41 results on '"Alessandra Cincinelli"'
Search Results
2. First Record of Plastic Ingestion by a Freshwater Stingray
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Paulo A.A. Trindade, Lúcio D.M. Brabo, Ryan Andrades, Valter M. Azevedo-Santos, Marcelo C. Andrade, Laura Candore, Serena B. Cabigliera, David Chelazzi, Alessandra Cincinelli, Carson A. Jeffres, and Tommaso Giarrizzo
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Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2023
3. Microplastic occurrence and phthalate ester levels in neuston samples and skin biopsies of filter-feeding megafauna from La Paz Bay (Mexico)
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Matteo Galli, Tabata Olavarrieta Garcia, Matteo Baini, Jorge Urbán R, Deni Ramírez-Macías, Lorena Viloria-Gómora, Cristina Panti, Tania Martellini, Alessandra Cincinelli, and Maria Cristina Fossi
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Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Pollution - Published
- 2023
4. The importance of in-year seasonal fluctuations for biomonitoring of apex predators: A case study of 14 essential and non-essential elements in the liver of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo) in the United Kingdom
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Shinji Ozaki, Paola Movalli, Alessandra Cincinelli, Nikiforos Alygizakis, Alexander Badry, Jacqueline S. Chaplow, Daniela Claßen, René W.R. J. Dekker, Beverley Dodd, Guy Duke, Jan Koschorreck, M. Glória Pereira, Elaine Potter, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Sarah Thacker, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Gabriele Treu, and Lee Walker
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,Pollution - Published
- 2023
5. Ingestion of microplastics and textile cellulose particles by some meiofaunal taxa of an urban stream
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Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Serena Benedetta Cabigliera, Tania Martellini, Marco Laurati, David Chelazzi, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, and Alessandra Cincinelli
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Fluorescence microscopy ,Focal plane array detectors ,Functional traits ,Metazoan meiofauna ,Nile red ,μFTIR ,Animals ,Microplastics ,Plastics ,Ecosystem ,Cellulose ,Textiles ,Eating ,Environmental Monitoring ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Copepoda ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Chemical ,Environmental Chemistry ,Water Pollutants ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution - Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and textile cellulose are globally pervasive pollutants in freshwater. In-situ studies assessing the ingestion of MPs by freshwater meiofauna are few. Here, we evaluated MP and textile cellulose ingestion by some meiofaunal taxa and functional guilds of a first-order stream in the city of Florence (Italy) by using a tandem microscopy approach (fluorescence microscopy and μFTIR). The study targeted five taxa (nematodes, oligochaetes, copepods, ephemeropterans and chironomids), three feeding (scrapers, deposit-feeders, and predators), and three locomotion (crawlers, burrowers, and swimmers) guilds. Fluorescent particles related to both MPs and textile cellulose resulted in high numbers in all taxa and functional guilds. We found the highest number of particles in nematodes (5200 particles/ind.) and deposit-feeders (1693 particles/ind.). Oligochaetes and chironomids (burrowers) ingested the largest particles (medium length: 28 and 48 μm, respectively), whereas deposit-feeders ingested larger particles (medium length: 26 μm) than scrapers and predators. Pellets were abundant in all taxa, except for Chironomidae. Textile cellulose fibers were present in all taxa and functional guilds, while MP polymers (EVA, PET, PA, PE, PE-PP) differed among taxa and functional guilds. In detail: EVA and PET particles were found only in chironomids, PE particles occurred in chironomids, copepods and ephemeropterans, PA particles were found in all taxa except in nematodes, whereas particles made of PE-PP blend occurred in oligochaetes and copepods. Burrowers and deposit-feeders ingested EVA, PET, PA, PE and PE-PP, while crawlers and scrapers ingested PE and PA. Swimmers and predators ingested PE, PA and PE-PP. Our findings suggest a pervasive level of plastic and textile cellulose pollution consistent with an urban stream which propagates in the meiofaunal assemblage of the stream ecosystem.
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- 2023
6. Ingestion of Microplastics and Textile Cellulose Particles by Some Meiofaunal Taxa of an Urban Stream
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Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Serena Benedetta Cabigliera, Tania Martellini, Marco Laurati, David Chelazzi, and Alessandra Cincinelli
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
7. Making use of apex predator sample collections: an integrated workflow for quality assured sample processing, analysis and digital sample freezing of archived samples
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Alexander Badry, Heinz Rüdel, Bernd Göckener, Maria-Christina Nika, Nikiforos Alygizakis, Georgios Gkotsis, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Gabriele Treu, Rene W.R.J. Dekker, Paola Movalli, Lee A. Walker, Elaine D. Potter, Alessandra Cincinelli, Tania Martellini, Guy Duke, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Jan Koschorreck, and Publica
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Quality Control ,Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Pollution ,Ecology and Environment ,Quality assurance ,Workflow ,Specimen Handling ,Apex predator ,Chemistry ,European sample collections ,Freezing ,Data and Information ,Non-target screening ,Environmental Chemistry ,Digital sample freezing platform ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Using monitoring data from apex predators for chemicals risk assessment can provide important information on bioaccumulating as well as biomagnifying chemicals in food webs. A survey among European institutions involved in chemical risk assessment on their experiences with apex predator data in chemical risk assessment revealed great interest in using such data. However, the respondents indicated that constraints were related to expected high costs, lack of standardisation and harmonised quality criteria for exposure assessment, data access, and regulatory acceptance/application. During the Life APEX project, we demonstrated that European sample collections (i.e. environmental specimen banks (ESBs), research collection (RCs), natural history museums (NHMs)) archive a large variety of biological samples that can be readily used for chemical analysis once appropriate quality assurance/control (QA/QC) measures have been developed and implemented. We therefore issued a second survey on sampling, processing and archiving procedures in European sample collections to derive key quality QA/QC criteria for chemical analysis. The survey revealed great differences in QA/QC measures between ESBs, NHMs and RCs. Whereas basic information such as sampling location, date and biometric data were mostly available across institutions, protocols to accompany the sampling strategy with respect to chemical analysis were only available for ESBs. For RCs, the applied QA/QC measures vary with the respective research question, whereas NHMs are generally less aware of e.g. chemical cross-contamination issues. Based on the survey we derived key indicators for assessing the quality of biota samples that can be easily implemented in online databases. Furthermore, we provide a QA/QC workflow not only for sampling and processing but also for the chemical analysis of biota samples. We focussed on comprehensive analytical techniques such as non-target screening and provided insights into subsequent storage of high-resolution chromatograms in online databases (i.e. digital sample freezing platform) to ultimately support chemicals risk assessment.
