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As anthropogenic pressures on the environment grow, science-policy interaction is increasingly needed to support evidence-informed decision-making. However, there are many barriers to knowledge exchange (KE) at the science-policy interface, including difficulties evaluating its outcomes. The aims of this study are to synthesize the literature to elucidate the a) intended and b) claimed outcomes of KE processes at the interface of environmental science and policy, as well as the c) evidence used to evaluate them and d) methods used for collecting evaluation data. Results from systematically identifying and analyzing 397 articles show that co-production, knowledge brokerage, boundary organizations, and social connections were the most common strategies for KE. KE processes commonly aimed, claimed and referred to evidence regarding the usability of knowledge (e.g. credibility, salience, legitimacy) and social outcomes (e.g. networking, awareness, learning, trust-building). They also aimed for deeper policy/economic/societal impacts and actual use of scientific knowledge within decision-making. These additional goals, however, were seldom claimed to have been achieved, although products (e.g. maps/tools) and process attributes (e.g. equity, power-relations, transparency) were commonly used for evidencing impact. Hence, this study found that success from KE at the interface of environmental science and policy comes in diverse forms and showed a divergence between what studies aim for (ambitious) and what they evidence or claim as an achievement (more modest). This may represent failures of KE processes to reach intended goals, shortcomings in evaluation literature/approaches, or mismatches between timescales of evaluation and impact. Overall, this suggests a need to better align goals with evaluation measures to plan, facilitate, and appreciate the diverse impacts of KE processes. [Display omitted] • Our review aims to understand success at the environmental science-policy interface. • Success at the science-policy interface comes in very diverse forms. • Usability of knowledge and/or social outcomes are most common goals. • Divergence between what studies aim for and what they evidence/claim as impact. • Results show need to plan for, and appreciate diverse impacts of knowledge exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hospital IT failures can significantly impact acute patient care. • The main cause of these events is hospital software failure. • IT failures are increasingly associated with acute care disruption. • Securing IT continuity in today's hospitals is essential. Healthcare organizations are becoming increasingly dependent on Information technology (IT) for the provision of routine services. IT failures within hospital systems can impact acute patient care, including emergency department (ED) closure operating room (OR) stops.. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the impact of hospital IT failures in the Netherlands on acute care delivery and to provide recommendations for improved IT failure preparedness and hospital resilience during such an event. This is a systematic scoping review of major acute care disruptions in Dutch hospitals between 2000 and 2020. Incidence of etiology, duration, ED diversion, and closure of multiple locations was evaluated. IT failures were included when associated with the closure of hospital departments and/or evacuations. Thirty-nine IT failures resulting in acute care disruption were identified. The majority occurred between 2010 and 2020 (n = 37, 95 %). Of the 39 events, 33 (85 %) were primary IT failures and were mainly caused by computer network and/or hospital software failure. Secondary events predominantly resulted from power failure. Most events (n = 36, 92 %) were resolved within minutes to hours. All events were associated with an ED closure, 27 (69 %) with an operating room (OR) stop and two (5 %) with external hospital evacuation of one or more patients. Furthermore, 17 incidents (44 %) involved multiple hospital locations, and seven (41 %) of these involved closure of multiple locations with an ED. The impact of IT failures on acute care disruptions in the Netherlands has considerably increased since 2010. This stresses the urge to improve IT security and business continuity in today's hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An updated systematic scoping review and narrative analysis of all possible mental health studies done during the concerned immediate years clarifies its present condition and status for all professionals, and concerned researchers. To synthesize published mental health research studies in and for Saudi Arabia for the years 2009–2019 with the confidence to evaluate current situation, identify research gaps and limitations (if any), and assist in conceptualizing the forthcoming directions of future mental health research activities. Scoping systematic review and modified narrative analysis were the methods utilized to achieve the aim and objective set for this formal academic endeavor. Of the 1006 published studies identified from chosen databases, a total of 241 papers were included and had passed the stringent criteria set for the scoping review process. Basic characteristics of the reviewed studies were quantitative survey type with about 101–500 size range of respondents, utilizing non-patients and adults for participants which were common and randomly chosen from selected population, and most research activities were self-funded. Four major research themes were found including a list of research limitations. This systematic scoping review identified a wide range of results characterizing the different studies that qualified using pre-determined inclusion-exclusion criteria. Though of increasing publication volume in the past decade, most researches done were quantitative survey type whose themes seemed to show no drastic difference or change from the previous years of output. More variety in research themes would further improve the over-all quality of mental health publications. • An increasing number of publications in Saudi Arabia in the years 2009-2019 on mental health research studies. • Most published articles utilized quantitative survey type with about 101-500 size range