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Firms compete for clients, creating distributions of market shares ranging from domination by a few giant companies to markets in which there are many small firms. These market structures evolve in time, and may remain stable for many years before a new firm emerges and rapidly obtains a large market share. We seek the simplest realistic model giving rise to such diverse market structures and dynamics. We focus on markets in which every client adopts a single firm, and can, from time to time, switch to a different firm. Examples include markets of cell phone and Internet service providers, and of consumer products with strong brand identification. In the model, the size of a particular firm, labelled i , is equal to its current number of clients, n i. In every step of the simulation, a client is chosen at random, and then selects a firm from among the full set of firms with probability p i = (n i α + β) / K , where K is the normalization factor. Our model thus has two parameters: α represents the degree to which firm size is an advantage (α > 1) or disadvantage (α < 1), relative to strict proportionality to size (α = 1), and β represents the degree to which small firms are viable despite their small size. We postulate that α and β are determined by the regulatory, technology, business culture and social environments. The model exhibits a phase diagram in the parameter space, with different regions of behaviour. At the large α extreme of the phase diagram, a single dominant firm emerges, whose market share depends on the value of β. At the small α extreme, many firms with small market shares coexist, and no dominant firm emerges. In the intermediate region, markets are divided among a relatively small number of firms, each with sizeable market share but with distinct rankings, which can persist for long times before changing. We compare the model results to previously published empirical data from a broad range of Japanese industries, and find good agreement with a central statistical result relating the standard deviation of market share changes to the value of the market share before the change. • Two-parameter model of market structure evolution based on client switching. • Each individual client has a single firm, and can change firms from time to time. • Produces full range of market concentrations, from monopoly to many small firms. • Model results are consistent with empirical data from range of Japanese markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of real-world greenhouse gas emission rates for traffic is necessary for forecasting transport greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents greenhouse gas emission rates that assist forecasting and modelling greenhouse gas emissions from light vehicles, i.e. private passenger vehicles and light commercial vehicles under realistic traffic conditions. It develops confidence intervals for market shares by categories for fuel or energy efficiency on the Australian market for new light vehicles for the period 2016–2030. The model estimates realistic market scenarios by simulating likely variations of capital and running costs of alternatives for car buyers and by considering buyers’ willingness-to-pay for fuel/energy efficiency. The results suggest that market forces will be insufficient to promote battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in Australia. On average the widths of the 95% confidence intervals for greenhouse emission rates are about 10–15% of the magnitudes of the emission rates, so that analysts can forecast transport greenhouse gas emissions with a reasonable level of certainty. The study suggests that policy interventions to accelerate the uptake of low or zero emitting vehicles may be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the liberalization process of the Moroccan mobile market since the beginning of the 21 st century. Our database ranges from 2004 to the end of 2020. First, operators' market shares are presented and analysed. Second, we build concentration indexes and other indicators of competitiveness. Finally, we conduct an econometric analysis to determine the extent to which regulatory measures, privatization, market structure and the population dimension determine market shares. Overall, we can argue that, although concentration remains high, the market has become more competitive since the liberalization process began. The statistical analysis and the econometric assessment show that the entrance of the third operator made the market more competitive. Indeed, there is evidence that operator companies competed to capture customers from each other during the period under study. These features suggest that mobile operators did not follow anticompetitive practices in order to restrain competition. • We analyse the liberalization process of the Moroccan mobile market. • Data ranges from 2004 to the end of 2020. • Operators' market shares and their determinants are statistical analyzed. • Although concentration remains high, the market has become more competitive. • It seems that mobile operators did not follow anticompetitive practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The evolution of market concentration in high technology saturated markets with a dominant player is dynamically estimated, based on concepts of population biology. The mathematical description was performed using the Lotka–Volterra model and the corresponding parameters were estimated by genetic algorithms. The proposed methodology shows itself capable of estimating market equilibrium and market concentration, the latter expressed by corresponding market shares. Evaluation of the presented methodology in the area of fixed lines telecommunications market led to accurate results, as compared to historical data, in a specific case study. This methodology can provide valuable inputs for managerial decisions, strategic planning and regulatory decisions to the players of a high technology market. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper develops an intuitive methodology to reveal latent tourism demand. The aim is to quantify its scale by distinguishing the pair of origin-destination and the kind of tourism. The methodology starts measuring the market size that depends on origin population size and their willingness to participate in outbound tourism. Additionally, it takes into account the varying preferences of each origin population for different kinds of tourism. Finally, it compares the current market share of tourism with the expected market share, which is estimated using a random parameter logit model. The study draws on data from EU-28 countries. It provides indicators to select target markets to be strengthened and design strategies based on better air connectivity or oriented marketing campaigns. • The paper provides an intuitive method to estimate latent tourism demand. • The method can identify and quantify potential target markets. • It distinguishes four kinds of tourism. • It can aid with marketing and segmentation strategies. • Market shares are estimated with a random parameter logit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]