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- 2022
8. First assessment of microplastic and artificial microfiber contamination in surface waters of the Amazon Continental Shelf
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Arnaldo Fabrício dos Santos Queiroz, Amanda Saraiva da Conceição, David Chelazzi, Marcelo Rollnic, Alessandra Cincinelli, Tommaso Giarrizzo, and José Eduardo Martinelli Filho
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Environmental Engineering ,Rivers ,Microplastics ,Environmental Chemistry ,Plastics ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The composition and distribution of microplastics (MPs) in the Brazilian Amazon Continental Shelf surface waters are described for the first time. The study was conducted during the 2018 rainy and dry seasons, using 57 water samples collected with aluminum buckets and filtered through a 64-μm mesh. The samples were vacuum-filtered in a still-air box, and the content of each filter was measured, counted, and classified. A total of 12,288 floating MPs were retrieved; particles were present at all 57 sampling points. The mean MP abundance was 3593 ± 2264 items·m
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- 2022
9. PBDEs and PCBs in terrestrial ecosystems of the Victoria Land, Antarctica
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Davide Baroni, Alessandra Cincinelli, Tania Martellini, Nicolas Pala, and Simonetta Corsolini
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Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Polybrominated Biphenyls ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Antarctic Regions ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Freshwater ecosystem ,Soil ,Algae ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Ecology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Sediment ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Vegetation ,biology.organism_classification ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Lakes ,chemistry ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Environmental Pollutants ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The Victoria Land (East Antarctica) is characterized by the presence of lakes and ponds where rare water is found during the Summer months. These freshwater ecosystems are an important resource for migrating seabirds that use them and leave there their droppings and feathers, contributing to enrich the water with organic matter. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are long-range transported to polar regions and their detection in the Antarctic ecosystems date back to the 1960s. Most studies have been related to POP concentrations in marine environment, and terrestrial ecosystems have been poorly investigated. This study reports the concentration of PBDEs (23 congeners) and PCBs (21 among non-, mono-, di-, and ortho congeners) in lake sediment, soil and vegetation mat (community of algae, cyanobacteria, bryophites) collected close to six lakes in the Victoria Land (74°31'S-74°97'S, 165°07'E-162°51'E): Edmonson Point 14 and 15A, Carezza, Enigma, Tarn Flat 20, Inexpressible Island 10B. The ∑PBDEs averaged 0.09-0.28 ng/g and BDEs 28, 47 and 154 were higher in mat and soils, while BDEs 183 and 47 in sediment samples. PCBs ranged0.003-0.807 ng/g and congeners nos. 114, 138, and 187 were the most abundant. In addition, TEQs were derived for the non-and mono-ortho PCBs detected and values were very low in each matrix (0.010 pg/g in the soil, 0.012 pg/g in sediment and mat). The long-range atmospheric transport can be confirmed as the most important POP source in Antarctica, although the scientific stations and seabird colonies may be potential local sources and contribute to contaminant release.
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- 2019
10. Organic micropollutants in the surface riverine sediment along the lower stretch of the transboundary river Ganga: Occurrences, sources and ecological risk assessment
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Srimurali Sampath, Daniel D. Snow, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Paromita Chakraborty, Alessandra Cincinelli, Moitraiyee Mukhopadhyay, and Babu Rajendran Ramaswamy
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,India ,STREAMS ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rivers ,Ecological risk ,Cities ,Transect ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Domestic waste ,Sediment ,Estuary ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Triclosan ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Estuaries ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The Hooghly River (HR) estuary is the first deltaic off-shoot of the perennial and transboundary river, Ganga, India. HR receives industrial and domestic waste along with storm-water run-off from Kolkata city and the adjoining districts. Organic micropollutants (OMPs) have been collectively termed for plasticizers, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which are extensively consumed and disposed in the waste streams. Hence emerging OMPs were investigated to obtain the first baseline data from the Hooghly riverine sediment (HRS) along urban and suburban transects using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentration range of OMPs in the HRS varied between 3 and 519 ng/g for carbamazepine, 5–407 ng/g for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 2–26 ng/g for musk ketone, 2–84 ng/g for triclosan, 2–199 ng/g for bisphenol A (BPA), 2–422 ng/g for plasticizers (phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA)) and 87–593 ng/g for parabens. Carbamazepine concentration in sediment was an useful marker for untreated wastewater in urban waterways. High concentrations of BPA and PAEs in the suburban industrial corridor together with significant correlation between these two type of OMPs (r2 = 0.5; p
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- 2019
11. Residential wood combustion and its impact on urban air quality in Europe
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Tania Martellini, Roberto Scodellini, Alessandra Cincinelli, and Cristiana Guerranti
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Particulates ,Combustion ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Aerosol ,Human health ,European policy ,Environmental protection ,Sustainability ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Biomass burning ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The review aimed to evaluate the sustainability of wood biomass burning for energy production and its contribution to the air quality and impact to human health in different European cities and to highlight the most important steps to lower particulate aerosol emissions. The contribution of residential wood combustion resulted to be relevant to the particulate matter (PM) mass, with great discrepancies in biomass burning contribution to PM mass in European cities due to the different investigated seasons and different degree by the use of wood as fuel for residential heating. The importance of source apportionment of atmospheric aerosol for the implementation of effective strategies to control PM emissions and assess health effects due to air quality was also evidenced. Two major issues emerged from the critical literature analysis: the need of high-quality emission inventories and European policy strategies, such as replacement of old burning devices with improved lower emission ones.
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- 2019
12. ‘Cocktails and dreams’: the indoor air quality that people are exposed to while sleeping
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Alessandra Cincinelli and Athanasios Katsoyiannis
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Indoor air quality ,Environmental Chemistry ,Quality (business) ,Business ,Marketing ,Air quality index ,Research question ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Abstract
People spend more than 90% of their time indoors and a very big part of that time inside their bedrooms, suggesting that the quality of the air that people breathe during sleeping is of particular importance and can play an important role in our overall exposure to chemicals and also in our well-being. The bedrooms' air quality is, according to the authors’ opinion, rather neglected in most studies, and with this opinion article, we try to bring this research question into more attention of the scientific community and also of the society and public authorities. Even though there are always more articles dealing with indoor air quality (IAQ) and new or emerging chemicals, the number of studies that address the IAQ in bedrooms is not proportionally increasing, let alone the fact that even studies that monitor air quality in bedrooms sometimes do not focus on the IAQ during the sleeping periods to simulate exactly what are the IAQ problems during an entire night. Herein, we explain why, in our opinion, the air quality in bedrooms should be addressed in a different way than other microenvironments and why this kind of research should be further intensified to help authorities and environmental agencies correctly assess the exposure of individuals to indoor toxic pollutants.