of non-patient respondents. • Four research themes: awareness & attitude studies, QOL, intervention development studies, and social issues studies. • Most limitations included small sample size, sampling bias, self-reporting bias, and cross-sectional design limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is compelling evidence on the impact of diet as preventative medicine, and with rising health care costs healthcare organizations are attempting to identify interventions to improve patient health outcomes.Objectives: The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to characterize existing healthcare organization-based interventions to improve access to fruits and vegetables (F&V) for their patient populations. In addition, we aimed to review the impact of identified interventions on dietary intake and health outcomes.Methods: Titles and abstracts were searched in PubMed® (MEDLINE®), Embase®, CINAHL®, and the Cochrane Library® from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2019. To be selected for inclusion, original studies must have included a healthcare organization and have had a programmatic focus on increasing access to or providing fresh F&V to patients in an outpatient, naturalistic setting. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess study quality in 6 domains (selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods, and withdrawals and dropouts).Results: A total of 8876 abstracts were screened, yielding 44 manuscripts or abstracts from 27 programs. Six program models were identified: 1) a cash-back rebate program, 2) F&V voucher programs, 3) garden-based programs, 4) subsidized food box programs, 5) home-delivery meal programs, and 6) collaborative food pantry-clinical programs. Only 6 of 27 studies included a control group. The overall quality of the studies was weak due to participant selection bias and incomplete reporting on data collection tools, confounders, and dropouts. Given the heterogeneity of outcomes measured and weak study quality, conclusions regarding dietary and health-related outcomes were limited.Conclusions: Healthcare-based initiatives to improve patient access to F&V are novel and have promise. However, future studies will need rigorous study designs and validated data collection tools, particularly related to dietary intake, to better determine the effect of these interventions on health-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The study purpose was to map and identify gaps in the recent (∼2011–2017) literature on the costs of illness to parents of children diagnosed with cancer. The costs of illness include direct costs, indirect costs and psychosocial costs. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted. Data sources included PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo and EconLit. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were conducted in high-income countries, published in the English language, and reported parent perspectives on direct costs, indirect costs and/or psychosocial costs due to financial costs. Results 25 studies were eligible. Most were conducted in Canada, the USA, or Sweden. The studies used a variety of designs, target populations, time frames and sample sizes. Intervention studies were lacking. Across studies fathers were underrepresented. While no study comprehensively measured costs of illness, more studies used rigorous methods and considered psychosocial costs. Financial costs were measured using a micro-costing or general estimates approach. Psychosocial costs were measured using a variety of PRO measures, some of which were investigator developed. The studies provide evidence that financial toxicity occurs in pediatric oncology. Conclusions Future studies should comprehensively measure costs using a consistent set of established measures and make efforts to recruit fathers to cost of illness research. Interventions to mitigate financial toxicity are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service-learning collaborations have the potential to effectively respond to community needs, students' needs, and institutional priorities. However, natural and man-made crises oftentimes throw these arrangements into disarray. The coronavirus (COVID-19) is one such significant crisis that continues to challenge service-learning collaborations worldwide. Based on a systematic scoping review of scholarship on service-learning programs conducted during COVID-19, this study aimed to explore thematic similarities and differences between them, elucidating key observations and insights for future action. Overall, findings from 13 peer-reviewed articles indicated that, although not immune to the wide-ranging adverse effects of COVID-19, service-learning has proven itself to be an effective responsive pedagogy in times of crisis. • Explores the characteristics, adaptative strategies, and limitations of service-learning programs conducted during COVID-19. • Service-learning programs were published more as case reports than evaluation case studies during COVID-19. • A trend of adopting virtual platforms and tele-communications to sustain service-learning under social distancing policies. • The literature focused on how service-learning programs delivering educational objectives while responding to COVID-19. • Service-learning is an effective responsive pedagogy in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Systematic literature review on NAT, HRT, and RE in aviation. • Analysis of 77 studies on the application of NAT, HRT, and RE in aviation subsystems. • A general increase of using NAT/HRT/RE in an aviation context within the last years, with RE becoming the dominant theory. • Strong focus of theory application, analysis and discussion in the context of primary and less on secondary subsystems. • Research agenda proposed to close gaps in theory analysis, application and subsystem focus. Aviation is a complex system with different interconnected and interdependent subsystems that rely on each other to ensure safety and reliability. The technological progress in the sector has increased safety, but incidents and accidents still happen. However, accident analyses and safety research have not paid equal attention to all aviation subsystems resulting in possibly undetected or underestimated risks. This study