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• What is the primary question addressed by this study? We conducted a four-armed, quasi-experimental intervention to assess the effects of simultaneous combined intervention (cycling while playing a video game), single aerobic exercise, and single video game training on executive functions and brain connectivity in older adults. • What is the main finding of this study? Both video game training alone and combined intervention could improve executive functions, while combined intervention holds greater potential to boost gains. • What is the meaning of the study? Combining aerobic exercise with challenging cognitive activities simultaneously is especially beneficial for postponing the decline in executive functions in older adults. The study was designed to examine the effects of simultaneous combination of aerobic exercise and video game training on executive functions (EFs) and brain functional connectivity in older adults. A four-armed, quasi-experimental study. Community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older. A total of 97 older adults were divided into one of four groups: aerobic exercise (AE), video game (VG), combined intervention (CI), and passive control (PC). Participants in intervention groups received 32 sessions of training over a 4-month period at a frequency of twice a week. EFs was evaluated using a composite score derived from a battery of neuropsychological tests. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was employed to evaluate overall cognitive function, while the 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) was utilized to gauge physical function. Additionally, the functional connectivity (FC) of the frontal-parietal networks (FPN) was examined as a neural indicator of cognitive processing and connectivity changes. In terms of EFs, both VG and CI groups demonstrated improvement following the intervention. This improvement was particularly pronounced in the CI group, with a large effect size (Hedge's g = 0.83), while the VG group showed a medium effect size (Hedge's g = 0.56). A significant increase in MoCA scores was also observed in both the VG and CI groups, whereas a significant increase in 6MWT scores was observed in the AE and CI groups. Although there were no group-level changes observed in FC of the FPN, we found that changes in FC was behaviorally relevant as increased FC was associated with greater improvement in EFs. The study offers preliminary evidence that both video game training and combined intervention could enhance EFs in older adults. Simultaneous combined intervention may hold greater potential for facilitating EFs gains. The initial evidence for correlated changes in brain connectivity and EFs provides new insights into understanding the neural basis underlying the training gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic osteonecrosis, particularly glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GIONFH), is primarily due to the dysfunction of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. miRNA, as a therapeutic system with immense potential, plays a vital role in the treatment of various diseases. However, due to the unique microenvironmental structure of bone tissue, especially in the case of GIONFH, where there is a deficiency in the vascular system, it is challenging to effectively target and deliver to the ischemic osteonecrosis area. A drug delivery system assisted by genetically engineered cell membranes holds promise in addressing the challenge of targeted miRNA delivery. Herein, we leverage the potential of miR-21 in modulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis to design an innovative biomimetic nanoplatform system. First, we employed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the core structure to load miR-21-m (miR-21-m@MOF). The nanoparticles were further coated with the membrane of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing CXCR4 (CM-miR-21-m@MOF), enhancing their ability to target ischemic bone areas via the CXCR4-SDF1 axis. These biomimetic nanocomposites possess both bone-targeting and ischemia-guiding capabilities, actively targeting GIONFH lesions to release miR-21-m into target cells, thereby silencing PTEN gene and activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This innovative miRNA delivery system provides a promising therapeutic avenue for GIONFH and potentially other related ischemic bone diseases. 1. CXCR4-Engineered Membranes Enhance Targeting for Ischemic Osteonecrosis. 2. miR-21-Based Gene Therapy for Regulating Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis. 3. Expanding the Use of Membrane-Cloaked MOF Nanoparticles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• What is the primary question addressed by this study? This study examines the neural correlates of the group–counseling–boosted memory training gains in older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC). • What is the main finding of this study? Improved mood, which may boost memory training gains in older adults with SMC, was associated with changes in the functional resting-state connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus. • What is the meaning of the finding? This finding suggests that amygdala–hippocampal connectivity may be associated with improved mood–enhanced memory training gains in older adults with SMC. Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) have a higher risk of dementia and commonly demonstrate symptoms of anxiety. This study examined the neural correlates of group counseling (GC)–boosted memory training (MT) gains. This study was an active, controlled, randomized trial. Neighborhoods near the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Community-dwelling older adults, aged 60 or above with a minimum of 6 years of education, were recruited through advertisements and flyers posted at community service stations. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses were used to examine the neural correlates associated with MT gains enhanced by improved mood in older adults with SMC. Participants were randomly assigned to the combined intervention (CI) or GC group. The CI group received 3 weeks of GC followed by 4 weeks of MT, and the GC group received GC and health lectures. Cognitive function and emotions were assessed before GC (T1), after GC (T2), and after MT (T3). Both groups underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning at T2 and T3. Alleviated anxiety was positively correlated with rs-FC between the amygdala and left hippocampus and negatively correlated with rs-FC between the amygdala and right hippocampus. MT improvement was negatively correlated with rs-FC between the amygdala and right hippocampus in the CI group; the correlation was not significant after controlling for emotional changes. Amygdala–hippocampal connectivity may be associated with improved mood-enhanced MT gains in individuals with SMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• What is the primary question addressed by this study? We investigated the effects of a 9-month community-based multidomain intervention of mindfulness meditation, cognitive training, exercise, and nutrition counseling on improving cognition compared to controls for Chinese older adults having risks of cognitive decline. • What is the main finding of this study? Multidomain intervention had immediate benefits on improving cognitive performance measured by objective assessments and subjective cognitive abilities relative to the control, and the benefits on subjective cognitive abilities were retained for 1 year after the completion of the intervention. • What is the meaning of the finding? Multidomain intervention that targeted multiple predictors of cognitive decline can have immediate benefits on improving cognitive performance for older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Long-term effects on cognition and individual differences in response to the intervention deserve further investigation. We sought to assess cognitive benefits of a community-based multidomain intervention for improving cognition among older adults at risk of cognitive decline (COMBAT). A two-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial. Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older and were at risk of cognitive decline (n = 209). In this 9-month intervention study, 10 community hospitals in Beijing, China, were randomized (1:1) to receive either a multidomain intervention of meditation, cognitive training, exercise, and nutrition counseling or usual care. The intervention was delivered with weekly 1-hour group training sessions and weekly home homework. Primary outcome was change in cognition as measured by a composite Z score of seven cognitive tests. Secondary outcomes included subjective cognitive abilities, positive and negative affective experiences, physical activity, and dietary habits. Assessments were administered at baseline, end of the intervention, and 1 year after completing the intervention (1-year follow-up). Immediately after the intervention, the intervention group showed significant enhancement in cognitive performance (p = 0.026). The between-group difference in the Z score of change of cognition was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.053, 0.35), with a Hedges' g of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.50). However, this cognitive benefit was not significant at 1-year follow-up. This multidomain intervention was effective to improve cognition for at-risk individuals. Long-term effects on cognitive function and individual differences in response to the intervention deserve further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buried interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently a highly focused study area due to their impact on device performance and stability. However, it remains a major challenge to rationally design buried interfaces. The properties of the buried interface not only affect carrier recombination and transport of perovskite layers, but also their crystallinity, orientation, and defects. In this work, ligand-modified ZrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced as a functional bridging layer at the buried interface of the PSCs. The dense, ultra-thin insulating layer can effectively block holes but allow electrons to pass through the "tunneling" effect, thereby reducing charge recombination between the ETL and the perovskite bulk. In addition, ZrO 2 NPs functionalized with NH 2 groups can reconfigure the substrate to realize oriented growth of perovskite film and minimize bottom defects. This dual modulation of carrier behavior and film physical properties at the buried interface is very effective for improving both device performance and scaling. The efficiency of the champion small-area PSCs (with an active area of 0.0655 cm2) could reach 26.51 %. Moreover, the efficiencies of the PSC minimodules could reach 23.42 % at 23.23 cm2 (certified as 22.32 %) and 22.26 % at 87.45 cm2, respectively. These devices also showed excellent shelf-life/light soaking stability based on the advanced level of ISOS stability protocols. [Display omitted] • An effective modification of the buried interface to be comprehensively covered and to be stable present. • Dual functional modulation of carrier behavior and perovskite structural properties at buried interface. • Broad processing window (atmospherically applicable and scale-up) for efficient and stable perovskite solar devices/modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effects of a multimodal intervention composed of cognitive training, physical exercise, and group counseling on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.Design: A four-armed, quasi-experimental intervention study.Setting and Participants: Community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older (n = 153).Intervention: Participants were allocated into