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- 2019
13. A potpourri of microplastics in the sea surface and water column of the Mediterranean Sea
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Tommaso Giarrizzo, Costanza Scopetani, Alessandra Cincinelli, David Chelazzi, Tania Martellini, and Cristiana Guerranti
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Mediterranean climate ,geography ,Microplastics ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Plastisphere ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Oceanography ,Water column ,Mediterranean sea ,Ocean gyre ,Marine debris ,Litter ,Environmental science ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
This review provides insight into the abundance, origin, distribution and composition of MPs in the sea surface and water column of the Mediterranean Sea. Literature data on MP particles on the sea surface showed an evident heterogeneous distribution and composition, with marked geographical differences between Mediterranean sub-basins. A standardized protocol for water sampling, extraction and detection of plastic debris is strongly recommended. The heterogenicity of MPs distribution and its concentration levels could be related to several factors, such as the different methodological approaches. In addition, the influence of hydrodynamic features such as currents, up and down-welling, gyres and fronts could also be responsible for this heterogeneity in concentrations. Marine litter modelling studies have been applied to understand litter sources, fate, transport and accumulation in oceans. Recent studies focused on the “plastisphere” in order to better understand the potential risk of pathogen dispersion with plastic transport in the Mediterranean Sea.
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- 2019
14. Hazardous contaminants in plastics contained in compost and agricultural soil
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Costanza Scopetani, David Chelazzi, Alessandra Cincinelli, Tania Martellini, Ville Leiniö, Jukka Pellinen, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, and Environmental Sciences
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microplastics, contaminants, soil ,Environmental Engineering ,Composting ,Microplastics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,SEWAGE-SLUDGE ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,ACETYL TRIBUTYL CITRATE ,MASS-SPECTROMETRY ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,MARINE DEBRIS ,Pollution ,ORGANIC POLLUTANTS ,POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS ,MICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS ,FT-IR ,Soil ,NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES ,POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Plastics ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
Macro-, meso-and microplastic (MAP, MEP, MP) occurrence in compost is an environmental issue whose extent and effects are not yet understood. Here, we studied the occurrence of MAPs, MEPs and MPs in compost samples, and the transfer of hazardous contaminants from plastics to compost and soil. MAPs/MEPs and MPs concentrations in compost were 6.5 g/kg and 6.6 +/- 1.5 pieces/kg; from common recommendations for compost application, we estimated similar to 4-23 x 10(7) pieces MPs and 4-29 x 10(4) g MAPs/MEPs ha(-1) per year ending into agricultural soils fertilized with such compost. Regarding contaminants, bis(ethylhexyl) phthalate, acetyl tributyl citrate, dodecane and nonanal were extracted in higher concentrations from plastics and plastic-contaminated compost than from compost where MAPs/MEPs had been removed prior to extraction and analysis. However, some contaminants were present even after MAPs/MEPs removal, ascribable to short-and long-term release by MAPs/MEPs, and to the presence of MPs. DEHP concentration was higher in soils where compost was applied than in fields where it was not used. These results, along with estimations of plastic load to soil from the use of compost, show that compost application is a source of plastic pollution into agricultural fields, and that plastic might transfer hazardous contaminants to soil.
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- 2022
15. A snapshot of microplastics in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea
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Alberto Ugolini, Cristiana Guerranti, Alessandra Cincinelli, Costanza Scopetani, David Chelazzi, and Tania Martellini
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Mediterranean climate ,Microplastics ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Estuary ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Mediterranean sea ,Oceanography ,Marine debris ,Tributary ,Environmental science ,Plastic pollution ,Spectroscopy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is affected by one of the most significant plastic pollution worldwide. This review critically evaluates the most recent literature on the presence of microplastics in sediments, suggested to be long term sinks and have a high potential to accumulate this kind of marine debris. A picture of microplastic levels in coastal environments is given, evidencing information gaps and considering also estuary, lagoons and areas influenced by the contribution of rivers. A wide range of contamination levels has been found, with the highest in lagoon and estuary environments. The lack of homogeneity in the methods of study and the need to harmonize the latter and the expression of the results in addition to the need to obtain data on the contributions of the main tributaries of the Mediterranean and on lagoons, are other important considerations taken.
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- 2018
16. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface waters and riverine sediments of the Hooghly and Brahmaputra Rivers in the Eastern and Northeastern India
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Bhupander Kumar, Paromita Chakraborty, Daniel D. Snow, Sanjenbam Nirmala Khuman, and Alessandra Cincinelli
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China ,Geologic Sediments ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fish species ,India ,Sediment ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Rivers ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Dominance (ecology) ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Transect ,Biomass burning ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Surface water ,Effluent ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Carcinogenic potency ,Environmental Monitoring ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were analyzed in surface waters and riverine sediments of Brahmaputra and Hooghly Rivers, along urban-suburban-rural transects. ∑16 PAHs concentrations were higher in Hooghly riverine sediment (HRS) (Avg, 445 ng g−1) than Brahmaputra riverine sediment (BRS) (Avg, 169 ng g−1) dominated by 4-ring PAHs. In contrast, PAHs concentrations in surface water of Brahmaputra River (BRW) (Avg, 4.04 μg L−1) were comparable with Hooghly River (HRW) (Avg, 4.8 μg L−1), with dominance by 3-ring PAHs. Toxic PAHs (BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, InP and DBA) were dominant in sub-urban transect of HRS (Avg, 387 ng g−1) and BRS (Avg, 14 ng g−1). Diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and ring wise composition suggested combustion as the main PAHs source in these riverine belts. In BRS, higher PAHs in suburban and rural transects were attributed to incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning. In HRS, >85% of high molecular weight PAHs were found in the industrial areas of the suburban transect possibly associated with the discharge of industrial effluents. Harbor and port activities were other major contributors of HMW-PAHs in Hooghly riverine system. Carcinogenic potency estimated in terms of toxic equivalent (TEQ) was several folds higher in HRS (Avg, 106 ng TEQ g−1) compared with BRS (Avg, 2.5 ng TEQ g−1). Mostly low molecular weight PAHs are likely posing a risk to fishes in both the rivers. Risk on edible fish species may be a matter of concern considering the regular consumption of fishes in this region.
