Search

Surgery is a demanding field, requiring determination and emotional stability. This review explores the surgical personality, addressing international personality differences between surgical and non-surgical specialties. Across the globe, surgically-interested individuals (i.e., medical students, residents, surgeons) generally scored higher on conscientiousness, open mindedness, and extraversion, and lower on neuroticism compared to non-surgically-interested contemporaries. Extraversion was inversely correlated to burnout in surgical residents and open mindedness to reduced competence in giving feedback. Although additional region- and/or country-specific research is warranted, being or becoming a surgeon appears to correlate to personality traits such as high conscientiousness and low neuroticism. • The act of being or becoming a surgeon demands particular levels of determination and emotional stability, reflected in traits such as high conscientiousness and low neuroticism across the globe. • Societal and cultural structures can be an important factor in defining the surgical personality and its manifestation in time. • The identification of specific personality traits, placed in a socio-cultural context, can contribute to improved understanding of aptitude and wellbeing of surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Somatic Disorders (FSD) is an umbrella term for various conditions characterized by persistent and troublesome physical symptoms, that are not better explained by other psychiatric or somatic conditions. Personality traits may play a crucial role in FSD, but the link is not fully understood. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits and FSD. The review was based on the PRISMA statement, and drew data from systematic searches in PsycInfo, PubMed, and Embase. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to include eligible FSD groups and control groups and to assess FFM traits. Data were analyzed using random effects models. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses as well as meta-regression were used to explore the heterogeneity and robustness of findings. In total 6841 records were screened and 52 included. FSD cases scored higher on neuroticism (k = 46, Hedge's g = 0.72, [95 % CI, 0.61: 0.83]) and lower on extraversion (k = 31, g = −0.41, [−0.55:-0.28]) and agreeableness (k = 15, g = −0.22, [−0.36:-0.09]) than healthy/unspecified controls. FSD cases scored higher on neuroticism (k = 9, g = 0.26 [0.08:0.44]) and agreeableness (k = 4, g = 0.43 [0.28:0.59]) than somatic controls, but did not differ on extraversion (k = 6, g = −0.17 [−0.45:0.11]). No significant differences were found for conscientiousness and openness. For psychiatric controls, meta-analysis was only possible for neuroticism (k = 3,= −0.61, [−1.98:0.77]). Findings displayed significant heterogeneity but no publication bias. This review reveals significant associations between FFM traits and FSD, providing insight into the etiology, classification, and management of FSD. • First review on functional somatic disorder and five-factor personality traits. • Functional Somatic Disorder higher on neuroticism than healthy & somatic controls. • Functional Somatic Disorder lower on agreeableness than healthy controls. • Functional Somatic Disorder lower on extraversion than healthy controls. • No difference in trait score observed for openness and conscientiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice systems globally face challenges due to pervasive engagement in antisocial behaviours, suggesting that further research on the causes of antisociality is needed. Life history (LH) influences the development of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, and both variables are strong predictors of antisociality. However, no research has yet assessed their joint impact. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect effects of LH and the FFM on adult engagement in antisocial behaviours. An international sample of 490 adults (310 women, 173 men, 7 non-binary; M age = 41.19 years, SD = 1.13) responded to measurements of LH, FFM placements, and frequency of antisocial activity. Bootstrapped parallel mediation was employed to analyse the data. The findings indicated that the FFM domains of conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism fully mediated the relationship between LH and antisociality, suggesting the effect of LH is completely indirect. This study provides novel insights into an extended LH-FFM-antisociality model, which has important implications for upcoming LH research and development of programs rehabilitating adult antisociality, including the assessment and alteration of antisocial cognitive distortions and behaviour. • Novel mediation model links Life History and Big Five to antisocial behaviour. • Five Factor Model fully mediates the Life History-antisocial relationship. • Slow life history strategists value harmony, while fast resort to antisociality. • Interventions can target Big Five traits to mitigate antisocial engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance use disorder (SUD) is often considered a chronic illness in which prolonged recovery, in terms of abstinence, is uncommon. Personality has been found to predict recovery, but not much is known about its long-term predictive ability as the majority of previous studies have had short follow-up periods (≥ one year). The current longitudinal cohort study therefore investigated whether personality traits predict short- (STR) as well as long-term recovery (LTR) in SUD patients. Treatment-seeking patients with SUD (n = 123) completed the NEO Personality Inventory – Revised. STR and LTR categories were defined as scoring <8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – C and <2 on the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test – C at the one-year and 6–8-year follow-up, respectively. Whether personality traits predicted outcome was investigated by two-tailed independent samples t -tests, α < 0.05. Additional analysis was conducted with latent growth curve model. Neuroticism (inversely, p =.004, d = 0.55) and Extraversion (p =.04, d = 0.38) predicted STR (n = 114). Although not significant the effect size for Conscientiousness was above the cut-off for a practical significant effect (d = 0.31). No traits predicted LTR category. Still, the effect sizes for LTR regarding Neuroticism (d = 0.36), Extraversion (d = 0.21) and Conscientiousness (d = 0.27) indicated that these traits have relevance for LTR. The latent growth curve model indicated that these traits predicted the short-term use of drugs and long-term use of alcohol in this cohort dominated by patients suffering from severe poly-SUD. Personality traits predict recovery. The effect sizes indicate that more studies with larger samples on personality traits and LTR are required to understand their possible influences on the recovery process. • Low Neuroticism and high Extraversion predicted short-term recovery category. • No significant findings for long-term recovery category. • Effect sizes and additional analyses indicate that Neuroticism, Extraversion and Conscientiousness affects both short- and long term recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the significance of 51 asset pricing anomalies in Latin America. We examine economic significance via portfolio simulations that dilute the effect of microcaps. To avoid reporting false discoveries, we employ a multiple hypothesis testing framework. Few anomalies are economically significant. Expanding the holding periods for long-short anomaly portfolios points out to the same direction. Anomalies are seldom significant when testing for statistical significance and tend to be more prevalent in small rather than in large stocks. However, their presence is not widespread. Thus, many anomalies in the extant literature do not survive out-of-sample scrutiny in this region. [Display omitted] • We analyze the significance of 51 asset pricing anomalies in Latin America. • We dilute the effect of microcaps and employ multiple hypothesis testing. • Few anomalies are economically significant in the region. • Anomalies are seldom significant when we test for statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In psychotherapy, therapeutic alliance is an integrative factor influencing the effectiveness of treatment. This alliance depends on the bond between therapist and patient. This study investigates patient's psychological variables likely to facilitate or hamper a psychotherapeutic process. We asked 38 clinicians to assess the