systematically investigates the literature on aviation safety from 1984 to 2021 with a particular focus on Normal Accident Theory (NAT), High-reliability Theory (HRT), and Resilience Engineering (RE) as their underpinning theoretical perspectives. The analysis of the 77 records that were screened as most relevant shows that the studies underpinned by these theories were mainly looking at the 'primary operational aviation subsystems' such as air traffic control (ATC) and flight operations and significantly less at the 'secondary operational subsystems' such as ground operations and aircraft maintenance. In addition, the analysis showed that research building on RE has increased in recent years and is now the predominant theoretical framework in studies of this type. Nevertheless, NAT and HRT are still relevant and are often employed in conjunction with RE. Future research should pay more attention to the role of secondary subsystems and their impact on the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the aviation system. Moreover, there is perhaps a need for researchers to develop a more integrative framework that includes valuable components of all three theories and to create a set of safety and reliability strategies suitable for both primary and secondary aviation subsystems, hence, benefiting the entire aviation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Olfaction contributes to fat perception independently of other sensory modalities. • Fat and its constituents can be detected, discriminated and identified via olfaction. • Fat-related odours can enhance sensations of other sensory modalities. Understanding how dietary fat is perceived by the senses is crucial in developing public health strategies aimed at curbing excessive fat intakes. Olfaction is one of several sensory modalities contributing to fat perception in foods, yet the nature and extent of its involvement is relatively unclear. A systematic scoping literature review was conducted to identify and summarise relevant evidence on the contribution of olfaction to dietary fat perception in humans and rodents and highlight relevant knowledge gaps. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA methodology, using combinations of olfaction-, fat- and perception-related search terms. Following searches in Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, 42 articles were ultimately included. Overall, findings are consistent with the notion that olfaction plays a role in the perception of dietary fat in rodents and humans. Rodents can perceive dietary fat via olfactory cues, and this ability may affect their preference for fat-containing feed. Humans can detect, discriminate, and identify fat and its constituents solely by olfaction, even when embedded within a complex food matrix. Food fat content can modulate the perception of various fat- and non-fat olfactory qualities, depending on the food matrix and odorant physio-chemical properties. On the other hand, the presence of fat-related odours can modify the perception of olfactory and non-olfactory sensory qualities (e.g., mouthfeel). Several knowledge gaps were identified, namely, the role of fat-related odours in eating behaviour, the nature of chemical signals underlying olfactory fat perception and factors governing sensitivity to fat-related odours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes a global assessment of digital agriculture services and their impacts. A scoping review conducted under a protocol aligned to the internationally accepted PRISMA- ScR found that most studies are focused on the provision of digital advisory and extension services to farmers, and they reported outcomes associated mainly with "practice change" and "increased knowledge." While many studies focused on on-farm agronomy, either through digital advisory or precision agriculture tools, they lacked data about outcomes related to environmental sustainability and climate resilience. This review also found that use facilitators and barriers should also be considered when studying and reporting on the uptake of services and their outcomes. • Proliferation of digital technologies serving farmers in low- and-middle income countries. • Research on digital agriculture on the rise with most studies published in the past three years. • Most studies are focused on digital advisory and extension services for farmers. • Few studies reported outcomes related to environmental sustainability and climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility of laughter and humour make them attractive choices for self-care, and integrative medicine. There is a growing body of literature, but both fields are fragmented and the overall evidence has not been systematically reviewed. The relationship between health and personal development is increasingly recognized. This review scopes the evidence for laughter and humour interventions from the perspective of their potential benefits on personal development. A systematic scoping review used Joanna Briggs guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Scoping Review extension (PRISMA-ScR). All-population laughter and humour interventions described in primary and secondary research from 1970, and in English, were searched in Web of Science and PubMed/Medline. Analysis of 240 primary research articles (k), and 11 systematic reviews (K), identified k = 564 discrete articles with studies involving 574,611 participants (n). Twelve large studies (n >15,000) contributed 77 % of participants. Classification analysis found more research relating to humour (k = 445, n = 334,996) than laughter (k = 119, n = 239,615) and identified diverse personal development outcomes associated with Biological, Psychological, Social, Environmental, and Behavioural (BPSE-B) factors. This review presents growing evidence for the diverse applications and benefits of laughter and humour. Multiple opportunities for self-care and interventional applications are described. The consideration of personal development outcomes may support tailored applications according to specific needs and objectives. An umbrella Personal Development Theory of laughter and humour, inclusive humour and laughter definitions, and a humour-laughter-affect model are proposed to unify the fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]