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- 2018
17. PCBs and PCDD/Fs in soil from informal e-waste recycling sites and open dumpsites in India: Levels, congener profiles and health risk assessment
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Masafumi Nakamura, Alessandra Cincinelli, John J. Bang, Paromita Chakraborty, Sakthivel Selvaraj, and Balasubramanian Prithiviraj
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Pollution ,Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plastic materials ,India ,010501 environmental sciences ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic waste ,Electronic Waste ,Soil ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Recycling ,Waste recycling ,Cities ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Pollutant ,Health risk assessment ,Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Congener ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Growth of informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sector is an emerging problem for India. The presence of halogenated compounds in e-wastes may result in the formation of persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during recycling processes. We therefore investigated PCBs and PCDD/Fs in surface soils explicitly from the informal e-waste recycling sites and nearby open dumpsites of major metropolitan cities from four corners of India, viz., New Delhi (North), Kolkata (East), Mumbai (West) and Chennai (South). In the informal e-waste recycling sites, the range of Σ26PCBs (0.4–488 ng/g) and ƩPCDD/Fs (1.0–10.6 ng/g) were higher than Ʃ26PCBs (0.3–21 ng/g) and ƩPCDD/Fs (0.15–7.3 ng/g) from open dumpsites. In the e-waste sites, ƩPCDDs were found with increasing trend from ƩTetraCDD to OctaCDD, whereas ƩPCDFs showed a reverse trend. The dominance of PCDF congeners and maximum toxicity equivalents (TEQ) for both PCDDs (17 pg TEQ/g) and PCDFs (82 pg TEQ/g) at Mandoli in New Delhi has been related to intensive precious metal recovery process using acid bath. Among dumpsites, highest TEQ for PCDD/Fs was observed at Kodangaiyur dumpsite of Chennai (CNDS-02, 45 pg TEQ/g). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model identified distinct congener pattern based on the functional activities, such as e-waste dismantling, shredding, precious metal recovery and open burning in dumpsites. E-waste metal recovery factor was loaded with 86–91% of PCB-77, -105, -114, -118 and 30% of PCB-126, possibly associated with the burning of wires during the copper extraction process. Almost 70% of the Ʃ26PCB concentrations was comprised of the dioxin-like PCB congeners with a maximum concentration of 437 ng/g at New Moore market in Chennai, followed by Wire Lane (102 ng/g), in Mumbai. We speculate that PCB-126 might have resulted from combustion of plastic materials in e-waste stream and dumped waste.
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- 2018
18. Occurrence and characterization of microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in the Migliarino San Rossore, Massaciuccoli Nature Park (Italy)
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Costanza Scopetani, Alessandra Cincinelli, Jukka Pellinen, Alberto Ugolini, David Chelazzi, Chiara Sarti, and Tania Martellini
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Pollution ,Microplastics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Nature park ,Marine debris ,Environmental monitoring ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,6. Clean water ,Summer season ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Environmental Pollution ,0210 nano-technology ,Plastic pollution ,Plastics ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Microplastics pollution is progressively threatening natural parks across the world. In the framework of monitoring this concerning trend, the present study focuses on the occurrence and identification of mesoplastics (MEPs) and microplastics (MPs) in sand samples collected before and after the summer season from the beach of the Nature Park of Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli (Pisa, Italy). Meso- and microplastics were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 2D Imaging, and detected in all samples with average concentrations of 207 ± 30 MPs/kg d.w., and 100 ± 44 MEPs/kg d.w., respectively. Seasonal changes of flow of the Arno River, industrial activities, and urban footprint were considered as the major sources of plastic pollution. Our results showed the occurrence of both natural and synthetic polymers including cellulose, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate, and acrylonitrile.
- Published
- 2021
19. Evaluation of a QuEChERS-like extraction approach for the determination of PBDEs in mussels by immuno-assay-based screening methods
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Alessandra Cincinelli, Francesca Bettazzi, Tania Martellini, Ilaria Palchetti, Weilin L. Shelver, Sara Romanelli, and Roberta Galarini
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Detection limit ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Mussel ,010501 environmental sciences ,Quechers ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Certified reference materials ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Equivalent concentration ,Sample preparation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A sample preparation method was evaluated for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in mussel samples, by using colorimetric and electrochemical immunoassay-based screening methods. Herein, a rapid procedure based on QuEChERS-like extraction approach followed by solid phase purification was optimized for PBDE extraction from mussel samples. The detection limits for colorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays, calculated as BDE-47 equivalent concentration, were 0.6 ng g−1 and 1.1 ng g−1, respectively. Real mussel samples, including a Certified Reference Material (CRM), were analyzed. The samples were measured by colorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays as well as by GC-MS. In comparison to GC-MS results, 106% and 102% relative accuracy were obtained for the colorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays, respectively. The proposed method could be useful for massive environmental campaigns, being able to rapidly detect possible polluted seafood samples.
- Published
- 2017
20. Microplastic in the surface waters of the Ross Sea (Antarctica): Occurrence, distribution and characterization by FTIR
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Alessandra Cincinelli, Simonetta Corsolini, Emilia Lombardini, Costanza Scopetani, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Maria Cristina Fossi, David Chelazzi, and Tania Martellini
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Antarctica ,FTIR ,Microplastic ,Ross Sea ,Subsurface water ,Antarctic Regions ,Environmental Monitoring ,Oceans and Seas ,Plastics ,Seawater ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chemistry (all) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Mineralogy ,Chemical ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Water Pollutants ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Subsurface flow ,Spectroscopy ,Filtration ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Characterization (materials science) ,Fourier Transform Infrared ,Particle ,Sewage treatment - Abstract
This is the first survey to investigate the occurrence and extent of microplastic (MPs) contamination in sub surface waters collected near-shore and off-shore the coastal area of the Ross Sea (Antarctica). Moreover, a non-invasive method to analyze MPs, consisting in filtration after water sampling and analysis of the dried filter through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 2D Imaging, using an FPA detector, was proposed. The non-invasiveness of analytical set-up reduces potential bias and allows subsequent analysis of the filter sample for determination of other classes of contaminants. MPs ranged from 0.0032 to 1.18 particle per m3 of seawater, with a mean value of 0.17 ± 0.34 particle m−3, showing concentrations lower than those found in the oceans worldwide. MPs included fragments (mean 71.9 ± 21.6%), fibers (mean 12.7 ± 14.3%), and others (mean 15.4 ± 12.8%). The presence of different types of MPs was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, with predominant abundance of polyethylene and polypropylene. The potential environmental impact arising from scientific activities, such as marine activities for scientific purposes, and from the sewage treatment plant, was also evidenced.