importance of each domain and facet of the Five-factor model (five domains and thirty facets) supposed to facilitate or hamper therapeutic alliance. Results indicate that high openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness are perceived as favourable to therapeutic alliance. Beyond these results, we preferably focus on facets of the Five-factor model to assess their relevance for the facilitation or hindrance of therapeutic alliance. According to clinicians, 17 facets are supposed to affect positively therapeutic alliance: A2 (straightforwardness), O3 (feelings), C5 (self-discipline), O5 (ideas), O6 (values), C2 (order), O1(fantasy), C1 (competence), E2 (gregariousness), E1 (warmth), A6 (tender-mindedness), N5 (impulsiveness), A3 (altruism), C4 (achievement striving), E4 (activity), N1 (anxiety) and C6 (deliberation). Thirty-eight facets were supposed to have a negative effect on therapeutic alliance: A5 (modesty), A2 (straightforwardness), A1 (trust), C3 (dutifulness), E3 (assertiveness), E1 (warmth), A4 (compliance), O3 (feelings), C4 (achievement striving), N3 (depression), A6 (tender-mindedness), O5 (ideas), A3 (altruism), E5 (excitement-seeking), N5 (impulsiveness), O2 (aesthetics), E2 (gregariousness) and O1 (fantasy). On this basis, we propose three experimental scores investigating the proneness to access therapy based on the Five-Factor Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Across 26 studies personality was found to relate to body dissatisfaction. • Neuroticism was most important for body dissatisfaction particularly among young adults. • Extraversion and conscientiousness were also found to relate to body dissatisfaction. • Effect sizes were moderated by measurement of body dissatisfaction. • All effect sizes were the same for men and women and across world regions. This research synthesis explored whether major personality dimensions relate to body dissatisfaction. A comprehensive literature search identified 26 studies (37 independent samples) that met inclusion criteria (364 effect sizes; n = 39,109). Data were analyzed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 30 individual meta-analyses provided evidence that neuroticism (r =.30), extraversion (r = –.17) and conscientiousness (r = –.16), and to a lesser extent openness (r = –.10) and agreeableness (r = –.08), relate to body dissatisfaction. Effect sizes were smaller in models that controlled for body mass index, with non-significant effects for openness and agreeableness. There was some evidence of publication bias and substantial heterogeneity in computed averages. Random effects meta-regression showed that the association between neuroticism and body dissatisfaction decreased as the sample age increased. Measurement was the most important moderator across personality dimensions, with measures of appearance evaluation and body appreciation often showing smaller associations than other measures of body dissatisfaction. Effect sizes were not moderated by sample sex or world-region. Overall, findings show that higher levels of neuroticism, and lower levels of extraversion and conscientiousness, are associated with a greater risk of body dissatisfaction in men and women irrespective of actual body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful portrayal of personality in digital characters improves communication and immersion. Current research focuses on expressing personality through modifying animations using heuristic rules or data-driven models. While studies suggest motion style highly influences the apparent personality, the role of appearance can be similarly essential. This work analyzes the influence of movement and appearance on the perceived personality of short videos altered by motion transfer networks. We label the personalities in conference video clips with a user study to determine the samples that best represent the Five-Factor model's high, neutral, and low traits. We alter these videos using the Thin-Plate Spline Motion Model, utilizing the selected samples as the source and driving inputs. We follow five different cases to study the influence of motion and appearance on personality perception. Our comparative study reveals that motion and appearance influence different factors: motion strongly affects perceived extraversion, and appearance helps convey agreeableness and neuroticism. [Display omitted] • We analyze personality expression in videos generated by motion transfer networks. • We examine the effect of motion and appearance on personality via user studies. • Motion transfer can control perceived extroversion and openness. • Different appearances can be used for expressing agreeableness and neuroticism. • We observe that altering conscientiousness is difficult in short sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality traits have been hypothesized to be clinically useful for diagnosis, client conceptualization, treatment planning, as well as for predicting treatment outcomes. Although several studies examined the relation between personality traits and specific therapy outcomes, this literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relations between personality traits and various therapeutic outcomes. Traits were organized via the domains of the five-factor model to provide a common framework for interpreting effects. Across 99 studies (N = 107, 206), overall findings indicated that traits were systematically related to outcomes, with many specific relations congruent with theorized predictions. Generally, lower levels of neuroticism and higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were associated with more favorable outcomes. More specifically, agreeableness had positive associations with therapeutic alliance and conscientiousness was positively related to abstinence from substances suggesting these traits are likely a beneficial factor to consider at the outset of services. Personality traits also related to various outcomes differently based on moderators. For example, duration of treatment moderated links between traits and outcomes suggesting these effects are amplified over longer services. Overall results suggest that personality assessment can aid with case conceptualization by suggesting potential strengths as well as barriers to treatment. • We examined the relationship between personality traits (organized via the FFM) and treatment outcomes across 99 studies • There are meaningful associations between therapeutic outcomes and personality traits congruent with theorized predictions • Neuroticism had negative associations with almost all outcomes examined • Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness had positive associations with nearly all outcomes • Results suggest assessing client personality can provide implications on potential strengths and barriers in sessions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Is idiosyncratic volatility priced? The existing literature finds conflicting results on the cross-sectional relation between expected returns and idiosyncratic volatility. This paper examines the relation between idiosyncratic volatility and expected returns in Chinese Stock Market. We find there is a significantly positive relation between idiosyncratic volatility and expected returns when we use Fama–French five-factor model to estimate idiosyncratic volatility. However, the positive relation disappears when we use GARCH (1,1) model to estimate idiosyncratic volatility. This result indicates that in Chinese Stock Market, the idiosyncratic volatility premium is just an apparent phenomenon, whether the idiosyncratic volatility matter or not depend on the way we estimate the idiosyncratic volatility. The result is robust after controlling for investors' lottery preference, investors' sentiment and other factors. Highlights • A new method is applied to estimate idiosyncratic volatility. • The idiosyncratic volatility is positively related to expected return. • Positive relation disappears when using alternate estimate method. • In China, the idiosyncratic volatility premium is just an apparent phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We examined the relations between the scales of the Next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2) and the 60-item version of the HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO-60) using self-reports from a Canadian undergraduate sample (N = 700). Results showed generally close correspondences between conceptually similar HEXACO-60 and BFI-2 scales, although HEXACO-60 Emotionality was somewhat less well accounted for by the BFI-2 scales than