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Highlights • The novel structure composites can enhance microwave absorbing properties. • The dielectric loss could be strictly controlled without sacrificing magnetic loss. • Schematic diagram of microwave absorption show the influence of the composites. • The effective absorbing width is about 8.4 GHz by sample F2. Abstract Designing novel structure to optimize the dielectric constant and permeability was believed as an effective way to improve the performances of wave-absorbing material. In this work, PVA coating containing homogeneously-distributed graphene oxide (GO) was firstly deposited onto the surface of carbonyl iron powder (CIP), which was then followed by a heat-treatment to obtain rGO/PVA/CIP composite materials. The electromagnetic parameters (relative complex permittivity and permeability) and corresponding loss mechanism of the as-prepared rGO/PVA/CIP composites were investigated in a frequency of 2.0–18.0 GHz. It was found that the presence of well-dispersed rGO could effectively improve the dielectric loss of the composites and microwave absorption capability without sacrificing magnetic loss. The effective absorbing width (reflection loss lower than −10 dB) of PVA/CIP composite containing 1 mg/g GO was measured to be ∼8.4 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is rare and has never been reported as a spectrum disease in Han Chinese population. Objectives To study the clinical features of CCPD in Han Chinese patients. Methods Twenty-two CCPD patients were selected from 788 demyelination cases. We reviewed and compared the clinical manifestation, laboratory data, electrophysiological examination, MRI and the prognosis. Results CCPD patients presented with sensory disturbance (86.4%), plegia (77.3%), cranial nerve involvement (77.3%), abnormal deep tendon reflexes (72.7%). CSF data showed increased CSF protein in 81% patients. Oligoclonal IgG bands (OB) were negative. Cortical or juxtacortical, periventricular, infratentorial lesions, thoracic and cervical spinal cord were mostly affected. Visual evoked potentials indicated optic nerves demyelinating in 50% cases. 21 CCPD patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin or steroids or both of them, and the efficacy was 33.3%, 54.5%, 71.4%, respectively. One case that showed no response to steroids plus intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was improved significantly after using cyclophosphamide. Conclusions CCPD is a spectrum disease that can't be regarded as a simple combination of MS and CIDP. A suspected CCPD should receive brain and spinal MRI as well as electrophysiological examination to obtain a precise diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy had been shown to be an effective first-line treatment for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there was no robust evidence showing a PD-L1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy benefited patients with squamous and non-squamous NSCLC. GEMSTONE-302 aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a PD-L1 inhibitor, sugemalimab, plus chemotherapy for patients with metastatic squamous or non-squamous NSCLC.Methods: This randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial was done in 35 hospitals and academic research centres in China. Eligible patients were aged 18-75 years, had histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IV squamous or non-squamous NSCLC without known EGFR sensitising mutations, ALK, ROS1, or RET fusions, no previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive sugemalimab (1200 mg, intravenously, every 3 weeks) plus platinum-based chemotherapy (carboplatin [area under the curve (AUC) 5 mg/mL per min, intravenously] and paclitaxel [175 mg/m2, intravenously] for squamous NSCLC, or carboplatin [AUC 5 mg/mL per min, intravenously] and pemetrexed [500 mg/m2, intravenously] for non-squamous NSCLC; sugemalimab group) or placebo plus the same platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for squamous or non-squamous NSCLC as in the sugemalimab group; placebo group) for up to four cycles, followed by maintenance therapy with sugemalimab or placebo for squamous NSCLC, and intravenous sugemalimab 500 mg/m2 or matching placebo plus pemetrexed for non-squamous NSCLC. Randomisation was done by an interactive voice-web-response system via permuted blocks (block size was a mixture of three and six with a random order within each stratum) and stratified by ECOG performance status, PD-L1 expression, and tumour pathology. The investigators, patients, and the sponsor were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was analysed in all patients who received at least one treatment dose. Results reported are from a prespecified interim analysis (ie, when the study met the primary endpoint) and an updated analysis (prespecified final analysis for progression-free survival) with a longer follow-up. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03789604), is closed to new participants, and follow-up is ongoing.Findings: Between Dec 13, 2018, and May 15, 2020, 846 patients were assessed for eligibility; 367 were ineligible, and the remaining 479 patients were randomly assigned to the sugemalimab group (n=320) or placebo group (n=159). At the preplanned interim analysis (data cutoff June 8, 2020; median follow-up 8·6 months [IQR 6·1-11·4]), GEMSTONE-302 met its primary endpoint, with significantly longer progression-free survival in the sugemalimab group compared with the placebo group (median 7·8 months [95% CI 6·9-9·0] vs 4·9 months [4·7-5·0]; stratified hazard ratio [HR] 0·50 [95% CI 0·39-0·64], p<0·0001]). At the final analysis (March 15, 2021) with a median follow-up of 17·8 months (IQR 15·1-20·9), the improvement in progression-free survival was maintained (median 9·0 months [95% CI 7·4-10·8] vs 4·9 months [4·8-5·1]; stratified HR 0·48 [95% CI 0·39-0·60], p<0·0001). The most common grade 3 or 4 any treatment-related adverse events were neutrophil count decreased (104 [33%] of 320 with sugemalimab vs 52 [33%] of 159 with placebo), white blood cell count decreased (45 [14%] vs 27 [17%]), anaemia (43 [13%] vs 18 [11%]), platelet count decreased (33 [10%] vs 15 [9%]), and neutropenia (12 [4%] vs seven [4%]). Any treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 73 (23%) patients in the sugemalimab group and 31 (20%) patients in the placebo group. Any treatment-related deaths were reported in ten (3%) patients in the sugemalimab group (pneumonia with respiratory failure in one patient; myelosuppression with septic shock in one patient; pneumonia in two patients; respiratory failure, abdominal pain, cardiac failure, and immune-mediated pneumonitis in one patient each; the other two deaths had an unspecified cause) and in two (1%) patients in the placebo group (pneumonia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome).Interpretation: Sugemalimab plus chemotherapy showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful progression-free survival improvement compared with placebo plus chemotherapy, in patients with previously untreated squamous and non-squamous metastatic NSCLC, regardless of PD-L1 expression, and could be a newfirst-line treatment option for both squamous and non-squamous metastatic NSCLC.Funding: CStone Pharmaceuticals.Translation: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma have poor prognosis and few treatment options after first-line therapy. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab versus investigator's choice of chemotherapy in previously treated patients.Methods: ESCORT is a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study of patients aged 18 to 75 years with a histological or cytological diagnosis of advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma done at 43 hospitals in China. Eligible patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, and had progressed on, or were intolerant to, first-line standard therapy. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to camrelizumab (200 mg every 2 weeks) or chemotherapy with docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) or irinotecan (180 mg/m2 every 2 weeks), all given intravenously. Central randomisation was done using the Randomization and Trial Supply Management system with block size randomly generated as four or six and stratified by disease and ECOG performance status. The primary endpoint was overall survival, assessed in randomised patients who had received at least one dose of treatment. Safety was assessed in all treated patients. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03099382, and is closed to new participants.Findings: From May 10, 2017, to July 24, 2018, 457 (75%) of 607 screened patients were randomly assigned to treatment, of whom 228 received camrelizumab treatment and 220 received chemotherapy. As of data cutoff on May 6, 2019, with a median follow-up time of 8·3 months (IQR 4·1-12·8) in the camrelizumab group and 6·2 months (3·6-10·1) in the chemotherapy group, median overall survival was 8·3 months (95% CI 6·8-9·7) in the camrelizumab group and 6·2 months (5·7-6·9) in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·57-0·87]; two-sided p=0·0010). The most common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or worse were anaemia (camrelizumab vs chemotherapy: six [3%] vs 11 [5%]), abnormal hepatic function (four [2%] vs one [<1%]), and diarrhoea (three [1%] vs nine [4%]). Serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in 37 (16%) of 228 patients in the camrelizumab group, and in 32 (15%) of 220 patients in the chemotherapy group. Ten treatment-related deaths occurred, seven (3%) in the camrelizumab group (three deaths from unknown causes, one enterocolitis, one hepatic function abnormal, one pneumonitis, and one myocarditis) and three (1%) in the chemotherapy group (two deaths from unknown causes, and one gastrointestinal haemorrhage).Interpretation: Second-line camrelizumab significantly improved overall survival in patients with advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared with chemotherapy, with a manageable safety profile. It might represent a potential option of standard second-line treatment for patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China.Funding: Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KN046, a novel recombinant humanised antibody targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after failure or intolerance to platinum-based chemotherapy. In this multi-centre, open-label phase II clinical trial, patients were enroled after failure or intolerance to platinum-based chemotherapy. KN046 at 3 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 2 weeks. The primary end-point was objective response rate (ORR) evaluated by a blinded independent review committee (BIRC). A total of 30 and 34 patients were included in the 3 mg/kg (cohort A) and 5 mg/kg (cohort B) cohorts. On 31st August 2021, the median follow-up duration was 24.08 months (interquartile [IQR], 22.28, 24.84) and 19.35 months (IQR, 17.25, 20.90) in the 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg cohorts, respectively. BIRC-assessed ORRs were 13.3% and 14.7% in the 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg cohorts, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 3.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.22–7.29) and 3.68 (95%CI 1.81–7.39) months, while overall survival was 19.70 (95.5%CI 15.44-not estimated [NE]) and 13.04 (95.5%CI 9.86-NE) months, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were anaemia (28.1%), hyperglycaemia (26.7%), and infusion-related reactions (26.7%). The incidence rates of grade ≥ 3 TRAEs and TRAEs leading to treatment discontinuation were 42.2% and 14.1%, respectively. Both 3 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg KN046 showed promising efficacy and favourable safety profile for advanced NSCLC after failure or intolerance to previous platinum-based chemotherapy. NCT03838848 • KN046 had favourable safety profile in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). • KN046 showed promising efficacy in second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC. • This study showed the potential of co-targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]