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Therapeutic relationships are key to both service user recovery and the safety of staff and service users in adult mental health care. However, staff over-involvement (crossing professional boundaries including sexual and emotional exploitation) and under-involvement (staff disinterest, avoidance or neglect) is often a cause for concern within mental health care. Little is known about measuring and assessing over / under involvement. This scoping review provides a broad understanding of existing tools used to measure this in adult mental health care. To explore what measures are used, and the characteristics of the identified measures, to understand the therapeutic relationship between staff and adult service users in mental health care settings. Scoping review. Adult mental health settings. Service users and staff. This review is guided by Levac et al.'s six stage methodology of scoping review frameworks. The reporting of this review has been guided by the PRISMA-ScR. Of 2863 papers found, 23 were eligible for inclusion. The papers identified 14 scales. No tool specifically measured over- or under- involvement. Finally, data indicates that scales should be specific to their intended setting as the nature of therapeutic relationships may vary by setting. Definitions of therapeutic relationships and over- and under-involvement relevant to different settings are needed. There is a need to develop setting-specific scales to measure therapeutic involvement and definitions for over- and under- involvement. This would enhance care provided to service users and encourage staff members to challenge their own boundary setting practices. https://osf.io/93dxp/. • The term 'therapeutic relationship' lacks a clear definition and should be defined per setting or population. • Most tools for measuring therapeutic relationships are for psychotherapy, with some settings (e.g., forensic) lacking tools. • No tools exist that specifically measure over- or under-involvement in adult mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the dual-tasking questionnaire (DTQ), dual-task screening list (DTSL), and dual-task impact on daily life activities questionnaire (DIDA-Q). Multicenter, cross-sectional study Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) were recruited from 7 multiple sclerosis centers across 6 countries (Belgium, Chile, Italy, Israel, Spain, and Turkey). A total of 356 pwMS (mean age 47.5±11.5y, expanded disability status scale, 3.79±1.83) were enrolled. Not applicable The reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and measurement error) and construct validity (structural and convergent) were assessed. The DTQ, DTSL, and DIDA-Q demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [95% CI], 0.84 [0.80-0.87] to 0.90 [0.87-0.92]) and internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.86-0.96). As hypothesized, the 3 questionnaires showed a strong correlation with each other, moderate-to-strong correlations with other self-report questionnaires (perceived walking difficulties, fatigue, and fear of falling), and low-to-moderate correlations with cognitive information processing speed, manual dexterity, and dual-task walking performance (walking with word list generation task), showing convergent validity. The DIDA-Q exhibited systematically superior properties. These results were also verified in subsets from 6 different countries. In the structural validity analysis, all questionnaires displayed 2 main factors, allocated as "motor-driven" and "cognitive-driven" subscales. The DTQ, DTSL, and DIDA-Q have good-to-excellent measurement properties, with the highest properties observed in DIDA-Q. The use of these self-reported questionnaires can be used in research and clinical practice to assess the effect of dual-task difficulties on the daily life of ambulatory pwMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorder is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in China. However, there are obvious subjective factors in the current assessment of anxiety disorders, which may lead to certain diagnostic errors. The identification and diagnosis of anxiety disorders can be further improved if objective biological indicators are added in the assessment process. The current research validates facial expression recognition as a screening tool to assist in detecting generalized anxiety disorder. Based on the International Affective Picture System, we constructed an aided diagnostic experimental paradigm and recorded their facial expression. The split-half reliability was displayed by the Pearson correlation heatmap. The paradigm, GAD-7 and HAMA scales were administered to 60 generalized anxiety disorder patients and 60 matched healthy controls to evaluate the criterion-related validity. Additionally, we conducted a diagnostic study by using MINI as a gold standard and calculated ROC analysis to examine the screening performance of the facial expressions. The heatmap showed very high correlations (r > 0.60, PS < 0.05) along the diagonal of the square heatmap (from the bottom left corner to the top right). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the GAD-7, HAMA and seven facial expressions ranged from −0.35(neutral, P < 0.01) to 0.34(angry, P < 0.01). The intergroup effects of neutral, anger and fear emotions were statistically significant (F = 18.893, P < 0.001; F = 20.535, P < 0.001; F = 9.091, P = 0.003). ROC analysis showed AUC for neutral, angry and scared facial expressions were 0.723, 0.792 and 0.727 respectively. This study constructed a tool for auxiliary screening of GAD patients and provided an objective automatic facial expression recognition method to assist psychological diagnosis. • This study aims to provide an efficient and accurate intelligent method for further psychological diagnosis and treatment. • This research combined with facial expression recognition technology to assist in screening people with GAD. • The heatmap showed satisfactory split-half reliability. • The criterion-related validity and screening validity were excellent. • Three facial expressions are significant between GAD and HC: neutral, angry and scared facial expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper limb dysfunctions are common and disabling in daily life. Accelerometer data are commonly used to describe upper limb use. However, different data analyzing methods are used to describe or classify upper limb use. The purpose of this systematic review was to present an overview of the assessment and data-analysis methods using accelerometery, and to specify their accuracy and validity assessing upper limb functional use. A systematic literature search was performed consulting the following databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Sport Discus, Clinical Trials, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The applied search terms were upper limb, activity tracking, and functional activity. Studies were included when they reported the accuracy and/or validity results of accelerometer-based methods to describe upper limb functional use. 13 studies were included describing counts threshold analyzing methods, gross movement scores and machine