BFI-2 Neuroticism was accounted for by HEXACO-60 scales. However, the HEXACO-60 Honesty-Humility scale was largely unaccounted for by the BFI-2 scales. Results suggest that the BFI-2, despite its psychometric soundness, would not be suitable for use when studying individual difference variables or personality phenomena in which Honesty-Humility might be implicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study examined the relationship of personality traits with academic achievement, while controlling for cognitive ability. We considered two domains (Mathematics and English as a foreign language) and three achievement measures, capitalizing on a sample of N = 3637 students in upper secondary education (year 13, age M = 19.92 years) in Germany. First, we aimed to replicate previous results on grades and test scores. Second, we aimed to extend the body of research by adding final examinations—a school-based performance test—as a third measure. Our findings indicate an incremental predictive validity of personality traits for domain-specific academic achievement beyond cognitive ability. Conscientiousness predicted grades and final exams in both domains. Results for test scores were domain-specific: conscientiousness predicted mathematics test score, whereas openness was associated with English test score. Relationships with personality traits varied depending on the domain, the measure used, and the covariates included in the model. Highlights • We investigated the association of personality traits with academic achievement in upper secondary education. • We considered two domains and three different achievement measures. • We found that conscientiousness was related to grades and final exams in both domains. • Associations with personality traits depend on domains, and on the measures and covariates used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study sought to determine the evaluation of current and pre-morbid depressive vulnerability dimensions in Alzheimer's disease. Sidney Blatt´s personality developmental perspective, the Five-Factor model and Axis II personality disorders were taken as references.Methods: The study was conducted with two groups which were assessed using the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, the NEO-FFI and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+, in the form of individual interview sessions. Current personality measure: Alzheimer's disease Group, consisting of 44 female participants (MAge = 81.36 years); Pre-morbid personality measure: Alzheimer's disease Group Informants (n = 40).Results: Self-Criticism personality vulnerability is a general indicator of psychopathology. In pre-morbidity, Neuroticism (β = 0.41), Agreeableness (β = -0.63) and Conscientiousness (β = -0.08) predicted Self-Criticism, explaining 64% of the variance; additionally, Self-Criticism (β = 0.72) and Neediness (β = 2.05) predicted the PDQ-4+ total, explaining 58% of the variance. In terms of current personality, the PDQ-4+ total was predicted by Self-Criticism (β = 0.55), explaining 30% of the variance.Limitations: The small size of the samples, especially since it is difficult to access individuals diagnosed with AD at the onset or in its early stages; measuring personality changes by means of retrospective assessment by proxies may have introduced some memory bias.Conclusions: These findings are relevant to research relating depressive vulnerability to personality traits and psychopathology in Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives The current manuscript describes two studies that examined the relationship between athletes' big five personality characteristics and their occupancy of informal roles as identified by self-nominations and teammate-nominations. Design A cross-sectional design was used to collect data on athlete personality and informal role occupancy. Method Data were collected from 340 French athletes (Study 1) and 195 Canadian athletes (Study 2). In both studies, MANOVA were conducted to compare the personality scores of self-identified role occupants vs. non-role occupants. In Study 2, multiple linear regression analyses were also conducted to assess whether athletes' personality characteristics predicted the degree to which they were identified by their teammates as role occupants. Results Across the studies and role identification methods (i.e., based on self- and teammate-nominations), team comedians appeared to be more extraverted and team distracters appeared to be less conscientious. Those viewed as the team mentors tended to be more emotionally stable, and those viewed as the team star players were less agreeable. Verbal and non-verbal informal leadership roles showed mixed associations with athlete personality characteristics. Openness to experience did not relate to informal role occupancy, and the occupancy of the team spark plug, enforcer, team player, social convener, cancer, and malingerer roles did not relate to athletes' big five personality characteristics. Conclusions The current studies provide the first quantitative evidence that supports the theoretical propositions that athlete personality may underpin the processes by which athletes come to occupy informal roles on their teams. Highlights • Data were collected from French (Study 1) and Canadian (Study 2) athletes. • Occupancy of several informal roles was related to athletes' personality. • Team comedians were more extraverted and distracters were less conscientious. • Those viewed as the team mentors by teammates self-reported higher emotional stability. • Those viewed as the team star players by teammates were less agreeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate how the Fama and French three-, four-, and five-factor models perform in emerging markets. We find that the four- and five-factor models perform better than the three-factor model in most of our tests. We note that the value factor seems to be somewhat redundant in the presence of profitability and investment factors. We find clear evidence of size effects in average stock excess returns, little evidence of value and profitability effects, and some investment effects. Finally, the local factors perform better than the US and global factors do, showing evidence of emerging market segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent profile analysis (LPA) has been presented as an effective tool to model interactions between the dimensions of personality. LPA models personality typologies to reflect the hierarchical nature of the personality construct, which can then be used to make further inferences in applied research. This approach may also address consistent modeling concerns in personality research related to lack of model fit in structural equation modeling analyses. However, further research is needed to support the use of LPA in personality research, including a need for consensus on the nature of function of the resulting personality profiles. The present study uses data from a sample of high school students ( n = 374) on an IPIP five-factor inventory to exemplify the use of LPA in personality research and continue the discussion around the benefits and challenges associated with this approach. The resulting three-profile solution in the present study agrees with a prior study, but does not align with some studies that identified a five-profile solution. Suggestions are offered as to why these two different personality typology models may have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the developmental trajectory of the ostracism of freshman and the role of the Five-Factor Model traits during the transition to college. A total of 977 freshmen (270 males, 707 females) from a college in Guizhou Province, China, were followed up once a month for a total of 4 assessments. The unconditional latent growth model showed that the ostracism of freshmen declined linearly during the transition to college. The conditional latent growth model showed that neuroticism significantly positively predicted the intercept and slope of ostracism. Agreeableness, extraversion and openness significantly negatively predicted the intercept of ostracism, while conscientiousness did not predict the intercept. Agreeableness and conscientiousness negatively predicted the slope of ostracism, while extraversion and openness had no predictive effects. Overall, the unconditional latent growth model provides the first empirical support for the changes in ostracism proposed in the temporal need-threat model and the integrated model of workplace ostracism. Additionally, this study is the first to