sensor reading and actuator. The main goal is to design an estimator to estimate the injected signals subject to stochastic hidden DoS attack. By introducing a semi-Markov chain, the complex aperiodic sampling behavior caused by DoS attack is first modeled as a stochastic switching system. By using the Lyapunov stability theory and stochastic system analysis method, the σ -error mean square stability (σ -EMSS) conditions of estimation error system are then derived and the state of the attack estimation error system is shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Some linear matrix inequalities are proposed to determine the estimation gain matrices. Finally, both simulation and experimental studies on the motor system are conducted, and the effectiveness of the main results are demonstrated. • A new system model under hybrid attack based on semi-Markov chain is proposed. • An estimator based on intermediate variables is introduced, and new sufficient conditions on the σ -MSS of estimation systems are devised.. • Simulation and real experiments on a real motor system are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of cell suspension through a porous scaffold is a common process in dynamic cell seeding, which determines the initial distribution of cells for constructing tissue-engineered grafts. Physical insights into the transport and adhesion behaviors of cells in this process are of great significance to the precise control of cell density and its distribution in the scaffold. Revealing of dynamic mechanisms underlying these cell behaviors through experiments is still difficult. The numerical approach therefore plays an important role in such studies. However, existing studies have mostly focused on external factors (e.g., flow conditions and scaffold architecture) but ignored the intrinsic biomechanical properties of cells as well as their associated effects. The present work utilized a well-established mesoscopic model to simulate the dynamic cell seeding within a porous scaffold, based on which a thorough investigation of the effects of cell deformability and cell-scaffold adhesion strength on the seeding process was carried out. The results show that the increase in either the stiffness or the bond strength of cells would augment the firm-adhesion rate and thus enhance seeding efficiency. In comparison to cell deformability, bond strength seems to play a more dominant role. Especially in the cases with weak bond strength, remarkable losses of seeding efficiency and distribution uniformity are observed. Noteworthily, it is found that both the firm-adhesion rate and the seeding efficiency are quantiatively related to the adhesion strength which is measured as the detachment force, suggesting a straightforward way to estimate the seeding outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to use the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to study the relationships between the lip-line and mandible deformity. CBCT data of 20 patients with jaw deformity (experimental group) and 20 patients without mandible deformity (control group) were selected. Use three-dimensional cephalometry to measure the reconstructed images of CBCT data simulated by the Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (Mimics), mark the related points, lines and planes of the three-dimensional craniomaxillofacial structure, and measure relevant distances and angles. The T-test, Pearson correlation analysis and Linear regression were used to analyze the characteristics of the lip-line and jaw deformity. There was a significant difference in the lip-line between mandible deformity group and control group. Significant positive correlations could been found among the lip-line cant, the occlusal plane cant, the mandibular plane cant and the degree of mandible deformity (r=0.964, 0.942, 0.611, P < 0.01). A linear relationship was found between the left lip-line cant Y and the menton deviation X [the mandible deflection to the right was defined as positive, and the left lip-line below frankfort horizontal was viewed as positive] as Y= 0.340 + 0.505X. The lip-line of patients with jaw deformity was inclined, and the lip-line cant was positively correlated with the degree of mandible deformity, and there was a certain linear relationship between the two, which could provide a theoretical reference for clinicians to diagnose and treat patients with mandible deformity. • We analysed relationships between the lip-line and jaw deformities. • We used 3D cephalometric analysis of the lip-line and mandible deformity. • There was a relatively consistent trend of the lip-line and occlusal plane cants. • There was a linear relationship between the lip-line cant and mandible deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extracts of calling female Sparganothis sulfureana revealed at least 6 compounds that consistently elicited antennal responses from male antennae. In addition to the major pheromone compound, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11–14:OAc), which was previously reported, the other compounds were found to be (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9–12:OAc), (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9–12:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:OAc), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11–14:OAc), and (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11–14:OH). Tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate and hexadecenyl acetates were also present in the extracts, but elicited no EAG response from male antennae. Wind tunnel