- Published
- 2017
21. Plastic litter in aquatic environments of Maremma Regional Park (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): Contribution by the Ombrone river and levels in marine sediments
- Author
-
Cristiana Guerranti, Paolo Fastelli, Costanza Scopetani, Monia Renzi, Alessandra Cincinelli, Susanna Cannas, Guerranti, C., Cannas, S., Scopetani, C., Fastelli, P., Cincinelli, A., and Renzi, M.
- Subjects
Geologic Sediments ,Microplastics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fluvial ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Marine Strategy Framework Directive ,Human-impact ,Rivers ,Transitional environment ,Albegna river ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Waste Products ,Hydrology ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Microplastic ,Water Pollution ,Osa river ,Sediment ,Pollution ,Italy ,Litter ,Environmental science ,Plastics ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
During two surveys in 2015 and 2016, sediments samples were collected along the Ombrone river (Maremma Regional Park, province of Grosseto, Italy), in particular at its mouth and in the marine area in front of it, in order to quantify, identify and categorize plastic items (macro, meso and micro-plastics and colour, material etc.) and evaluate their potential sources. The Albegna and Osa rivers were identified as external areas of comparison. The results of the analysis showed different situations, especially as regards fluvial inputs, in addition to evidencing local provisions of plastic material derived from agricultural activities. The microplastics values per kg of sediment and the prevailing type of items found largely varied between the investigated sites (45–1069 items/kg dry sample).
- Published
- 2017
22. Legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in the freshwater ecosystem: A review
- Author
-
Riffat Naseem Malik, Kevin C. Jones, Mehreen Iqbal, Jun Li, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Ayesha Raza Butt, Alessandra Cincinelli, Jabir Hussain Syed, Gan Zhang, and Abida Farooqi
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Fresh Water ,Biota ,010501 environmental sciences ,Dechlorane plus ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Freshwater ecosystem ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Increased risk ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Ecosystem ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Flame Retardants ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In this review article, we have compiled and reviewed the previously published available literature on environmental distribution, behaviour, fate and regional trends of legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) including brominated (BFRs), organo-phosphate (OPFRs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and dechlorane plus (DP) in the freshwater ecosystem. Transport and fate is discussed briefly with the evidences of de-bromination, sedimentation and accumulation in biota. De-bromination of BDE-209 is considered of concern because the lower brominated congeners are more toxic and mobile thus posing increased risk to the freshwater ecosystem. The available data on temporal and spatial trends as yet, is too few to show any consistent trends, enabling only general conclusions to be drawn. There is a lack of temporal studies in Asia, while, overall the trends are mixed, with both increasing and decreasing concentrations of BFRs and OPFRs. OPFRs and NBFRs have replaced classical BFRs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) in some countries but the amount of PBDEs in the environment is still considerable. Knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research are discussed emphasizing on further monitoring, advanced analytical methodologies, and risk assessment studies to completely understand the science of flame retardants in the freshwater ecosystem.
- Published
- 2017
23. Reclamation of river dredged sediments polluted by PAHs by co-composting with green waste
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli, E. Pascale, Giancarlo Renella, R. Natalini, Tania Martellini, and Paola Mattei
- Subjects
Pollution ,Co composting ,Geologic Sediments ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dredged sediments ,Chemical ,Technosol ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Rivers ,Land reclamation ,Reclamation ,PAHs contamination ,Environmental Chemistry ,Water Pollutants ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Environmental Restoration and Remediation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Pollutant ,Composting ,Environmental engineering ,Green Chemistry Technology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Bulk density ,Substrate (marine biology) ,Green waste ,Green wastes ,Italy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Co-composting ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Polluted dredged sediments are classified as waste and cannot be re-used in civil and environmental engineering nor in agriculture, posing serious logistical, economic and environmental problems for their management. We tested co-composting of sediments (S) slightly polluted by PAHs with urban green waste (GW), as a sustainable technique to both degrade the organic pollutants and lend to sediments suitable properties to be reused as technosol. Four treatments were tested: sediments only (S), GW only (GW), 1:1 w:w S:GW (SGW1:1), and 3:1 w:w S:GW (SGW3:1) for a co-composting period of one year. The co-composting materials underwent to an initial short and moderate thermophilic phase. However, at the end of the co-composting process, SGW3:1 and SGW1:1 achieved suitable physical and chemical properties as plant substrate in terms of organic C, N and humic substances contents, electrical conductivity and bulk density. In the first six months of treatment, the PAHs concentration in SGW3:1 and SGW1:1 was reduced by 26% and 57%, respectively, reaching values below under 1mgg(-1), whereas such a reduction in S alone was observed only after nine months. We concluded that co-composting with green waste can be a suitable approach for reclamation of dredged sediments opening opportunities for their use as technosol or as plant growing substrate.
- Published
- 2016
24. Microplastics in the Black Sea sediments
- Author
-
David Chelazzi, Alessandra Cincinelli, Costanza Scopetani, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Maria Pogojeva, and Tania Martellini
- Subjects
Polypropylene ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Microplastics ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sediment ,Polymer ,010501 environmental sciences ,Polyethylene ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Deep sea ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,law ,Environmental chemistry ,Black Sea ,FT-IR ,Marine pollution ,Microplastic ,Environmental Chemistry ,14. Life underwater ,Acrylonitrile ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Filtration ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this study the occurrence, morphology and identification of microplastics in Black Sea sediments collected at different depths (range 22–2131 m) were determined for the first time. The study explored the advantages and limitations of using a non-invasive method consisting of filtration of the supernatant from the mixture of sediment with saturated NaCl solution followed by FTIR 2D imaging for the identification of natural and synthetic polymers. The proposed method confirmed its potential for clear identification of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile, polyamides and cellulose-based fibers, but more difficulties when the filter substrate neighboring the fibers exhibits intense absorptions in the 1800–1000 cm−1 range. Microplastics (MPs) were determined in 83% of the investigated sediment samples. The average abundance in all samples was 106.7 items/kg. The highest pollution occurred on the North-Western shelf where the abundance of MPs was 10 times higher than in sediments from the deep sea. The most abundant plastic polymers were polyethylene and polypropylene, followed by acrylate and acrylonitrile copolymers. Polyamide and cellulose-based textile fibers were also found. The most frequent microplastic colors observed were black, blue and clear/transparent, while fibers represented the dominant microplastics in sediments.