explore the role of Five-Factor Model traits in the dynamics of ostracism. • Ostracism decreased linearly across 4 waves during the transition to college. • Lower neuroticism predicted a lower initial level of ostracism. • Lower neuroticism predicted a steeper decline in ostracism. • High agreeableness, extraversion, and openness reduced the initial ostracism. • Higher conscientiousness and agreeableness predicted steeper declines in ostracism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The application of artificial intelligence to extract predictors of Gambling disorder (GD) is a new field of study. A plethora of studies have suggested that maladaptive personality dispositions may serve as risk factors for GD. New method Here, we used Classification and Regression Trees algorithm to identify multivariate predictive patterns of personality profiles that could identify GD patients from healthy controls at an individual level. Forty psychiatric patients, recruited from specialized gambling clinics, without any additional comorbidity and 160 matched healthy controls completed the Five-Factor model of personality as measured by the NEO-PI-R, which were used to build the classification model. Results Classification algorithm was able to discriminate individuals with GD from controls with an AUC of 77.3% (95% CI 0.65–0.88, p < 0.0001). A multidimensional construct of traits including sub-facets of openness, neuroticism and conscientiousness was employed by algorithm for classification detection. Comparison with existing method(s) To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that combines behavioral data with machine learning approach useful to extract multidimensional features characterizing GD realm. Conclusion Our study provides a proof-of-concept demonstrating the potential of the proposed approach for GD diagnosis. The multivariate combination of personality facets characterizing individuals with GD can potentially be used to assess subjects’ vulnerability in clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study critically evaluated several assumptions related to Type D personality within the context of predicting health-related variables. Specifically, it compared categorical with continuous representations of Type D personality, assessed evidence for interactive effects of the Type D subscales (negative affectivity and social inhibition), and compared the predictive validity of Type D personality with the Big Five. Healthy adults (n = 224) completed the DS14 and the NEO-PI-R, as well as measures of health behaviors, social support, physical symptoms, and psychological symptoms. Categorical Type D had much poorer prediction than the continuous subscales of social inhibition and negative affectivity, and there was no interaction between the subscales. While negative affectivity and social inhibition were effective at predicting health-related variables, the prediction was equivalent to that achieved by neuroticism and extraversion. Conscientiousness was found to be an important predictor that was missing from Type D. There are reasons to prefer the use of the Big Five over Type D personality when the aim is to predict health-related variables. Where the DS14 is used, it is recommended to also include a measure of conscientiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the psychometric properties of the Estonian short version of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC), a measure for assessing children's personality traits according to the five-factor model. Personality traits of 2009 Estonian kindergarten and elementary school children (982 boys and 1027 girls) ranging from 2 to 11 years were rated by their primary caregivers. 1087 children were assessed twice, with about a 2-year interval. At the second time, parents additionally completed the Estonian Brief Big Five Inventory (EBBFI). The domain scales of the Estonian HiPIC demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with alphas ranging from 0.73 to 0.84. Test-retest correlations over two years were moderate to high, ranging from 0.57 to 0.69 for domain scales. Factor congruence between the Estonian and the original Flemish version increased as children grew older. Convergent correlations of HiPIC and EBFFI ranged from 0.63 to 0.79 demonstrating a high level of correspondence between the two measures. Analyses of longitudinal changes and cross-sectional differences in mean levels revealed an increase in Benevolence and decreases in Extraversion and Emotional Stability with age. Thus, the Estonian version provided further support for the validity and reliability of the HiPIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “big five” taxonomy, also called the five factor model, is a framework for personality that is ubiquitous in the literature of psychology. This organization is composed of five personality domains, Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Conscientiousness (C), Openness to Experience (O), and Agreeableness (A). The accepted, but largely unexamined, assumption is that these personality domains are traits with dimensional latent structures. We carried out taxometric analyses on the five core domain because there have been no comprehensive latent structural analyses of all five and because the practice of discretizing continuous “big five” data is not uncommon. Data were from three large ( Ns = 857, 1280, and 9935) undergraduate and community samples that competed one of three different measures of the “big five” (BFI, NEO PI-R, or Big Five Factor Inventory). Generally, results supported dimensional latent structures for each of the five domains and were largely convergent across measures and samples. We discuss the importance of empirically validating the underlying structure of these personality traits and the implications and importance that our findings have for personality and psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prototypes of personality traits derived from the Five-Factor Model of personality were developed using Latent Profile Analysis. Trait configurations and predictive outcomes suggested the appropriateness of a four-profile solution over the commonly identified three-profile solution. However, comparisons of model fit and predictive ability with previous investigations suggest that the profiles presently developed are less precise than those using the alternative Six-Factor Model of personality. Accordingly, results indicate that the additional trait within the Six-Factor Model provides critical information in profile development. The authors argue that, regardless of whether the Five-Factor or Six-Factor Model of personality is used, the four-profile solution reflects a comprehensive framework for describing coherent and theoretically meaningful profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to investigate the associations between the Five-Factor Model (FFM)'s traits and loneliness among Norwegian university/college students. Sample 1 consisted of students who participated in a national, Norwegian survey in 2014 (N = 13,035), while Sample 2 consisted of students who participated in a regional survey in Bergen, Norway in 2016 (N = 4338). Linear regression analyses were conducted, with the FFM's traits as independent variables and overall loneliness, social loneliness, and emotional loneliness as dependent variables. Two-way interactions between the traits were investigated. In the crude analyses, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were inversely associated with the different loneliness constructs while neuroticism was positively associated. Of the different traits, extraversion and neuroticism had the strongest associations to loneliness. Extraversion and agreeableness were more strongly associated with social compared to emotional loneliness. Neuroticism was more strongly associated with social compared to emotional loneliness in Sample 1 and more strongly associated with emotional compared to social loneliness in Sample 2. Several interaction effects between traits were statistically significant, but none were above a predefined cut-off for meaningful effect. Future research on personality traits and loneliness should aim to delineate the mechanisms and causality of the relationships. • The study investigated personality traits and loneliness among Norwegian students. • Extroversion and neuroticism had the strongest association with loneliness. • Some traits had a different relationship with social versus emotional loneliness. • Several interaction effects between traits were statistically significant. • No interaction