multimodal intervention, cognitive training plus Taichi exercise, cognitive training, or control group. The multimodal intervention included 18 sessions of cognitive training, 18 sessions of Taichi, and 6 sessions of group reminiscence over six weeks.Measurements: Cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being were assessed at the baseline, postintervention, and three-month follow-up. The primary outcome was the change in overall cognition measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a composite cognitive score derived from a battery of neuropsychological tests.Results: For MoCA, there was no significant difference between any of the three intervention groups and controls. For composite cognition, all three intervention groups showed improvements at the three-month follow-up, with a large effect size in the cognitive training plus Taichi group (change difference 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.56, Hedge's g = 0.92), and medium effect sizes in the multimodal intervention group (change difference 0.23, 95% CI 0.0 -0.42, g = 0.58) and cognitive training group (change difference 0.22, 95% CI 0.03-0.42, g = 0.55).Conclusions: Multimodal intervention, cognitive training plus Taichi, and cognitive training could foster cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. The combination of cognitive training and Taichi showed greater efficacy than the other two interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal immune activation (MIA) is critical for imparting neuropathology and altered behaviors in offspring; however, maternal-fetal immune cell populations have not been thoroughly investigated in MIA-induced autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of placental cells in both PBS- and poly(I:C)-induced MIA dams. We observed a decrease in regulatory T (Treg) cells but an increase in the M1 macrophage population at the maternal-fetal interface in MIA dams. Based on the Treg-targeting approach, we investigate an immunoregulatory protein, the helminth-derived heat shock protein 90α (Sjp90α), that induces maternal Treg cells and subsequently rescues the autism-like behaviors in adult offspring. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of maternal macrophages attenuates placental inflammatory reaction and reverses behavioral abnormalities in adult offspring. Notably, Sjp90α induces CD4+ T cell differentiation via scavenger receptor A (SR-A) on the macrophage in vitro. Our findings suggest a maternal Treg-targeted approach to alleviate MIA-induced autism-like behavior in adult offspring. [Display omitted] • Maternal immune activation (MIA) induces maternal M1 macrophages but reduces Treg cells • Sjp90α promotes maternal Treg cells and ameliorates abnormal behaviors in adult offspring • Maternal macrophage depletion in MIA dams reverses abnormal behaviors in adult offspring • Sjp90α induces the maternal expansion of Treg cells by promoting M2 macrophages via SR-A Shen et al. confirm the critical role of maternal regulatory T (Treg) cells and macrophages in MIA progression and demonstrate that harnessing Treg cells induced by helminth-derived protein is a strategy to ease MIA-induced autism-like behavior in adult offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) have attracted great attention due to their promising photovoltaic performance and environmental friendliness. Adequate photon trapping and efficient carrier utilization are known to be the keys to achieving high-performance devices, which are closely related to the thickness of the light-absorbing layer and the quality of film formation, respectively. Due to the ultra-fast crystallization characteristics and low defect formation energy, thick tin-based perovskite films are faced with poor electrical performance due to poor quality. Thin tin-based perovskite films are easy to achieve low defects and high crystallization quality, but insufficient thickness leads to the problem of insufficient light trapping. To address these issues, we have thoroughly investigated the various aspects of the photoelectric conversion process in TPSC devices and, for the first time, explored the behavior of front-end optical field management. It is found that the self-constructed microcavity effect can effectively improve the light trapping efficiency under the premise that a thin light-absorbing layer is used, so that sufficient photon trapping and excellent carrier transport characteristics can be ensured simultaneously to realize a high-performance device. Different from the traditional film formation and defect modulation strategy, the present work provides a feasible idea for the performance enhancement of TPSC devices, and is also of great significance for cost control and environmental protection issues in commercial applications. [Display omitted] • The intrinsic relationship between the quality control and the optical field distribution in TPSCs. • The self-constructed optical microcavities in TPSCs based on thin light-absorbing layers realize a high-performance device. • The contribution of photocurrent in TPSCs mainly originates from the first few hundred nanometers of the perovskite film. • The "less tin" high-performance device design is conducive to cost control and environmental compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) have a higher risk of dementia and commonly demonstrate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study aimed to examine the effect of a memory training program for individuals with SMC, and whether additional group counseling aimed at alleviating depression and anxiety would boost memory training gains.Design: A three-armed, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Setting and Participants: Community-dwelling older adults with SMC, age ≥60.Methods: Participants (n = 124) were randomly assigned to memory training (MT), group counseling (GC), or GC + MT intervention. The GT + MT group received 3 sessions of group counseling followed by a 