- Published
- 2021
25. Ingestion of microplastics by Hypanus guttatus stingrays in the Western Atlantic Ocean (Brazilian Amazon Coast)
- Author
-
Kurt Schmid, Jorge Luiz Silva Nunes, David Chelazzi, Tommaso Giarrizzo, Francesco Sarti, Tamyris Pegado, Thais Teixeira Gava, Alessandra Cincinelli, and Lucio Brabo
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Microplastics ,Future studies ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Eating ,Stingray ,Animals ,Humans ,Ingestion ,Skates, Fish ,Atlantic Ocean ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Amazon rainforest ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Aquatic ecosystem ,Pollution ,Fishery ,Environmental science ,Plastic pollution ,Plastics ,Brazil ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The present study documents, for the first time, the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by Longnose stingrays in the Western Atlantic Ocean. We examined 23 specimens of Hypanus guttatus from the Brazilian Amazon coast and found microplastic particles in the stomach contents of almost a third of the individuals. Fibers were the most frequent item (82%), blue was the most frequent color (47%) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) was the most frequent polymer recorded (35%), as identified by 2D imaging - Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The ingestion of microplastics by Longnose stingray has not been previously recorded. The findings of the present study thus provide an important baseline for future studies of microplastic ingestion by dasyatid rays and other batoid species in the Atlantic Ocean, and contribute to the broader understanding of the spatial and temporal dimensions of the growing problem of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems and organisms.
- Published
- 2021
26. Geo-accumulation and enrichment of trace metals in sediments and their associated risks in the Chenab River, Pakistan
- Author
-
Habib Bokhari, Nadeem Ali, Alessandra Cincinelli, Nida Hanif, Syeda Maria Ali, Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis, Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani, and Zafar Iqbal Tanveer
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sediment ,Metal toxicity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Contamination ,01 natural sciences ,Deposition (geology) ,Wastewater ,Mining engineering ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Environmental chemistry ,Tributary ,Economic Geology ,Enrichment factor ,Effluent ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this study the level of toxic metals (Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu) was determined in sediment samples from the Chenab River, Pakistan. The potential toxicity of studied metals was determined by evaluating enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and metal pollution index (MPI). Considering the spatial distributional patterns, the metal concentrations were higher at Trimmu Headwork site followed by Pujnad, Khanki, Marala and Qadirabad Headwork sites. Unusual higher concentrations in the deeper sediments were observed, suggesting a historical deposition of the investigated metals in the area. The Igeo and EF values revealed that sediments in this study were considerably polluted by Cd and Pb and moderately polluted by other metals. Evaluation of metal toxicity based on mean probable effect concentration PEC quotient confirmed that the Chenab River is seriously contaminated with Cd and Pb. Results of the spatial distribution pattern revealed that rapid industrialization and urbanization nearby the study area were probable sources of metal pollution. Proper measures should be taken by industrial units to ensure appropriate treatment of wastewater before disposing the toxic effluents into nearby tributaries. Government authorities must ensure strict enforcement of the National Environmental Quality (NEQ) standards of municipal and industrial effluents to save the Chenab River from further degradation.
- Published
- 2016
27. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs in Italy and implications for human exposure
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli, Giampiero Scortichini, Meri Lolini, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Tania Martellini, Gianfranco Diletti, and E. Lanciotti
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Dietary intake ,Food Contamination ,Environmental Exposure ,General Medicine ,Environmental exposure ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Gc nci ms ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Italy ,Human exposure ,Environmental chemistry ,Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ,Humans ,Environmental science ,Cancer risk ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Food Science ,Food contaminant - Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in various foodstuffs in Italy and the dietary intake was estimated. PBDEs were detected in all analysed samples at concentrations that spanned over five orders of magnitude. The most abundant congeners were the BDE-209, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. Fish oil and milk samples showed the highest PBDE concentrations among all samples. The daily dietary intake values were found to be in good agreement or higher to literature values, impacted mainly from the contribution of the analysed dairy products. The cancer risk values estimated for BDE-209 indicated that this specific risk associated with the studied foodstuffs is limited. Italy is one of the world-leading countries in the production of furniture and clothes and has extremely developed medium enterprise industrial sector, where PBDEs were historically used suggesting that their occurrence may be linked to these activities.
- Published
- 2016
28. Olive oil-based method for the extraction, quantification and identification of microplastics in soil and compost samples
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli, Jukka Pellinen, Juha Mikola, Reijo Heikkinen, Costanza Scopetani, David Chelazzi, Ville Leiniö, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU)
- Subjects
Microplastics ,Environmental Engineering ,SURFACE ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,education ,FATE ,DEBRIS ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polyethylene terephthalate ,WATER ,PARTICLES ,Environmental Chemistry ,Olive Oil ,Waste Management and Disposal ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Compost ,Composting ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Polymer ,DEGRADATION ,Polyethylene ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,Polyvinyl chloride ,chemistry ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Polystyrene ,Plastics ,SEDIMENTS ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a pressing environmental concern over the past few years and their extraction from solid samples is a scientific challenge that needs to be faced and solved. Standardized and validated protocols for MPs extraction are lacking and the existing methodology, such as density separation, is often unable to separate high density polymers. The aim of our research was to develop a non-density based, inexpensive, simple and safe method to extract MPs from soil and compost samples. We tested an oil-based extracting technique exploiting the oleophilic properties of plastics. For validating the method, soil and compost samples were spiked with six different micro-polymers: polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane. The obtained results are promising, and the polymer density had only a small role in the recovery rate: low, medium and high density polymers reached a mean recovery rate of 90% ±2%, 97% ± 5% and 95% ± 4%, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
29. Self-contamination from clothing in microplastics research
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli, Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt, Costanza Scopetani, Stephan Pflugmacher, Heikki Setälä, David Chelazzi, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), and Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment
- Subjects
Pollution ,Geologic Sediments ,Microplastics ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Clothing ,Snow ,Cotton Fiber ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,business.industry ,Ice ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,Contamination ,Lakes ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Self-contamination should not be underestimated when quantifying microplastics (MPs) in environmental matrices. Standardised and validated methodologies for MP sampling, extraction, and analysis are lacking. The various applications of plastics in our society have made them ubiquitous, even in clothing, rendering MP self-contamination inevitable. In the present study, we sampled lake sediment, snow, and ice, purposefully wearing red overalls composed of cotton; fibres from which we could quantify using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), serving as an indication of possible self-contamination from clothes. The suitability of cotton as a representation of MP contamination was also evaluated. For all detected fibres, 25 ± 1%, 20 ± 7%, and 8 ± 6% for snow, ice, and sediment, respectively, originated from sampling attire. These findings demonstrate that self-contamination can play a significant role when quantifying MP pollution, highlighting that sampling conducted to date might have overestimated the presence of MP or even contaminated MP-free samples.