effect between traits were above a cut-off for meaningful effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the outbreak of COVID-19, E-commerce lives streaming (ELS) has become popular as a marketing tool to reduce spatial restrictions and control the spread. However, there are concerns about the hesitance to pay after purchasing through ELS. This study examined the psychological factors from a consumer's perspective on reluctance to pay at the end of a hotel reservation through ELS. The conceptual framework of the study integrates the concepts of the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework in conjunction with the Five-Factor Model (Big Five). Data were collected from 401 online questionnaires collected by users with no more than three months of ELS experience and causal relationships were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The study found that promotion (PROM), Content Quality (CTQ) and Content Valence (CTV) played a crucial role in driving viewer interest in booking through hotel live-streaming (HLS). Viewers with the Extraversion personality type (EXT) show interest in booking accommodations through the hotel e-commerce live streaming platform. Financial and privacy concerns influence the assessment of payment options. In addition, finances and dissatisfaction are essential factors that encourage viewers to hesitate to pay after booking. This study is crucial for applying ELS in the tourism and hospitality industry to create new travel experiences post-COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conscientiousness predicts doctoral students research productivity. • Conscientiousness predicts doctoral students co-authoring with the supervisors. • The effect of conscientiousness is similar over the research areas. The effect of personality on doctoral students' research productivity is understudied in the literature. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the personality trait conscientiousness and research productivity among doctoral students. The study is based on a nation-wide data set consisting of 1173 doctoral students in Sweden. Two hypothesis was formulated: (1) Conscientiousness predicts doctoral students research productivity; and (2) Conscientiousness predicts doctoral students co-authoring with the supervisors. It was also asked how the relationship between conscientiousness and research productivity/co-authoring with supervisors differ between research areas. Results supported hypothesis 1 and 2. The main conclusions are that doctoral students with higher conscientiousness co-author more with their supervisors, are more productive during doctoral studies, and that overall the effect of conscientiousness is similar over the research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have investigated how the three Dark Triad constructs (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) relate to the Five-Factor Model (FFM) in order to understand the underlying traits and relationships of these constructs. The current study investigated the relationships between Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy with the FFM facets. The three Dark Triad (DT) constructs were strongly correlated with all facets of low agreeableness and with the neuroticism facet angry hostility. There was significant overlap in the relationships of psychopathy and Machiavellianism with the FFM facets overall. Additionally, the DT constructs were investigated in relation to three types of workplace behaviors (i.e., counterproductive, citizenship, and unethical), with results indicating strong relationships for all three DT constructs with counterproductive and unethical workplace behaviors. Overall, the findings suggest that the Machiavellianism measures used strongly correlate with psychopathy and therefore may not assess a unique construct. Future studies should continue to investigate how these constructs may be overlapping and/or how measures of Machiavellianism may not be adequately assessing the full construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many treatments for eating disorders (ED) have demonstrated success. However, not all patients respond the same to interventions nor achieve full recovery, and obvious candidates like ED diagnosis and symptoms have generally failed to explain this variability. The current study investigated the predictive utility of personality for outcome in ED treatment. One hundred and thirty adult patients with bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified enrolled in an intensive multimodal treatment for 16 weeks. Personality was assessed with the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R). Outcome was defined as recovered versus still ill and also as symptom score at termination with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). Personality significantly predicted both recovery (70% of patients) and symptom improvement. Patients who recovered reported significantly higher levels of Extraversion at baseline than the still ill, and Assertiveness emerged as the personality trait best predicting variance in outcome. This study indicates that personality might hold promise as predictor of recovery after treatment for ED. Future research might investigate if adding interventions to address personality features improves outcome for ED patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexual minority young adults experience elevated rates of distal stress (discrimination, victimization), and related psychological distress and alcohol misuse. However, few studies have examined the degree to which personality trait differences confer risk/resilience among sexual minority young adults. We hypothesized that psychological distress would mediate the relationship between distal stress and alcohol misuse, but that these relationships would be moderated by personality trait differences.Method: Sexual minority young adults (N=412) were recruited nationally. Survey measures included demographic questions, minority stressors, Five Factor personality traits, and current psychological distress and alcohol misuse symptoms. We used a data-driven two-stage cluster analytic technique to empirically derive personality trait profiles, and conducted mediation and moderated mediation analyses using a regression-based approach.Results: Our results supported a two-group personality profile solution. Relative to at-risk individuals, those classified as adaptive scored lower on neuroticism, and higher on agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. As predicted, psychological distress mediated the relationship between distal stress and alcohol misuse. However, personality moderated these relationships to the degree that they did not exist among individuals classified as adaptive.Discussion: In the current study, we found that personality moderated the established relationships between distal stress, psychological distress, and alcohol misuse among sexual minority young adults. Future research is needed to further explicate these relationships, and in order to develop tailored interventions for sexual minority young adults at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Current measures of psychopathy are limited in a number of ways, including length, administration methods, and reliance on history of antisocial behavior. Both the full and short forms of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment (EPA) have demonstrated convergent validity and strong relations to other psychopathy measures and external criteria empirically associated with psychopathy. Methods In order to create an even briefer version of the EPA-SF, the EPA was administered to two separate undergraduate samples (n = 907 and n = 787) and a smaller sample of male prison inmates (n = 77) along with widely used measures of psychopathy and measures of Big Five personality traits and antisocial behavior. Results Eighteen items (one per EPA subscale) were chosen to comprise the final “super-short” form. Exploratory factor analyses performed at the item level showed a three-factor solution (Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Emotional Stability). The factor scales and total score of the EPA super-short form demonstrated strong relations to other psychopathy measures and external criteria associated with psychopathy. Conclusions The EPA super-short form could be a promising alternative to other psychopathy measures currently used in criminology due to its brevity and basis in an empirically validated personality model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job