learning models. Seven studies retrieved a medium score, and six received a low-quality score on the quality assessment scale. The classification accuracy of the machine learning models ranged from 68 % to 97 % for intrasubject accuracy and from 59 % to 92 % for intersubject accuracy, compared to video annotated data. Besides good accuracy scores, the machine learning models also retrieved high validity results. High accuracy results were furthermore retrieved for the counts threshold method. Based on the evaluated studies, objectively assessing upper limb functional use can be done accurately and valid using accelerometry and can be an added value to assess upper limb dysfunctions in daily clinical practice. • Different analyzing methods of upper limb functional use are described. • Accuracy and validity results are reported. • ML models show promising results but should be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current severity assessment measures for nomophobia have issues related to clinical applicability, which makes them difficult to be consistently applied in the Indian context. We aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of severity of Nomophobia. This study was a two-phase, exploratory sequential mixed method design conducted across three centres in India. The development of the questionnaire included identification of the domains and items, inputs from experts and refining the questionnaire. EFA was carried out to check the internal consistency among items. CFA was carried out to test the factor structure of ISAN. Concurrent validity with NMP-Q was ascertained. Convergent and discriminant validity were tested using bivariate correlation analysis. The qualitative findings from the initial exploration were developed into 27-item ISAN reviewed by experts for content validity. EFA showed that the questionnaire has good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient = 0.934) with a five-factor pattern matrix. CFA explained five-factor structure (Digital compulsion, Digital Intensement, Digital Obsession, Digital Detachment Distress and Digital Engagement) was deemed to be the most tenable comprising of 21 items. ISAN fits good on all indices (CMIN/df = 2.44, CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.05, TLI = 0.92, IFI = 0.93) for the five-factor structure. Concurrent validity with NMP-Q was good (r = 0.695). Good to moderate associations were noted for the convergent (r = 0.985) and discriminant validity (r = −0.560) respectively. ISAN (I ndian S cale for A ssessment of N omophobia) is an accurate and reliable instrument that can measure nomophobia in the Indian youth population. • Nomophobia is irrational thought or fear of being detached from smartphone or inability to access it. • This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument for assessment of severity of Nomophobia. • Our study adapted two-phase, exploratory sequential mixed method design conducted across three centres in India. • Questionnaire has good internal consistency among items with a five-factor pattern matrix comprising of 21 items. • ISAN (I ndian S cale for A ssessment of N omophobia) is an accurate and reliable instrument which can measure nomophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-accuracy screening tools can accurately identify older adults at risk of dysphagia. • V-VST has the best diagnostic performance. • V-VST demonstrates a favorable equilibrium between sensitivity and specificity. • V-VST can be the best choice for screening for dysphagia in older adults. This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of multiple screening tools for dysphagia in older adults. The analysis covered 30 studies involving 13 tools and 2,697 participants. The results showed that the volume viscosity swallow test performed best in sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, making it a recommended screening tool. Other tools have low sensitivity, unstable results or insufficient research and need to be further validated. Overall, this study provides an important reference for the screening of dysphagia in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The validity and reliability of the Four Square Step Test were evaluated in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. • The Four Square Step Test shows strong interrater and test-retest reliability in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. • A cut-off time of 15.11 s effectively differentiated between older adults with mild cognitive impairment who were fallers and non-fallers. • These findings support the clinical use of Four Square Step Test to assess dynamic balance and fall risk in mild cognitive impairment patients. The study aimed to determine the test–retest, interrater, and minimum detectable change, concurrent and known-groups validity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Minimal detectable change values are the degree of change needed to exceed a measurement's error within a confidence limit. A total of 46 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and 34 healthy controls were included. The Four Square Step Test was used together with the Timed Up and Go Test, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, and One-Leg Stand Test. The Four Square Step Test revealed high interrater and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.963–0.986 and 0.937–0.956, respectively). The cut-off times of 15.11 s best distinguished older adults as fallers from non-fallers with mild cognitive impairment. The Four Square Step Test is a valid, reliable, applicable, and safe dynamic balance evaluation to identify subtle changes to dynamic balance in mild cognitive impairment patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Identifying the health literacy levels of disadvantaged older people in society is an important step towards providing better health services. • The Health Literacy Scale in Old Age has a reasonable length and reliable and valid features. • The Turkish validity and reliability scale can be used to determine the health literacy of older people. To determine the validity and reliability of the Health Literacy Scale in Old Age in Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties of the scale. A total of 450 older individuals aged over 65 years living in a community in a province of Türkiye constituted the sample of this research. Data were collected using a personal information form, the European Health Literacy Short Form, and the Health Literacy Scale in Old Age. The Cronbach α value of the five-factor 18-item scale of four-point Likert type was 0.83, the total variance explained by the factor regarding the scale was 55.973 %, the content validity index was 0.85, and the test-retest reliability value was 0.887. The relationship between the adapted scale and the European Health Literacy Scale Short Form was 0.512. As a result, 18 items of the Health Literacy Scale in Old Age have reasonable length and reliable and valid features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the depression scale in neurological disorders and to determine the characteristics of depression in young people with a diagnosis of epilepsy. The population of the study consisted of