tests demonstrated that males from New Jersey responded equally well to a blend containing five pheromone components in relative to the pheromone glands of calling females. Different male-response profiles from field-trapping tests conducted in the states of Wisconsin and New Jersey were observed, respectively. Significantly higher numbers of male S. sulfureana were caught in New Jersey in traps baited with the binary blend of E11–14:OAc (30 μg) with 1% of Z11–14:OAc, but males from Wisconsin responded equally well to traps containing blends of E11–14:OAc with 0–10% of Z11–14:OAc. The addition of more than 10% of Z11–14:OAc to the primary pheromone compound reduced male captures significantly in both states. Male catches were doubled by adding E9–12:OAc and E11–14:OH to the most attractive binary blend in both states. The trapping test with caged live virgin female moths showed that males in Wisconsin preferred females from the local population than those from New Jersey. The differences in male responses observed may indicate the existence of pheromone polymorphism in this species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development stipulates 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The implementation of this agenda will mobilize countries worldwide to incorporate the SDGs into their national development strategies. The agenda does not specify how these goals are interconnected, thus limiting their implementation. In addition, air quality affects human life and plays a vital role in achieving these SDGs. Clarifying the interconnections between SDGs related to air pollution and other SDGs will accelerate the implementation of air protection and SDGs while simultaneously promoting policy coherence. In this paper, we use the latest calculation of the SDGs in China to construct national and provincial panel data to investigate the trade-offs and synergies among Chinese air pollution-related SDGs. The findings are as follows. First, most air pollution-related SDGs have synergetic relationships, except for SDG12, which has a trade-off relationship with other air pollution-related SDGs. Second, the synergies between air pollution-related SDGs and other SDGs far outweigh the trade-offs. Third, rapidly developing areas are more likely to experience a trade-off between economic development and air pollution problems. Fourth, geographic advantages in reducing air pollution, such as being adjacent to the sea, may weaken the synergies among air pollution-related SDGs and their synergies with other SDGs. These findings indicate that most air-pollution-related SDGs and interactions between air-pollution-related SDGs and other SDGs have substantial synergy; that is, measures aimed at one goal are conducive to the advancement of other goals. However, SDG12 reflects a trade-off relationship between economic development, environmental protection, and resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The systematic exploration on the effect of dispersion to pulses in 2 mm mode-locked fiber laser. • Obtained the detailed regularity of the effect of cavity net dispersion on pulse signal noise ratio. • Systematically explored the influence of third-order dispersion value on the pulse characteristics. We present a systematic and experimental exploration on the influence of the second-order and third-order dispersion on pulse characteristics in an ultra-high numerical aperture (UHNA) fiber dispersion-managed, Tm-doped and nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) mode-locked fiber laser cavity; and obtained the detailed regularity of the variation of the key parameters for mode-locked pulse, including pulse duration, pulse spectral profile, and pulse signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with dispersion. In this process, we find that there are two interesting second-order dispersion points of −0.207 ps2 and 0.09 ps2, in which the pulse SNRs can be optimized to as high as 79 dB and 78 dB, respectively, considerably higher than that in other positions. Besides, the experimental results show that the value of third-order dispersion can not only impact the pulse spectrum but also monotonously affect the quality of pulse SNR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detailed analysis of the effects of both the second and the third-order dispersion values on the pulse characteristics in 2-μm mode-locked fiber laser cavity and it will be an important reference to the realization of a Tm-doped mode-locked laser with high pulse contrast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline-coil block copolymer compositions, determined by block ratios, play a vital role in the construction of different self-assembly morphologies. Here, we synthesized a series of crystalline-coil block copolymers with different block ratios, namely poly (ε-caprolactone)- block -poly (tert -butyl acrylate) (PCL- b -P t BA), to explore the impact of polymer compositions on self-assembly morphologies via crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA). It was found that the PCL- b -P t BA can self-assemble into various morphologies including lozenges, quadrilaterals, elongated hexagons, hexagonal platelets, saw blade platelets and spindle micelles. Additionally, transmission electron microscopes (TEM) imaging indicated a gradual morphological transformation from quadrilateral to lozenge platelets, and then to elongated-hexagon platelets with high aspect ratios as the sampling time was prolonged. We hypothesize that variations in polymer composition lead to changes in the self-assembly morphology