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In recent years, climate change has become more intense for society, and to mitigate this scenario, renewable energy sources have increased their installed capacity. In this context, green hydrogen, which can be obtained through water electrolysis, is considered one of the main alternatives to enable the replacement of fossil energy sources, acting as an energy vector to balance supply and demand for renewable energy. This study aims to mapping trends in direct seawater electrolysis technology by analyzing patents retrieved from the Derwent Innovations Index database between 1963 and 2022. As a result, 138 patent documents were identified and the analysis revealed an increase in patenting between 2016 and 2021 leading by China, South Korea, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The analysis also showed a trend towards research and development for electrocatalysts for direct seawater electrolysis in alkaline media, using materials not belonging to the platinum group metals. [Display omitted] • Growth in patenting from 2016. • Scientific publications and patent filings showed a similar pace. • Technological development of electrocatalysts focused on alkaline pH. • Trend towards non-platinum group metal materials for electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to propose a conceptual framework of the dimensions involved in the decommissioning process and their interconnections for a holistic view of the problem. The research method was a systematic literature review. Eighty-six articles found in 5 databases were analyzed: Web of Science, Springer, Scopus, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library. Based on this analysis, the conceptual model was developed. The framework includes 5 dimensions: i) Relationship with Stakeholders, that identifies the major parties involved in the decommissioning process and its activities, ii) The Technological Solutions, that contemplates the different technical aspects of the decommissioning process, iii) The dimension Decommissioning Option, that involves the alternatives for decommissioning, iv) The Operationalization, that is related to the execution of the decommissioning option defined in the previous dimension, v) Impacts, that can occur on the environmental, financial, socioeconomic, health, and safety of workers, resulting from the operationalization of the decommissioning. The contribution of this study is the systemic view of the decommissioning process of an offshore oil platform based on the integration of the different dimensions of the decommissioning process, and the identification of future research directions. The proposal framework can support decision-making from a strategic and operational perspective of different types of offshore installations. • The decommissioning process is complex and involves multiple stakeholders with diverging interests. • Five dimensions, that make up the decommissioning process and their interconnections were identified. • For each decommissioning activity it's important to identify the specific group of stakeholders involved. • Some gaps were identified in the literature, as such the decommissioning cost data and control of invasive species. • More research and partnerships between the oil and gas industry and research centers is necessary to reduce the gaps [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]