epileptic youth aged 12–17 years (96 people) who attended the paediatric neurology outpatient clinic of a university hospital during the data collection process and who were able to make self-reports.Validity and reliability analyzes were performed with IBM SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 programs. The scale; Sensitivity was found to be 81 %, Specificity was 98.1 %, Positive Predictive Values (PPV) was 97.14 %, and Negative Predictive Values (NPV) was 86.88 %. The reliability coefficient (cronbach's alpha) of the scale was 0.924, which indicates a high level of reliability. In confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), CFA factor loading values of the items were found to be valid in the range of 0.575–0.904. The depression rate of young people with epilepsy was 36.5 % and the mean score of depression levels was 25.4 ± 9.0, which is above the average. The depression scale in neurological disorders adapted to Turkish for young people who were diagnosed with epilepsy was found to be valid and reliabl. The Turkish version of the Depression Inventory in Neurological Disorders can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess depression in young people aged 12–17 years diagnosed with epilepsy. • This study presents the Turkish version of the Depression Scale in Neurological Disorders in Young People with Epilepsy. • The depression scale in young people with epilepsy contributes to validity by considering cultural differences. • It is reported to have high sensitivity and specificity values. • A high rate of depression has been observed in Turkish youth with epilepsy, but further validation is needed as these findings have not been published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop the "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Awareness Scale-Mother Form" (SIDSAS-MF) and assess its psychometric properties. The methodological study involved mothers (n = 450) with infants aged 0–12 months. Data were collected using a socio-demographic information form and the draft of the SIDSAS-MF. Factor analysis and reliability analyses were conducted to assess the data. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the scale revealed a structure consisting of six items and two sub-dimensions. The factor loadings of the scale were found to be above 0.30. Fit indices following CFA were achieved at excellent levels. Both McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha values for each sub-dimension of the scale exceeded 0.6. Furthermore, the correlation values of the items with the total factor score ranged from 0.661 to 0.839. The study concluded that the six-item form of the SIDSAS-MF is a valid and reliable measurement tool for mothers with infants aged 0–12 months in the Turkish population. Midwives and nurses can use this scale in their clinical training to determine the level of awareness mothers have towards SIDS. It is also recommended that the developed scale should be adapted to different cultures. • Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is observed in infants aged 0–12 months. • In order to prevent SIDS, it is important to know the awareness levels of mothers about SIDS. • The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Awareness Scale-Mother Form (SIDSAS-MF) was developed in a sample of Turkish-speaking mothers with 0–12-month-old infants. • SIDSAS-MF is a valid and reliable measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is the period of human development between childhood and adulthood. Parent-child interaction differs qualitatively in different developmental periods, the development of separate scales sensitive to different age periods regarding parental attitudes is one of the most important issues in this field. This study aimed to adapt the Parenting Scale for Adolescents to Turkish culture and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale. This study was designed as a methodological, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in a province in the western region of Türkiye with 104 parents whose healthy children were not receiving any psychiatric treatment. A Sociodemographic Data Form and the Parenting Scale for Adolescents were used to obtain the data. The fit index of the scale was above 0.80 in terms of both I-CVI (Item Content Validity) and S-CVI (Scale Content Validity). The results of the content validity analysis showed that the scale provided both content and language validity for the Turkish sample, as well as measuring the subject matter as adequately as its original version. According to the results of this study, the Parenting Scale for Adolescents is a valid and reliable tool in Turkish culture. The Parenting Scale for Adolescents is an effective measurement tool for predicting and preventing adolescent problems, determining parental behaviors when problems occur, and evaluating treatment outcomes. • Adolescence is the period of human development between childhood and adulthood. • Nurses have a very important role in determining parental attitudes. • Family dynamics and communication between parents and adolescents can be crucial in adolescence. • Nurses can improve parental attitudes positively by involving parents. • The Parenting Scale for Adolescents can be used in the planning, implementation and evaluation of community-based programs designed to improve the parenting skills of parents of middle school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stigmatization can negatively affect the relationship between the patient and health professional. The aim of this study was to develop the Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization. The population of the study consisted of 403 nursing students. A literature review and qualitative interviews with 24 students were conducted to generate the initial items. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied to examine the construct validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and item-total score correlation coefficients. After confirmatory factor analysis, the Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization was finalized with 19 items and five sub-dimensions. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit values of the scale was determined as χ2/sd: 2.957; GFI: 0.902; AGFI: 0.869; IFI: 0.906; TLI: 0.937; CFI: 0.905; RMSEA: 0.070; SRMR: 0.063. The reliability of the scale over time was evaluated with the test-retest method, and it was found that the agreement between the responses was very good (ICC: 0.980; p < 0.001). The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.824. It was determined that the Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization is a short, easy-to-understand, and psychometrically sound measurement tool that can be safely applied to nursing students. Nursing students' perceptions of stigmatization can be determined using this scale. The nursing education curriculum can be restructured in line with the findings obtained. What is already known about the topic? • The Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization is a measurement tool that evaluates nursing students' perceptions of stigmatization. • There is a need for a multidimensional scale that evaluates nursing students' perceptions of stigmatization. What this paper adds? • It was determined that the Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be safely applied to nursing students. • The Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization can be applied to all undergraduate nursing students regardless of their year of study. How should the findings be used to influence policy/practice/research/education? • By using the Scale for Determining Nursing Students' Perceptions of Stigmatization, nursing students' perceptions of stigmatization can be determined. • In line with the findings obtained, the nursing education curriculum can be evaluated and restructured. • Strategies and recommendations can be developed to improve the quality of care provided by nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social isolation has been shown to contribute to negative health outcomes. Within a Chinese cultural context where people highly value social relationships, family caregivers of people with severe mental illness are prone to experience social isolation due to demanding caregiving tasks and prevalent social stigma. However, an instrument that could comprehensively measure social isolation in Chinese family caregivers is lacking. The six-item Friendship Scale was designed to measure social isolation but it has not previously been validated for use in the Chinese context. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Friendship Scale – Chinese version (FS-C) in family caregivers of people with severe mental illness (SMI) (N = 200). Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed FS-C's single-factor structure. FS-C demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.72). Convergent validity was supported by moderate to strong correlations with social networks (r = 0.342, p < 0.01) and loneliness (r = −0.608, p < 0.01). Divergent validity was confirmed by a weak correlation with perceived social stigma (r = −0.190, p < 0.01). FS-C is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social isolation among Chinese family caregivers of people with SMI. • Social isolation is associated with poor health and reduced lifespan. • Chinese family caregivers of people with SMI may experience social isolation. • The 6-item FS has been widely used to measure social isolation. • The results of this study indicate satisfactory reliability and validity of FS-C. • FS-C could be applied to Chinese family caregivers of people with SMI in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective self-management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) not only improves patients' knee pain and physical function but also improves quality of life. However, there is no assessment tool that can be targeted to evaluate the self-management level of patients after TKA. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale to specifically assess the level of self-management in patients after TKA. The study was conducted in 2 steps: (1) instrument development and (2) psychological tests (n = 428). For the instrument development portion, scale items were generated through a literature review and semi-structured interviews, then reviewed and revised by a panel of experts, and assessed for content validity and pilot testing. For the psychometric tests component, items were analyzed using corrected item-total scale correlations, the critical ratio method, and Cronbach's α. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and validation factor analysis. Criterion correlation validity was checked by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient using the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale-8 and the scale developed in this study. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α and fold-half reliability, and retest reliability was assessed using intragroup correlation coefficients. The Patient Self-Management Scale after Total Knee Arthroplasty (PSMS-TKA) comprises 4 factors and 23 items that assess daily behavior management, disease information management, psychosocial management, and exercise rehabilitation management. Exploratory factor analysis and validation factor analysis yielded a stable 4-factor model for the 23 items. The PSMS-TKA demonstrated good criterion-related validity when using the Arthritis Self-Efficacy-8 as a criterion. The Cronbach's α of the PSMS-TKA was 0.903, the split-half reliability was 0.934, and the test-retest reliability correlation coefficient was 0.887 (P <.01); thus, the reliability of the scale is good. The PSMS-TKA developed in this study has good validity and reliability and can be used to assess the level of self-management in patients after TKA. The scale helps healthcare professionals understand the level of self-management of patients undergoing TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjustment disorder is frequently used as a diagnostic category for work-related stress disorders in Denmark. However, the diagnostic category is poorly delineated in ICD-10 which has hampered clinical practice as well as research studying the development of work-related adjustment disorders. In ICD-11, the diagnostic category of adjustment disorder has been refined and a new self-report measure is available to operationalize symptoms. The aim of the current study is to translate the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) to Danish and test the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of social educators. A total of 609 social educators in current employment participated in an online survey including the IADQ and data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings suggested that a two-factor model reflecting the distinction between preoccupation and failure to adapt as part of the diagnostic criterion fitted the data best, although strong factor correlations and one cross-factor loading suggests that differentiating between the dimensions of preoccupation and failure to adapt is difficult. Relationships to burnout, posttraumatic stress and general distress support the validity of the Danish translation of the IADQ. Further research should explore the structure of adjustment disorder among other working populations. • The first study to test ICD-11 adjustment disorder among a working population. • Danish version of International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) is valid. • Findings show psychometric challenges of the IADQ for working populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A healthy family is very important for community health. This study was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the short and long forms of the Family Health Scale (FHS) in Turkish culture. This is a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of instruments using a methodological approach. A total of 783 individuals aged between 18 and 65 from Turkey. The test-retest reliability analysis of FHS was performed with 64 participants after four weeks. Confirmed that the long form of the FHS was four-dimensional and the short form was one-dimensional. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the long and short forms fit well with the data, and it was determined that all fit indices were within acceptable limits. The Cronbach alpha of the long form of the FHS was 0.911, the cronbach alphas of the four sub-dimensions ranged from 0.833 to 0.908, and short form was 0.872. The pearson correlation coefficient between the forms was 0.919 (p = 0.000). The results of the study revealed that the FHS is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used specifically for Turkish society. Nurses can use both forms of the FHS to examine family health and trends in family health in the population they serve. The FHS may be an important screening tool in health care settings and family intervention programs. Nurses can use FHS when providing health care so that children grow up in a healthy family. • A healthy family is very important for community health. • Knowing the health and social care factors affecting the family is important for child health. • Only 8.3 % of the participants have excellent family health. • Participants gave the highest score to "family healthy lifestyle" and the lowest score to "family health resources". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While enhancing mental health literacy is a critical component of preventive mental health, there is currently no mental health literacy instrument specific to adolescents in Turkey. This study aimed to adapt the universal mental health literacy scale for adolescents (UMHL-A) to Turkish and determine its validity and reliability. This methodological study utilized data collected from 268 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years, between April and June 2024. Data were obtained using a personal information form and the UMHL-A. The construct validity of the scale was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was assessed with internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The scale consists of two parts: the Likert UMHL-A, a five-point scale to determine adolescents' attitudes, and the T/F UMHL-A, a true/false scale to measure their knowledge. In this study, it was shown that the Likert UMHL-A, which includes 8 items and two factors, namely help-seeking and stigma, and the T/F UMHL-A, which consists 9 items and two factors namely mental health knowledge and mental illness knowledge, had good fit indices. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.934 for the Likert UMHL-A, and 0.862 for the T/F UMHL-A. The item-total score correlation coefficients of the Likert UMHL-A ranged between 0.582 and 0.856, whereas those of the T/F UMHL-A varied between 0.483 and 0.804. The Turkish version of the UMHL-A is a valid and reliable tool for assessing adolescents' mental health literacy. Health professionals can use this brief and easy-to-apply instrument in clinical practices or educational programs to identify and improve adolescents' mental health literacy. • Mental disorders are the leading global cause of health burden among adolescents. • As the prevalence of mental disorders increases worldwide, the importance of mental health literacy also grows. • A measurement tool specific to adolescents that covers all components of mental health literacy is needed. • The Turkish version of the UMHL-A is a valid and reliable tool for assessing adolescents' mental health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop and validate the Pediatric Atraumatic Care Attitude Scale (PACAS) for pediatric nurses, measuring attitudes toward atraumatic care practices. This methodological and correlational study included 336 pediatric nurses from various clinics in Turkey, between January and August 2024. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was assessed through item-total score correlation, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's α coefficients. The content validity index (CVI) for PACAS items ranged from 0.84 to 1.00. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was 0.978, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (χ2 = 14,110.425, P <.001), supporting factor analysis. EFA revealed a two-factor structure with 31 items, explaining 76.7 % of the variance. The factors, "Knowledge and Awareness" and "Practice and Family Involvement," had loadings between 0.716 and 0.901 and 0.751–0.962, respectively. CFA confirmed the model fit (χ2/df = 2.77, RMSEA = 0.073, NFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.91). Cronbach's α was 0.985, with subscale coefficients of 0.978 and 0.983. Test-retest reliability showed strong correlations (r = 0.980, r = 0.985, r = 0.957), with no significant differences between test and retest scores (P >.05). PACAS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing pediatric nurses' attitudes toward atraumatic care, with the potential to enhance pediatric nursing practices by improving adherence to atraumatic care principles. PACAS helps integrate atraumatic care into nursing, enhancing pediatric care quality and outcomes. • The Pediatric Atraumatic Care Attitude Scale (PACAS) was developed and validated using rigorous psychometric analysis. • PACAS shows high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.985) and validity, measuring pediatric nurses' atraumatic care attitudes. • The two-factor structure of PACAS explains 76.7 % of the variance, confirming its comprehensive design. • PACAS aids in integrating atraumatic care principles into pediatric nursing practice. • PACAS's adaptability across pediatric settings improves patient care outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Baby-Led Weaning Scale for parents with babies/children aged from 6 to 30 months. The sample for this methodological research consisted of parents with babies aged 6 to 30 months between March and June 2024 in a city in eastern Turkey. The data were collected from 354 parents for exploratory factor analysis, from 213 parents for confirmatory factor analysis, and from 70 for the test-retest reliability study. The data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", the "Baby-Led Weaning Scale" and the "Transition to Complementary Feeding Behaviors Scale" (TCFBS). The total content validity index score of the Baby Led Weaning Scale was 0.92 and the content validity rate score was 0.92. The TCBFS was used for the concordance of the scale with similar scales. During the measurements, the intra-observer reliability of the Baby Led Weaning Scale was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a three-factor structure, explaining 611.5 % of the variance. The fix index values were χ2/df = 3.036, RMSEA = 0.069, GFI = 0.902, CFI = 0.907 and AGFI = 0.857, IFI = 0.928, and TLI = 0.921.The Cronbach alpha values of the scale were in the range of 0.706 and 0.831. As a result, the Turkish adaptation of the Baby Led Weaning Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. The Baby-Led Weaning Scale can be used as a simple and objective tool to measure the knowledge level of parents with babies/children aged 6 to 30 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IMU sensors (three-dimensional accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer) enable assessment of walking in older adults outside the laboratory. We studied whether IMUs are valid for detecting walking parameters (step events, time, length, and cadence) in a laboratory and outdoors on a level surface in older adults. This validation study is part of a larger cross-sectional study. Twenty-six participants (mean age 76 years, 65 % female) walked on a treadmill indoors and on a sport track outdoors at self-selected speed. IMUs were attached laterally on the shanks and on the lower back at the level of L3-L4. Initial contact (IC) and step lengths were also estimated using acceleration signals (vertical, antero-posterior) from the pelvic IMU. Terminal contact (TC) was determined from the shank IMU sagittal angular velocity. For step length, inverted pendulum model and participant's leg length (0.53 x height) was used. Step duration was calculated from IC to the opposite leg IC and stride duration from IC to next ipsilateral IC. Cadence was calculated as steps/min. As reference data, 3D motion capture was used in the laboratory and a high-speed video camera outdoors. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), root mean squared errors (RMSE), typical errors and Bland-Altman plots were calculated and drawn. When comparing IC timing between IMU and reference data, mean bias was 0.031 s in the laboratory and −0.004 s outdoors, and for TC −0.057 s and −0.070 s respectively. Step and stride duration and cadence showed ICC values >0.80 and mean bias was <0.005 s for step and stride durations and <0.05 steps/min for cadence in both environments. Step length ICC values were <0.40 in the laboratory and outdoors. IMUs can be used to monitor temporal walking variables in older adults and may be useful for rehabilitation interventions and functional capacity assessment. • Older adults' walking parameters can be assessed also outdoors with IMU sensors • Accuracy of step/stride duration and cadence is good outdoors and in the laboratory • Accuracy of step length and walking speed is poorer in both environments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose that the epistemic functions of replication in science are best understood by relating them to kinds of experimental error/uncertainty. One kind of replication, which we call "direct replications," principally serves to assess the reliability of an experiment through its precision: the presence and degree of random error/statistical uncertainty. The other kind of replication, which we call "conceptual replications," principally serves to assess the validity of an experiment through its accuracy: the presence and degree of systematic errors/uncertainties. To illustrate the aptness of this general view, we examine the Hubble constant controversy in astronomy, showing how astronomers have responded to the concordances and discordances in their results by carrying out the different kinds of replication that we identify, with the aim of establishing a precise, accurate value for the Hubble constant. We contrast our view with Machery's "re-sampling" account of replication, which maintains that replications only assess reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the validity and internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) among patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to explore the network structure of Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) among MDD patients in China. Eligible individuals were recruited from a large tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province. Trained researchers conducted in-person interviews and administered self-report questionnaires, including demographics, medical information, and psychological assessments. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and network analysis were performed, with calculations of Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Cronbach's α, and composite reliability. A total of 113 patients with MDD participated in this study. The correlated six-factor one-order model was a good representation of the latent structure of ITQ (χ 2 = 60.114, df = 39, P = 0.017, SRMR = 0.070, RMSEA = 0.050, TLI = 0.952, CFI = 0.972, BIC = 175.508). All ITQ subscales possessed acceptable convergent validity and internal reliability, except for affective dysregulation and re-experiencing. The square root of AVE for affective dysregulation was lower than its correlations with other clusters. Network analysis revealed that node C4 ('I feel worthless'), as a core symptom, was significantly associated with the development of CPTSD. The clinical applicability of the ITQ was demonstrated by its overall validity and reliability among patients with MDD. However, the affective dysregulation and re-experiencing clusters still need to be revised and enhanced. Timely screening, recognition, and diagnosis are critical due to the worse clinical outcomes seen in comorbid patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite finger flexion (CFF) is proposed to be a convenient alternative to total active motion (TAM) and total passive motion (TPM). Passive CFF (PCFF) may be useful for early monitoring in post-operative rehabilitation of traumatic hand injuries. To determine whether active and passive CFF are reliable, valid, and responsive measures of hand motion and of higher utility to the tester. Cross-sectional observational clinical measurement study. Fifty hand injury patients were recruited from a hospital-based out-patient clinic. TAM, TPM, repeated measures of active CFF (ACFF) and PCFF, self-reported stiffness, patient reported wrist/hand evaluation (PRWHE) scores, and grip strength were recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement were calculated for inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Criterion and construct validity were assessed using correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was explored by calculating correlation coefficients of change scores, effect sizes, and standardized response means. Time taken to measure CFF and TAM/TPM was recorded to consider utility. The average age of participants was 47 years and 36% were female. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability estimates for ACFF and PCFF were excellent (ICCs = 0.95-98). Standard error of measurement values ranged from 0.21 to 0.33. The correlation coefficient for criterion validity between ACFF and TAM was −0.69; PCFF and TPM was −0.65; and ACFF and PCFF was 0.83. For construct validity, ACFF and TAM were similarly correlated with PRWHE. Correlations between changes in stiffness with ACFF and PCFF were 0.43 and 0.26, respectively. Effect sizes of ACFF and PCFF were small at 0.1 and 0.2. Time taken to measure CFF was much shorter than TAM/TPM. The results of this study support the use of active and passive CFF as a reliable, valid, and efficient tool in the clinical setting. Further study is required to verify the responsiveness of CFF. • Our study examined the measurement properties of composite finger flexion (CFF). • CFF is a reliable, valid, and time-efficient tool in the clinical setting. • Further research is required to verify its responsiveness. • CFF can inform clinical decision-making in post-operative follow-up. • Passive CFF is particularly useful for early acute monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire has not been thoroughly evaluated among Hispanics/Latinos. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the concurrent validity and correlates of discordance of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire by comparing it to accelerometry in estimating sedentary behavior, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and meeting United States physical activity guidelines by sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a 4-site cohort study of United States adults aged 18–74 years enrolled from 2008 to 2011. Participants (n = 11,873) completed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Lin's concordance and Pearson correlations assessed concurrent validity between self-reported and accelerometry-assessed measures of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Kappa coefficients assessed agreement of meeting physical activity guidelines. Linear and logistic regression models identified correlates of discordance. The overall Lin's concordance and Pearson correlations between the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and accelerometry estimates were 0.10 (95 % confidence interval 0.09, 0.12) and 0.24 (0.21, 0.27) for sedentary behavior, and 0.04 (0.03, 0.05) and 0.18 (0.15, 0.22) for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, respectively. Agreement was poor for meeting the physical activity guideline classifications (Kappa coefficients: 0.12 to 0.26). Over a 16-hour day, sedentary behavior was under-reported by 3.8 h and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was over-reported by 1.9 h. The concurrent validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior when compared to accelerometry was poor among Hispanic/Latino adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable technologies using inertial sensors are an alternative for gait assessment. However, their psychometric properties in evaluating post-stroke patients are still being determined. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of wearable technologies used to assess post-stroke gait and analyze their reliability and measurement error. The review also investigated which wearable technologies have been used to assess angular changes in post-stroke gait. The present review included studies in English with no publication date restrictions that evaluated the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability, responsiveness, and measurement error) of wearable technologies used to assess post-stroke gait. Searches were conducted from February to March 2023 in the following databases: Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline/PubMed, EMBASE Ovid, CINAHL EBSCO, PsycINFO Ovid, IEEE Xplore Digital Library (IEEE), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); the gray literature was also verified. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies that analyzed reliability and measurement error. Forty-two studies investigating validity (37 studies), reliability (16 studies), and measurement error (6 studies) of wearable technologies were included. Devices presented good reliability in measuring gait speed and step count; however, the quality of the evidence supporting this was low. The evidence of measurement error in step counts was indeterminate. Moreover, only two studies obtained angular results using wearable technology. Wearable technologies have demonstrated reliability in analyzing gait parameters (gait speed and step count) among post-stroke patients. However, higher-quality studies should be conducted to improve the quality of evidence and to address the measurement error assessment. Also, few studies used wearable technology to analyze angular changes during post-stroke gait. • Validity, reliability and measurement error of the devices have been investigated. • Devices presented good reliability in measuring gait parameters post-stroke. • Evidence on reliability is sufficient but of low quality. • Evidence on measurement error is sufficient but of low quality. • Few studies use portable devices to analyze angular changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gait impairment is an early marker of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is frequently monitored to evaluate disease progression. Wearable sensors are increasingly being used to quantify gait in the real-world setting among people with PD (pwPD). Particularly, embedding wearables on devices or clothing that are worn daily may represent a useful strategy to improve compliance and regular monitoring of gait. The current investigation examined the validity of innovative smart glasses to measure gait among pwPD. Participants wore the smart glasses and 6 APDM gait sensors simultaneously, while performing two walking tasks: the 3-meters Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the 7-meters Stand and Walk (SAW) test. The following spatiotemporal gait parameters were calculated from the data collected using the two different devices: step time, step length, swing percentage, TUG duration, turn duration, and turn velocity. A total of 31 pwPD (mean age=68.6±8.5 years; 35.48 % female(N=11), mean Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score=32.1±14.7) participated in the study. Smart glasses achieved high validity in measuring step time (ICC=0.92, p=0.01) and TUG duration (ICC=0.96, p=0.03) compared to APDM sensors. On the other hand, the smart glasses did not achieve adequate validity when measuring step length, swing percentage, turn duration or turn velocity. The current study suggests that smart glasses has the potential to measure TUG and step time in individuals living with PD. However, further research is needed to improve algorithms for sensors worn on the head. • Smart glasses show potential to measure gait in people with PD. • Identified the need of algorithm development for estimating gait with sensors location on the head. • Identified the need for regulating sampling rate in task of measuring gait using accelerometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior (SIQ-Jr) were designed to capture suicidal ideation in adolescents and are often used in clinical trials. Our aim was to identify and appraise the published literature with respect to the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability of the SIQ and SIQ-Jr. We conducted a systematic review following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines to identify, appraise, and synthesize published literature on measurement properties and interpretability of the SIQ and SIQ-Jr. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May 16, 2023, to identify sources relevant to our aim. We identified 15 sources meeting our eligibility criteria. The body of literature did not meet COSMIN standards to make recommendations for use with regard to these measurement instruments. Further research is needed, with a focus on content validity and structural validity, prior to recommending the SIQ and SIQ-Jr for use in clinical practice and in clinical trials. No specific grant funding was used for this review. In this systematic review, authors analyzed 15 sources examining measurement properties of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Jr. Both measures are designed to capture suicidal ideation in adolescents and are used in clinical practice and clinical trials. The authors identified sufficient evidence for convergent validity for both measures. Authors concluded that further research is needed to support content validity, structural validity as a unidimensional scale (as they are often used) as well as their internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminative validity, predictive validity, and interpretability of these measures. The authors also emphasize the need to consider the limitations of these measures for researchers studying suicidal ideation and clinicians using these measures in their assessments of young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The reliability and validity of SNAQ for Chinese elderly people were verified for the first time. • It provides a nutritional screening tool for the coming of serious aging in China. • More attention should be paid to anorexia of aging in communities. To investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire (SNAQ). The SNAQ was translated and back-translated for the study population. We surveyed 122 community-dwelling residents aged ≥60 years in Beijing's residential communities. Participants underwent face-to-face surveys including the SNAQ, mini-nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF), FRAIL scale, Sarcopenia-Five (SCAR-F), 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), 8-item Oral Frailty Index (OFI-8), 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the internal consistency and the relationship between individual items. The construct validity was verified using the KMO-Bartlett. Concurrent validity was established to validate measures of the same constructs. Cronbach's alpha measured the internal consistency of the questionnaire at 0.694. The split-half reliability stood at 0.725. The construct validity of the SNAQ was confirmed using a KMO-Bartlett value of 0.648 (P <0.001). The MNA-SF, as validation benchmark, has a correlation coefficient of 0.345 (P =0.001). The Chinese version of the SNAQ has good reliability and validity for older adults in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This review establishes a baseline in the study of the psychometric properties of the different short versions of the ZBI instrument. • Different versions of the ZBI, consisting of a variable number of items and applied to different contexts, were identified. • Most of the short versions of the ZBI demonstrated content and construct validity, supported by high internal consistency. • Measurement invariance, criterion validity and test-retest reliability were not established for all measures tested, and structural validity was not satisfactory for all short versions of the ZBI. This comprehensive review assessed the psychometric properties of abbreviated versions of the Caregiver Burden Instrument (ZBI-22). Initially, 40 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified through a systematic search of four databases. Additionally, 26 articles were included through manual searches, totaling 66 articles in the analysis. Different versions of instruments measuring caregiver burden were examined, considering item variability and differences in factor structures. Although most measures exhibited satisfactory content validity, as well as construct validity supported by high internal consistencies, it is important to note that measurement invariance, criterion validity and test-retest reliability were not established for all measures analyzed. Furthermore, structural validity was not satisfactory for all versions. Research and clinical practice could benefit from a standardized approach that allows for a more accurate and consistent assessment of caregiver strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of the psychosocial status assessment scale for parents with children aged 1 to 3 years. This study was conducted with 336 parents with children aged 1 to 3 between November 15 and December 15, 2022. Data were collected using the Parent and Child Descriptive Data Form and the Psychosocial Status Assessment Form for Parents (1–3 years of age). The validity of the scale was tested with content validity and construct validity. To determine the reliability of the scale, the test-retest, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and item total score correlation coefficient were examined. The scale showed a total explained variance of 44%. Factor loadings were found to be higher than 0.30 in both explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses. Explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis fit indexes of the scale, which consists of four factors with a total of 25 items, were found as Chi-square/degree of freedom = 1.803, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.04, Comparative Fit Index = 0.90, Incremental Fit Index = 0.90, Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.90, and Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.88. The Cronbach's alpha reliability value was 0.81, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.81. The scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the psychosocial well-being of children aged 1to 3 years. The scale can be utilized by parents of children aged 1 to 3 years to evaluate their children's psychosocial status, providing them with valuable insights into their well-being. • The scale offers a sensitive approach to early psychosocial issues. • The new scale is valid, reliable, and trustworthy. • The scale aids in psychosocial assessments and early interventions for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Resilience Scale for Young Children. This study used a methodological and descriptive design. The study was conducted with 210 parents of children aged 2–6 years at a Family Health Centre in Sakarya from June 2023 to January 2024. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews via a Descriptive Information Form and the Chinese Resilience Scale for Young Children. Translation processes, expert opinions, and content validity were meticulously addressed. Data analysis was utilized by IBM SPSS Statistics and AMOS 24. The mean age of parents was 35.85 ± 6.52 years, and 82.9% of the parents were mothers (n = 174). The item-content validity index (I-CVI) ranged between 0.81 and 0.94, indicating a high level of agreement between the experts. The Cronbach's alpha value for the scale was 0.791. In the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the distribution of the items according to the sub-dimensions was consistent with the original scale. Confirmatory factor analysis results are as follows: chi-square/df = 2.395, RMSEA = 0.082, GFI = 0.842, CFI = 0.853, IFI = 0.856, RFI = 0.726, NFI = 0.776 and TLI = 0.820. This study revealed that the Turkish scale with four sub-dimensions and 16 items is a valid and reliable tool. It is recommended to use the Turkish version of the Resilience Scale for Young Children to assess resilience in children aged 2–6 years. • This study was conducted to evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the Resilience Scale for Young Children. • The Turkish version of the Resilience Scale for Young Children showed good psychometric properties. • The scale is recommended for assessing resilience in children aged 2–6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]