applicants often are deceitful in their responses to consequential personality tests. The Perceived Ability to Deceive scale (PATD; Schneider & Goffin, 2012) was developed to assess an individual difference that may be an important antecedent of job applicants' tendency to fake their responses to personality tests. Research has generally supported the construct validity of the PATD and its capacity for predicting an important, deceit-related behavior, Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). However, concerns have been raised that the predictiveness of faking-related measures such as the PATD may be due to their overlap with General Mental Ability (GMA), rather than their own unique variance. In a sample of 198 individuals with work experience, we showed that the PATD is distinct from GMA, and predictive of CWB, even when GMA is accounted for. Incremental prediction of CWB beyond CWB-related personality traits was also found to occur even when GMA was accounted for. The relevance of these findings to the theoretical process underlying job applicant faking behavior is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has documented associations between prejudice and agreeableness, as well as openness to experience, from the five-factor model (FFM). Still, empathy/altruism and narcissism/honesty-humility are related traits and also potent predictors of prejudice. Thus, we examined whether there is an association between prejudice and agreeableness, as a global trait, or if the correlations depend on facets that are part of the broader FFM factor, but belong to other dimensions in the HEXACO model. We further analyzed how well the documented relations of agreeableness on prejudice hold up when entered alongside empathy/altruism and honesty-humility within the HEXACO framework. Results from Sweden and the United States showed that only FFM agreeableness, and not the HEXACO counterpart, correlates with an index of prejudice (racism and sexism). Furthermore, the negative relations of FFM agreeableness were absent or reversed in regression analyses with the other HEXACO predictors. Instead, we found negative effects of honesty-humility and empathy/altruism on prejudice. Thus, the effect of agreeableness on prejudice is directly contingent on its definition in relation to honesty-humility and empathy/altruism. In conclusion, we found little evidence of an association between a global agreeableness trait and prejudice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with a variety of medical and psychopathological conditions. This study investigated whether elevated SUA is associated with the Five Factor Model of personality. Participants underwent a health examination at two points of time, T1 (N = 3706) and T2 (N = 2104), about 18 months apart. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were used to examine the concurrent and over-18-month associations between the FFM factors and SUA levels. Extraversion was associated with elevated SUA at T1 and T2. Conscientiousness was associated with decreased SUA at T1. The associations of Extraversion and Conscientiousness with SUA decreased to marginal significance when adjusted for body weight as a possible mediator. Agreeableness was associated with decreased SUA at T1 and T2 and persisted after adjustment for covariates. A secondary analysis conducted to examine whether the FFM could predict individuals having above normal SUA levels, showed a trend similar to that observed for the OLS regressions. The associations found have direct relevance to medical and psychopathological conditions associated with elevated SUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study makes one of the first attempts to integrate personality, coping and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community members. Specifically, active (i.e., seeking social support, stopping unpleasant emotions, problem-focused coping/solving, and education/advocacy) and passive (i.e., internalization, substance use, and detachment) coping styles were hypothesized to mediate the association of personality traits and mental health symptoms (i.e., depressive, anxiety and general distress symptoms). Participants consisted of 336 LGB outpatients from an urban community health clinic in the southwestern United States. Results demonstrated that: (1) passive coping mediated the relationship between Neuroticism and mental health symptoms, (2) both active and passive coping mediated the extraversion-mental health symptoms association, and (3) significant mediation emerged via active coping for the association of conscientiousness and mental health symptoms. Implications are discussed for clinical practice with LGB persons, and the integration of personality, coping and mental health theory and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personality is one of important factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia because it affects patients’ symptoms, cognition and social functioning. Several studies have reported specific personality traits in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects. However, the results were inconsistent among studies. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) measures five personality traits: Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C). Here, we performed a meta-analysis of these personality traits assessed by the NEO-FFI in 460 patients with schizophrenia and 486 healthy subjects from the published literature and investigated possible associations between schizophrenia and these traits. There was no publication bias for any traits. Because we found evidence of significant heterogeneity in all traits among the studies, we applied a random-effect model to perform the meta-analysis. Patients with schizophrenia showed a higher score for N and lower scores for E, O, A and C compared with healthy subjects. The effect sizes of these personality traits ranged from moderate to large. These differences were not affected by possible moderator factors, such as gender distribution and mean age in each study, expect for gender effect for A. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have a different personality profile compared with healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have demonstrated that religiosity is associated with specific personality traits, such as high Agreeableness/Conscientiousness or low Psychoticism. However, this evidence emerged by investigating active churchgoers with high religious practice or clerical individuals using Eysenck's taxonomy. This study explores, for the first time, personality profiles in Priests ordained by the Roman Catholic Church (N = 200) using the Five-Factor Model of personality in an Italian population. Priests were compared with demographically matched non-clerical with high religious practices (HRP, N = 301) and non-religious men (NR, N = 213). Analysis of variance demonstrated that both Priests and HPR men shared similar personality traits, such as higher Agreeableness, lower Extraversion–excitement seeking and Openness, with respect to NR. However, Priests have distinct traits, such as the highest values of Agreeableness and the lowest Neuroticism sub-facets of angry hostility and impulsiveness, in comparison with other groups. Finally, although high Conscientiousness characterized both the Priest and HRP groups, surprisingly, we found that this psychological trait was only more evident in the latter group. Differences in religious order would seem to influence this trait. This study demonstrates that Priests' personality differ from those of HRP men, although some important personality (sub-) facets are similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While mattering to others is regarded as an essential element of personal adjustment, relatively little is known about the developmental origins and psychosocial correlates of mattering. The current research examined the extent to which a reported history of childhood maltreatment contributed to feelings of not mattering to others. We also examined the associations between mattering and measures of psychosocial adjustment (i.e., loneliness and social anxiety) and whether low perceived mattering was associated with these indices of adjustment after controlling for variance attributable to the broad personality traits comprising the five-factor model. A sample of 232 university students completed a general mattering measure and scales tapping childhood maltreatment, the five-factor model, loneliness, and social anxiety. As expected, mattering was associated negatively with reports