primarily due to differences in the reduced tethering density of P t BA segments with varying chain lengths, which subsequently impacts the crystallization of PCL. Our work reveals that adjusting block ratios of the PCL-contained block copolymer for self-assembly is a facile way to construct diverse morphologies of polymer materials, and the corresponding materials may have potential applications in fields such as drug delivery, antibacterial treatments and other fields. [Display omitted] • Varying PCL- b -P t BA block ratios creates multiple self-assembly shapes: lozenges, hexagons platelets, spindle micelles, etc. • TEM reveals novel morphological changes: quadrilaterals to lozenges, then to elongated-hexagon platelets. • Enabling diverse morphologies through the adjustment of block rations in PCL-contained copolymer paves the way for exploring self-assembly in different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have used a neuroscience-based approach towards examination of writing and reading skills and how these might differ between languages. However, few studies have focused on differences in grammatical processing that may be specific to certain languages. Studies have shown that grammar for active and passive sentences differs between Chinese and English. Chinese, a morphologically non-inflectional language, is visibly different from inflectional languages in terms of verb morphology changes but similar in terms of subject and object transformation movements. We used a blocked design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to examine brain activations during processing of three types of Chinese sentences: active sentences, passive sentences, and general declarative sentences in native Chinese speakers. We found similar brain activations for picture-active, picture-passive, and declarative sentences. However, differences in neural activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) were observed between active and passive conditions. Since the Chinese language does not require inflection of verbs when switching from active to passive sentences, it is possible that subject and object inversion led to the syntactic processing observed in the present study. These results provide evidence suggesting that different strategies are used for Chinese as compared to English for grammatical passive sentence inversions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coconut oil FA and their Me derivatives repelled A. sculptum nymphs for up to 72h. • Catnip oil have shown 96 h-repellence against A. sculptum nymphs. • A formulation of coconut FFA in lavender has reached up to 7d of repellence. • C 10 Me and C 12 Me showed high acaricidal activity against A. sculptum larvae. This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the repellent and acaricidal activity of major ingredient compounds from coconut oil including their methyl ester derivatives and catnip oil against nymphs and larvae of Amblyomma sculptum. Repellent candidates, coconut oil free fatty acids (coconut FFA mainly C 12 , C 10 and C 8 acid); lauric acid (C 12 acid); capric acid (C 10 acid); methyl laurate; methyl caprate and 10 % each of C 12 , C 10 and C 8 acid (1:1:1) in lavender oil formulation (CFA in lavender formula) and catnip oil (Nepeta cataria), were screened using a Petri dish bioassay to assess repellency. Catnip oil, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, and CFA in lavender formulation repelled ticks strongly (P < 0.05) at almost all times evaluated, with an average of 77.8–100% repellency. Some candidate repellents with consistent strong repellence observed were selected for further evaluation, with coconut CFA in lavender formula showing a repellency lasted up to 7 days, while those of catnip oil and methyl caprate were active for 4 and 3 days, respectively. For the acaricide test, five concentrations (2.5; 5; 10; 15 and 20 mg/mL) were evaluated using the larval packet test. Only CFA in lavender formula and two methyl esters showed acaricidal activity, with methyl laurate presenting the strongest toxicity at 15 mg/mL concentration, which was effective against more than 93 % of the tested larvae. Catnip oil caused no mortality of A. scultptum larvae in all concentrations tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Succeeded in synthesizing the novel tellurium nanocrystal (Chem-Te) thin film. • Adopting this material as a SA for realization of all-fiber structured mode-locking at 2 μm-band. • Observed the harmonic mode-locked pulse trains and the obtained stable femtosecond level pulses output. We succeed in developing a chemically synthesized tellurium nanocrystals (Chem-Te) thin film by liquid phase peeling technique, and demonstrate this material is an effective saturable absorber (SA) for realization of stable mode-locking in an all-fiber structured thulium-doped laser cavity. By integrating this SA into an all-fiber structured ring laser cavity, we obtained the mode-locked pulses at the repetition rate of 11.17 MHz, the achieved pulses spectral bandwidth FWHM (full width at half maximum) of 5.26 nm and the pulses duration of 890 fs with 620 mW pump power at 1560 nm, the fundamental mode-locked laser output power as high as 5.35 mW. In addition, by further increasing the pump power, the second-order and third-order harmonic mode-locked pulses train of this fiber laser were also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the novel Chem-Te material saturable absorption property realization in 2 μm-band fiber laser system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]