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Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours are a rare primary tumour of the mediastinum. They share the same immunomorphological features to their gonadal counterparts but carry a worse prognosis. Primary mediastinal seminomas are exclusively found in male patients. Their diagnosis requires exclusion of primary gonadal germ cell tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary mediastinal seminoma is an uncommon malignant extragonadal germ cell tumour of the anterior mediastinum occurring almost exclusively in men. We report a case of mediastinal seminoma with prominent follicular lymphoid hyperplasia in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer and discuss diagnostic considerations including prominent secondary change, immunohistochemical analysis and differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediastinal seminomas arise due to abnormal migration of the totipotent stem cells during development. They occur very occasionally and makes up about 0.5–5 % of all mediastinal tumors. These usually occur in middle aged men, between 20 and 40 years. In pediatric age group, it is considered as an extremely rare finding, accounting for 3 %–7 % of all primary germ cell tumors. We report a rare case of a 16-year-old boy with biopsy proven seminomatous type of germ cell tumor in anterior mediastinum who presented with productive cough and progressive dyspnea. The occurrence of mediastinal seminoma especially in pediatric population is a very infrequent finding, hence, very little literature is found in this regard as per our knowledge. The incidence of primary mediastinal germ cell tumors is approximately around 3 %–6 % of all the germ cell tumors in pediatric population. Diagnosis of mediastinal seminomas need a multipronged approach and treatment is associated with multidisciplinary procedures including chemotherapy combined with subsequent surgical resection for long term survival benefits. From the above presented case, it can be safely concluded that multimodality treatment approach of chemotherapy combined with surgical resection could ensure long-term survival benefits in extra-gonadal mediastinal seminomas. • 16 year old boy with progressive dyspnea • Biopsy proven seminomatous germ cell tumor • Involving left phrenic nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve • Multidisciplinary treatment with chemotherapy and surgical resection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary mediastinal seminoma is rare, especially with complications of superior vena cava syndrome (VCSS) and large thrombus. A 23-years-old Indonesian male complained of dyspnea, phlegm cough, chest pain, and body weight loss. The patient experienced swelling in the face and neck 1 week ago, accompanied by increased jugular venous pressure. Radiological results showed a firm mass in the right area of the mediastinum. Tumor marker and IHC results showed mediastinal seminoma. Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia, right axis deviation, and V1-V5 slow R wave progression. Echocardiography showed an intracardiac mass (RA protrusive RV, size 7.2 × 3.8 cm) with an intracardiac thrombus and RV failure. The patient was positioned in a semi-Fowler's position and given furosemide 3 × 20 mg, dexamethasone 3 × 5 mg, and warfarin 1 × 4 mg. Meanwhile, the results of the biopsy revealed a malignant germ cell tumor. When the patient was going to have bronchoscopy and radiotherapy planned, the patient died. Reporting primary mediastinal seminoma cases with complications of VCSS and large thrombus has a high risk of mortality, so this report can be used as a review to improve management in future. Mediastinal seminoma with complications has a high mortality. • VCSS and thrombus were primary mediastinal seminoma complications. • Primary mediastinal seminoma with complications was high-risk mortality. • Primary mediastinal seminoma with VCSS and large thrombus was a rare case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]