4-week memory training, while the MT group attended reading and memory training, and the GC group received group counseling and health lectures. Cognitive function and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed at baseline, mid-, and post-intervention.Results: After group counseling, the GC + MT and GC groups showed reduced symptoms of anxiety compared to the MT group. Memory training enhanced associative learning in both MT and GC + MT groups compare with the GC group, but the GC + MT group demonstrated a larger memory improvement (Cohen's d = 0.57) than the MT group (Cohen's d = 0.44).Conclusion and Implications: Group counseling decreased symptoms of anxiety, memory training increased associative learning, and the combination of two intervention induced larger memory gain than memory training alone. The results suggest that it may need to integrate treatment for anxiety into memory training for older adults with SMC to achieve better intervention effect.Trial Registration: ChiCTR-IOR-15006165 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithology identification using logging data is an essential part of geophysical reservoir characterization. Reliable core samples are very limited, which means that it is usually infeasible to obtain all the desired lithology categories. Unknown lithologies can arise in testing, while traditional closed-set models are not applicable to such open environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework based on open-set recognition and active learning for lithology identification (ORALI). This framework is two-stage. Firstly, a rejection measure is added to the open-set nearest neighbor (OSNN), which considers the class ratios within sub-clusters of Gaussian mixture models (GMM). This can effectively improve the identification of unknowns in areas of class overlap. After the unknown lithologies are identified, expert labelling is performed using active learning. A cold-start batch-mode processing strategy is designed to efficiently perform queries with unknown lithologies. In the comparison experiments of actual logging lithology identification, the performance of ORALI is excellent and most balanced. In both study areas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, ORALI has achieved recognition accuracies of over 88% in the presence of unknown lithologies. Among them, the F1 scores for unknown lithology recognition reached 81.73% and 82.67% respectively, which were improved by 7.8% and 8.2% compared with OSNN. Meanwhile, ORALI can initiate and query more effectively in the active learning stage. ORALI provides a complete and effective framework for open-set lithology identification task. • ORALI for lithology identification in open environments is proposed. • Adding the rejection measure to OSNN effectively improves the identification in areas of class overlap. • Batch-mode active learning combined with a cold-start strategy can efficiently label novel samples. • Validation of the effectiveness using real lithology datasets in two study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanofiber was an ideal candidate for humidity actuators based on its wide availability, biocompatibility and excellent hydrophilicity. However, conventional cellulose nanofiber-based actuators faced challenges like poor water resistance, flexibility, and sensitivity. Herein, water-resistant, flexible, and highly sensitive cross-linked cellulose nanofibers (CCNF) single-layer humidity actuators with remarkable reversible humidity responsiveness were prepared by combining the green click chemistry modification and intercalation modulated plasticization (IMP). The incorporation of phenyl ring and the crosslinked network structure in CCNF films contributed to its improved water resistance and mechanical properties (with a stress increased from 85.9 ± 3.1 MPa to 141.2 ± 21.5 MPa). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced interlaminar sliding properties facilitated by IMP. This resulted in increased flexibility and toughness of CCNF films, with a strain of 11.5 % and toughness of 9.9 MJ/m3. These improvements efficiently enhanced humidity sensitivity for cellulose nanofiber, with a 4.8-fold increase in bending curvature and a response time of only 3.4 ± 0.1 s. Finally, the good humidity sensitivity of modified CNF can be easily imparted to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple self-assembly method, thus leading to a high-performance humidity-responsive actuator. The click chemistry modification and IMP offer a new avenue to fabricate tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive fuel consumption of heavy duty trucks aggravates environmental pollution and leads to reduced economic benefits of road transportation enterprises. In order to study the influencing factors of fuel consumption of heavy duty trucks, based on real-time vehicle operating parameter data, this paper establishes a segment fuel consumption prediction model based on LightGBM algorithm. The fitting ability of the model is improved by feature selection and Optuna hyperparameter search. The performance is compared with other models. The results show that the prediction effect of LightGBM model is optimal. Finally, based on the SHAP framework, the prediction results of the optimal fragmented fuel consumption model are visually explained. The conclusion that average speed and average throttle pedal value have a significant impact on segmented fuel consumption. Ensuring higher and more stable speeds, reducing the frequency of acceleration and deceleration can reduce the fuel consumption appropriately. • Establishing a LightGBM model to predict fuel consumption of heavy duty trucks. • Improving the model prediction performance through feature selection and parameter optimization. • The LightGBM model shows good predictive performance with R2 of 0.8725. • Visual interpretation of prediction results based on the SHAP framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]