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We introduce a method for translating an alternating weak Büchi automaton (AWA), which corresponds to a Linear Dynamic Logic (LDL) formula, to an unambiguous Büchi automaton (UBA). Our translations generalize constructions for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), a less expressive specification language than LDL. In classical constructions, LTL formulas are first translated to alternating very weak Büchi automata (AVAs)—automata that have only singleton strongly connected components (SCCs); these AVAs are then handled by efficient disambiguation procedures. However, general AWAs can have larger SCCs, which complicates disambiguation. Currently, the only available disambiguation procedure has to go through an intermediate construction of nondeterministic Büchi automata (NBAs), which would incur an exponential blow-up of its own. We introduce a translation from general AWAs to UBAs with a singly exponential blow-up, which also immediately provides a singly exponential translation from LDL to UBAs. Interestingly, the complexity of our translation is smaller than the best known disambiguation algorithm for NBAs (broadly (0.53 n) n vs. (0.76 n) n), while the input of our construction can be exponentially more succinct. • We have presented the first singly exponential translation of AWAs to UBAs. • The translation complexity to UBAs from AWAs is lower than from NBAs while AWAs can be exponentially smaller than NBAs. • We have established an exponential lower bound for the translation from AWAs to UBAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing list of diverse biological systems and their equally diverse functionalities provides realizations of a paradigm of emergent behavior. In each of these biological systems, pervasive ensembles of weak, short-lived, spatially local interactions act autonomously to convey functionalities at larger spatial and temporal scales. In this article, a range of diverse systems and functionalities are presented in a cursory manner with literature citations for further details. Then two systems and their properties are discussed in more detail: yeast chromosome biology and human respiratory mucus. • A paradigm of emergent functional behavior in biological systems is presented. • Pervasive transient and local interactions activate "primary" biomolecular species. • Autonomous, system-scale, and biologically essential functionality emerges. • In vivo and in silico dynamic genome organization in live yeast are highlighted. • Experimental data, analysis, and modeling of human bronchial mucus are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present the results and conclusions from the citizen science competition ‘Observing Dark Worlds’, where we asked participants to calculate the positions of dark matter halos from 120 catalogues of simulated weak lensing galaxy data, using computational methods. In partnership with Kaggle (http://www.kaggle.com), 357 users participated in the competition which saw 2278 downloads of the data and 3358 submissions. We found that the best algorithms improved on the benchmark code, LENSTOOL by and could measure the positions of halos to and to within . In this paper, we present a brief overview of the winning algorithms with links to available code. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An effective field theory for the weak decay is developed beyond , where q is the transferred momentum. A leading order fit for the low energy constants is presented. Explicit expressions for the loop contributions are provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we present a weak blind signature scheme based on the correlation of EPR (Einstein–Padolsky–Rosen) pairs. Different from classical blind signature schemes and current quantum signature schemes, our quantum blind signature scheme could guarantee not only the unconditionally security but also the anonymity of the message owner. To achieve that, quantum key distribution and one-time pad are adopted in our scheme. Experimental analysis proved that our scheme have the characteristics of non-counterfeit, non-disavowal, blindness and traceability. It has a wide application to E-payment system, E-government, E-business, and etc. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Let G be a graph. Then μ(G)⩽|V(G)|−δ(G) where μ(G) denotes the weak or independent weak domination number of G and μ(G)⩽|V(G)|−Δ(G) where μ(G) denotes the strong or independent strong domination number of G. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for equality to hold in each case and also describe specific classes of graphs for which equality holds. Finally, we show that the problems of computing iw and ist are NP-hard, even for bipartite graphs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: Blood group analysis is a basic immunohematological test. It should be noted that A, B, O and AB have various subgroups. Here, the authors used the advanced nanomedicine technique for modification of the basic blood group test for detection of weak B subgroup. Of interest, it can be seen that gold nanoparticle can help increase the agglutination reaction. Study design: The preparation of gold nanoparticle solution in this study was according to the standard method reported by Frenkel et al. The author performed an experiment on several conditions on weak B3 blood group sample, Anti B and gold nanoparticle solution. Results: In this study, the author found that more agglutination can be detected in the system of antigen, antibody and gold nanoparticle than in the system of only system of antigen and antibody. Conclusion: This application can help diagnosis of weak blood group and can be the alternative way for the blood group test. This is the first world report on this application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]