- Published
- 2020
30. Urban air pollution and human health
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli and Athanasios Katsoyiannis
- Subjects
Human health ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Environmental health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Air pollution ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,medicine.disease_cause - Published
- 2019
31. Cancer risk evaluation of brick kiln workers exposed to dust bound PAHs in Punjab province (Pakistan)
- Author
-
Tania Martellini, Alessandra Cincinelli, Atif Kamal, and Riffat Naseem Malik
- Subjects
Adult ,Pollution ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biomass smoke ,Air Pollutants, Occupational ,Risk Assessment ,Toxicology ,Cancer risk assessment ,Neoplasms ,Occupational Exposure ,Humans ,Industry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pakistan ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,Waste Management and Disposal ,media_common ,Principal Component Analysis ,Brick ,Waste management ,Construction Materials ,Dust ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Environmental science ,Brick kiln ,Surface dust ,Cancer risk - Abstract
Principal objective of this study was to evaluate the health risks of brick kiln workers to dust bound PAHs exposure in Punjab province (Pakistan). To this aim, surface dust samples were collected from brick kiln units located in Chung Khurd (Lahore city), Gujranwala city and Sohra village (in the vicinity of Gujranwala). The highest ΣPAH levels were measured in the dust samples collected in Sohdra village (mean 2578 ng g(-1) d.w., range 302-6757 ng g(-1) d.w.) followed by Gujranwala city (mean 957, range 16.1-1963 ng g(-1) d.w.) and Chung Khurd (mean 882, range 692-1007 ng g(-1) d.w.). Source identification using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis identified coal and wood combustion as the major PAHs sources. The cancer risk model (CR-Model 1) and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk model (ILCR-Model 2) were used to evaluate the cancer risk assessment via ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways. Both models suggested that brick kiln workers (including adults and children) were exposed to high-potential carcinogenic risk via both ingestion and dermal contact pathways during the brick making process. This study also emphasizes the need for pollution control in the brick kiln industry of Pakistan.
- Published
- 2014
32. The Italian National Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA): Contribution to the study of environmental contamination in the Ross Sea and Victoria Land, Antarctica
- Author
-
Simonetta Corsolini, Gabriele Capodaglio, Alessandra Cincinelli, and Roger Fuoco
- Subjects
Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia ,Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Contamination ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Polar Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Contamination ,Pollution ,Oceanography ,Geography ,Environmental Chemistry ,Polar Chemistry, Environmental Contamination ,Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica ,Settore CHIM/12 - Chimica dell'Ambiente e dei Beni Culturali - Published
- 2017
33. Occurrence of organic microcontaminants in the wastewater treatment process. A mini review
- Author
-
Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Alessandra Cincinelli, Arminda Alves, Nuno Ratola, and Faculdade de Engenharia
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0207 environmental engineering ,Cosmetics ,02 engineering and technology ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products ,Mini review ,Environmental Chemistry ,Civil engineering ,Organic Chemicals ,Pesticides ,020701 environmental engineering ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Flame Retardants ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Pollutant ,PAHs ,POPs ,PPCPs ,wastewater ,Pesticide ,Pollution ,6. Clean water ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,Engenharia civil ,Environmental science ,Engenharia civil [Ciências da engenharia e tecnologias] ,Sewage treatment ,Civil engineering [Engineering and technology] ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
A wastewater treatment plant may receive various types of wastewater namely, urban, industrial, agricultural, washout from the streets, wet or/and dry atmospheric deposition. As such, scientists have detected in wastewaters all major categories of pollutants like persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides, but also substances that are widely used as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, classified as “PPCPs” (pharmaceuticals and personal care products). Finally, the latest categories of compounds to be looked upon in these types of matrices are illicit drugs (drugs of abuse, like cocaine, etc.) and doping substances. This review article summarises major categories of organic microcontaminants that have been detected in wastewaters and studies their fate during the wastewater treatment process. Occurrence of these compounds in the influents and effluents are reported, as well as percents of removal, mass balances and phase distributions.
- Published
- 2012
34. Atmospheric pollution in city centres and urban environments. The impact of scientific, regulatory and industrial progress
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli and Athanasios Katsoyiannis
- Subjects
Pollution ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Atmospheric pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Environmental planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common - Published
- 2017
35. Comparison of nutritional and nutraceutical properties in cultivated fruits of Fragaria vesca L. produced in Italy
- Author
-
Edgardo Giordani, Alessandra Cincinelli, Donatella Fibbi, Saer Doumett, Stefania Nin, and Massimo Del Bubba
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,biology ,DPPH ,Rosaceae ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fragaria ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Botany ,medicine ,Cultivar ,Malic acid ,Sugar ,Food Science - Abstract
Individual sugars, organic acids, total polyphenols, vitamin C and antiradical activity (as measured by DPPH method) were quantified in cultivated Fragaria vesca berries, comparing different varieties (Regina delle Valli, Alpine, Sara and Valitutto) and different environments with regard to altitude. Cultivar effect mainly influenced the concentration of total polyphenols and antiradical activity which are strongly correlated (R2 = 0.91; P = 0.001); conversely, altitude seemed to exert an influence in sugar and organic acid composition. The comparison of the general quality of the most diffused cultivar of F. vesca (Regina delle Valli and Alpine) evidenced that both cultivars have the same nutritional properties, whereas Regina delle Valli is better than Alpine from the point of view of total polyphenolic content (716 vs 471 mg catechin/100 g fresh weight) and radical scavenging activity (301 vs 219 ml DPPH solution/100 g fresh weight), thus resulting more attractive from the health protecting attributes point of view. F. vesca berries showed also a concentration of sugars, citric acid, malic acid and total polyphenols much higher than those reported in literature for Fragaria x ananassa.