of emotional maltreatment and emotional neglect with the strongest association being with emotional neglect. Additionally, low mattering was associated with loneliness and social anxiety and these findings held after taking into account the clear links that reduced mattering had with low extraversion and high neuroticism. We also showed that mattering mediates the links that maltreatment has with both loneliness and social phobia. The results illustrate the interpersonal antecedents and correlates of feeling insignificant and unimportant to other people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video Games technology has rapidly increased in the last decade with increasing number of users. Players information becomes very important to the researchers in order to measure the impact of these Video Games on the players behaviors. First Person Shooter (FPS) game is considered one of the most attractive game, which make it a realistic environment to measure the players behaviors, emotions and interests. In this paper, we developed a custom First Person Shooter game called "The Protector" in order to study the impact of Video Games on the players' personalities. The game was published in the Google Play Store in order to collect custom data from users in uncontrolled environments. The data was collected based on Five-Factor Model (FFM) for personality traits, which is considered one of the most well-known model in this field. Thousands of real user's data were collected using our published game. Then, different machine learning techniques have been used for the purpose of the personality classification and prediction. We used the classification task in order to automatically classify the possessing level of the players traits based on their data. We have used the prediction task in order to predict the player performance and behaviors in the future rounds. It is shown that the ANN algorithm provides the best accuracy of 98.6% over the other used algorithms in the classification task. While the SVR and KNNR provide the lowest error rate over the other used algorithms in the prediction task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia symptoms is the most common multiple-factor model used in analyses; its use may improve evaluation of symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Plasma monoamine metabolite levels are possible indicators of clinical symptoms or response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia. We investigated the association between five-factor model components and plasma monoamine metabolites levels to explore the model's biological basis. Plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography in 65 Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Significant negative correlation between plasma 5-HIAA levels and the depression/anxiety component was found. Furthermore, significant positive correlation was found between plasma MHPG levels and the excitement component. Plasma HVA levels were not correlated with any five-factor model component. These results suggest that the five-factor model of the PANSS may have a biological basis, and may be useful for elucidating the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Assessment using the five-factor model may enable understanding of monoaminergic dysfunction, possibly allowing more appropriate medication selection. Further studies of a larger number of first-episode schizophrenia patients are needed to confirm and extend these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent literature evidences differential associations of personal and general just-world beliefs with constructs in the interpersonal domain. In line with this research, we examine the respective relationships of each just-world belief with the Five-Factor and the HEXACO models of personality in one representative sample of the working population of Switzerland and one sample of the general US population, respectively. One suppressor effect was observed in both samples: Neuroticism and emotionality were positively associated with general just-world belief, but only after controlling for personal just-world belief. In addition, agreeableness was positively and honesty–humility negatively associated with general just-world belief but unrelated to personal just-world belief. Conscientiousness was consistently unrelated to any of the just-world belief and extraversion and openness to experience revealed unstable coefficients across studies. We discuss these points in light of just-world theory and their implications for future research taking both dimensions into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to analyse hardiness as a moderator variable among personality traits, assessed using the Big-Five or Five Factor Model (FFM) and responses in work effort of workers confronted with stress. Using a multi-occupational sample of 403 subjects, statistically significant correlations between the factors of the FFM and work effort were found, as well as between hardiness and effort, as predicted by the theoretical model. Finally, empirical evidence indicates that hardiness performs a moderating role between the factors of FFM and effort displayed, in the sense that hardiness (understood as a quantitative variable) affects the intensity of the relationship between the structure of personality (predictor variable) and work effort (criterion variable), that is, even taking into account that personality structure affects work effort, people who score high in hardiness will show more effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cross-Cultural Personality Assessment Inventory-2 (CPAI-2) was developed as an alternative instrument to measure personality in Asian cultures based on the argument that available instruments are largely based on the Five Factor Model of personality and may not adequately assess personality in Asian cultures. Research on the CPAI-2 was extended to non-Asian particularly Western cultures but not to African cultures. In this study a sample of 425 South African university students completed both the CPAI-2 and the NEO-PI-R to consider the utility of the CPAI-2 and the four factor model in which the instrument is located in an African context. The results were did not provide conclusive support for the four factor model as conceptualised in the CPAI-2. Support for the five factors of the FFM was evident but the results from both the four and five factor models indicated empirical support for a social relational aspect of personality. Based on these results, this paper argues for the necessity of incorporating social relational elements into the existing FFM and reflects on work done in the South African context which can inform this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing more about the personality of smokers may help to increase the effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments and can contribute to relapse prevention. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of 30 specific facets of the Five-Factor Model of personality on the outcomes at the end of treatment and at 12-month follow-up, in a sample of 281 smokers seeking psychological treatment to stop smoking. Personality facets were assessed with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Results showed that nicotine dependence and several facets of personality (Self-discipline, Depression, Aesthetics, Trust, and Modesty) contribute to explain short- and long-term outcomes after smoking cessation. These findings support the need of integrate information about individual smoker’s personality facets into smoking cessation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the present research was to study the prospective relationships of the five-factor model of personality and the internalizing and externalizing suprafactors of psychopathology. A sample of 323 young adults completed the NEO-FFI at Time 1 and different scales of symptoms 5 years later. Neuroticism prospectively predicted the internalizing factor, while extraversion, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness predicted the externalizing factor. We found additional paths between introversion and social phobia symptoms, and between low agreeableness and psychopathy symptoms. These relationships remained significant, even when controlling for previous symptoms, except for extraversion. Gender had no moderation effect on the interrelationship between personality and psychopathology factors. The present study extends previous research about personality and psychopathology, and suggests different ways in which they can be related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) represents a common comorbidity in schizophrenia, but questions remain regarding how this comorbidity is related to symptomatology and self-perceptions. Forty-two patients with recent-onset schizophrenia were evaluated for SAD, and assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), as well as the Social Comparison Scale (SCS), which assessed how participants perceived themselves in relation with others (i.e. social rank). Eighteen patients met criteria for SAD (SZ+) while 24 patients did not (SZ−). Analysis of symptoms using a five-factor model of the PANSS revealed that the SZ− group had more severe symptoms than SZ+ on the Cognitive/Disorganization factor. Further analyses of individual symptoms demonstrated that the SZ− group was more affected in attention, abstract thinking, and cognitive disorganization (Cognitive/Disorganization symptoms), while the SZ+ group was more severely affected in anxiety, suspiciousness/persecution, and active social avoidance. Interestingly, severity of social anxiety symptom ratings correlated with certain PANSS symptoms only in the SZ− group. Perception of social rank, which was reduced in SZ+, displayed a trend level correlation with the positive symptoms in SZ−. Overall, the results suggest that SZ+ and SZ− may have different clinical profiles that could be important to consider when tailoring treatments for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Drug addictions are debilitating disorders that are highly associated with personality abnormalities. Early life stress (ELS) is a common risk factor for addiction and personality disturbances, but the relationships between ELS, addiction, and personality are poorly understood. Methods Ninety-five research participants were assessed for and grouped by ELS history and cocaine dependence. NEO-FFI personality measures were compared between the groups to define ELS- and addiction-related differences in personality traits. ELS and cocaine dependence were then examined as predictors of personality trait scores. Finally, k-means clustering was used to uncover clusters of personality trait configurations within the sample. Odds of cluster membership across subject groups was then determined. Results Trait expression differed significantly across subject groups. Cocaine-dependent subjects with a history of ELS (cocaine+/ELS+) displayed the greatest deviations in normative personality. Cocaine dependence significantly predicted four traits, while ELS predicted neuroticism and agreeableness; there was no interaction effect between ELS and cocaine dependence. The cluster analysis identified four distinct personality profiles: Open, Gregarious, Dysphoric, and Closed. Distribution of these profiles across subject groups differed significantly. Inclusion in cocaine+/ELS+, cocaine-/ELS+, and cocaine-/ELS- groups significantly increased the odds of expressing the Dysphoric, Open and Gregarious profiles, respectively. Conclusions Cocaine dependence and early life stress were significantly and differentially associated with altered expression of individual personality traits and their aggregation as personality profiles, suggesting that individuals who are at-risk for developing addictions due to ELS exposure may benefit from personality centered approaches as an early intervention and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although prior research has established that eating behaviors are related to both the Big Five personality traits and time-of-day preference, no research has directly examined if time-of-day preference mediates personality differences in eating behavior. We directly tested this model by assessing participants’ ( N = 279) Big Five personality traits, time-of-day preference, and three-factors of eating (i.e., restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) using validated questionnaires. Mediation analyses revealed that time-of-day preference partially mediated the relationship between the personality factors (conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion) and eating behavior, primarily uncontrolled eating. These results indicate that time-of-day preference, in part, accounts for personality differences in eating behavior. This emphasizes the need to assess time-of-day preference when examining the relationship between personality and health-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the influence of affect on impulse buying has to date produced contradictory results, partly due to confusion between the potentially discrete influences of, respectively, state and trait affect. Additionally, studies on how the five-factor personality model’s dimensions influence impulse buying have also produced contradictory results. Moreover, while the established link between trait affect and personality suggests dimensions of this latter could account for whatever influence the former has on impulse buying, no study has yet attempted to examine this possibility. We draw on self-regulation theory to examine three unanswered questions: (1) the extent to which trait affect influences impulse buying whilst controlling for state affect; (2) establish which dimensions of the five-factor personality model predict impulse buying; and (3) test whether or not any influence of trait affect on impulse buying is additive to the effects of the five-factor personality model. Analyses of cross-sectional data ( n = 842) find that trait affect does have a significant ( p < .05) influence on impulse buying controlling for state affect, but that this influence is fully accounted for by the five-factor personality model ( p < .001), the extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism dimensions of which are found consistently to predict impulse buying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research proposes an Italian version of the BFI-10 scale by Rammstedt and John (2007), which was originally developed in both English and German. The results on convergent and concurrent validity confirmed the scale as an effective means for assessing personality dimensions in a limited amount of time. This paper also presents and discusses an application of the scale in the marketing field that shows how the developed scale relates to consumers’ tendency towards hedonic and/or utilitarian shopping values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has demonstrated an inconsistent relationship between suicide ideation and personality traits. This is the first study to empirically examine the relationship of the Five Factor Model of personality with current, past and no suicide ideation, and with the two interpersonal risk factors of suicide: thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (Joiner, T., 2005. Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press). Results indicate that high neuroticism was associated with both current ideation and a history of suicide ideation and extraversion was associated with current ideation. Neuroticism was positively related to thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, while extraversion was negatively related to these interpersonal predictors of suicide. Agreeableness was negatively related to thwarted belongingness but not perceived burdensomeness, indicating differentiated patterns of relationships between this personality domain and the two suicide constructs. Furthermore, these personality domains predicted 23.82% of variance for thwarted belongingness and 15.07% of the variance for perceived burdensomeness, above and beyond demographic variables associated with suicide ideation. This study, which was conducted with a college sample, demonstrates the potential benefit of identifying predispositional risk factors for suicide ideation and interpersonal predictors of suicide. This may have implications for the development of upstream preventative measures against suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the construct validity of the RiTE as a multidimensional measure of spirituality in relation to the five-factor model of personality in a sample of 325 college students. Results of correlational and regression analyses provided support for the notion that the dimensions of ritualistic, theistic, and existential spirituality tapped by the RiTE, are empirically distinguishable. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the construct validity of the RiTE and for the potential value of measuring spirituality as a multidimensional phenomenon in the study of religious processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]