- Published
- 2011
36. Changes in tannins, ascorbic acid and sugar content in astringent persimmons during on-tree growth and ripening and in response to different postharvest treatments
- Author
-
Edgardo Giordani, Leonardo Checchini, L. Pippucci, Galvan P, M. Del Bubba, and Alessandra Cincinelli
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sucrose ,Astringent ,Chemistry ,Ripening ,Ascorbic acid ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polyphenol ,Botany ,Postharvest ,Tannin ,Sugar ,Food Science - Abstract
Changes in tannins, ascorbic acid and sugars in astringent persimmons ‘Rojo Brillante’ and ‘Kaki Tipo’ were investigated during fruit maturation and after postharvest treatments. Soluble tannins exhibited a significant initial increment, followed by a marked constant decrease that led to values between 0.2 and 0.3 g/100 g fresh weight (FW) in the last stage of maturity studied. During the entire period monitored, insoluble tannins represented the minor component of the total tannic fraction, accounting for 9–27% (Rojo Brillante) and 17–32% (Kaki Tipo) of total tannins; levels of insoluble tannins were comparable to or higher than the soluble tannins in softer fruits. Total vitamin C decreased from 0.18–0.20 to about 0.08 g/100 g FW during fruit development owing to fruit growth rather than to degradation processes. Total sugars increased from about 4 g/100 g FW at the early stage of fruit development to 17 g/100 g FW after reaching the commercial stage of maturity. Glucose and fructose increased during the entire period monitored, while sucrose reached a maximum and then gradually decreased, probably owing to a strong invertase activity. Antiradical activities were significantly related to the corresponding tannic fraction. In both ‘Rojo Brillante’ and ‘Kaki Tipo’, postharvest treatment with CO 2 was more effective than with ethylene in reducing soluble tannin concentration (0.031–0.067 and 0.220–0.262 g/100 g FW, respectively).
- Published
- 2009
37. n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)
- Author
-
M. Del Bubba, Alessandra Cincinelli, Angela Maria Stortini, Tania Martellini, Gabriele Capodaglio, and Luciano Lepri
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Particulates ,Sea surface microlayer ,Hydrocarbons ,Analytical Chemistry ,Antarctica ,Sea-surface microlayer ,Subsurface Enrichment ,Water column ,Environmental chemistry ,Organic matter ,Seawater ,Water quality ,Water pollution ,Subsurface flow ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Sea surface microlayer (SML) and sea water samples (SSW) collected in the Gerlache Inlet Sea (Antarctica) were analysed for n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The SML is a potential enrichment site of hydrophobic organic compounds compared to the underlying water column. Total concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs (dissolved and particulate) in subsurface water (− 0.5 m depth) were 272–553 ng l − 1 (mean: 448 ng l − 1 ) and 5.27–9.43 ng l − 1 (mean: 7.06 ng l − 1 ), respectively. In the SML, the concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs were 353–968 ng l − 1 (mean: 611 ng l − 1 ) and 7.32–23.94 ng l − 1 (mean: 13.22 ng l − 1 ), respectively. To evaluate possible PAH contamination sources, specific PAH ratios were calculated. The ratios reflected a predominant petrogenic input. A characterisation of surface active substances was also performed on SML and SSW samples, both by gas bubble extraction, and by dynamic surface tension measurements. Results showed a good correlation between n-alkanes, PAHs and refractory organic matter.
- Published
- 2009
38. Natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in the water column of the Ross Sea (Antarctica)
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli, Luciano Lepri, Lucilla Bittoni, Andrea Gambaro, Tania Martellini, and Aniello Russo
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Water mass ,Properties of water ,Aquatic Science ,Particulates ,Oceanography ,Salinity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Water column ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Circumpolar deep water ,Phytoplankton ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In the framework of the Italian Research Programme in Antarctica (PNRA) an oceanographic cruise was carried out between December 2000 and February 2001 in the Western Ross Sea. n -Alkanes and PAHs concentrations were analysed in sea-water samples collected at different depths at four sites (D, B, CA2, and CA). Vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, salinity and fluorescence were also performed in order to distinguish the water masses present in the sampling areas. n -Alkanes concentrations were consistent with those found in the same area during previous expeditions and showed higher values in the particulate due to the low temperatures. n -Alkanes profiles exhibited different features in the dissolved and particulate phases. The dissolved phase was characterised by a bimodal distribution with two maxima at C16 and C24 and prevalent compounds in the range C15–C32 whereas particulate was strongly dominated by long chain n -alkanes C23–C34 with C24 (Site B, CA and CA2) or C32 (Site B) as Cmax. CPI values and Pr/Ph ratios suggested a prevalent biogenic origin for aliphatic hydrocarbons. n -Alkanes vertical distributions were affected by the dynamic of the pack-ice melting and phytoplankton activity as well by the chemical–physical properties of water masses. Higher n -alkanes values were found in the High Salinity Shelf Waters (HSSW), lower n -alkanes values were found in the Antarctic Surface Waters (AASW) and Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW). The low PAHs concentration levels confirmed the still pristine character of the Antarctic environment. Neither particular trend in total PAHs concentrations along the water column and nor correlations with the most characteristic water masses of the investigated area of the Ross Sea were observed, except that total PAH higher concentrations were generally observed in correspondence of HSSW.
- Published
- 2008
39. Particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere surrounding an industrialised area of Prato (Italy)
- Author
-
Alessandra Cincinelli, Stefano Mandorlo, Luciano Lepri, and Rebecca M. Dickhut
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Atmospheric Science ,Environmental engineering ,Air pollution ,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ,Particulates ,medicine.disease_cause ,Aerosol ,Unresolved complex mixture ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,medicine ,Sewage treatment ,Volatile organic compound ,Air quality index ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols were collected during the period from May 2000 through January 2001 at 13 different sites in and around the Baciacavallo sewage treatment plant in Prato (Italy). The urban area surrounding the plant contains significant textile industrial activity and a main arterial road. Aerosol-associated n -alkane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenolethoxylate (NPnEO) ( n =1–3) concentrations were measured in order to evaluate contributions from the sewage treatment plant, naturally produced aerosols, transportation and industrial activities to the air quality in the vicinity of the sewage treatment plant. Aerosol-associated n -alkane concentrations ranged from 36.7 to 205 ng/m 3 and their possible origin was determined by the presence of typical petroleum characteristics such as the unresolved complex mixture and an odd/even carbon ratio (Carbon Preference Index). PAH concentrations ranged from 0.855 to 24.2 ng/m 3 , in accordance with those generally found for urban aerosols in Europe. NP and NPnEO ( n =1–3), as well as fine aerosol particulate matter (PM 10 ) were significantly correlated with relative wind direction with increased levels observed in the ambient atmosphere when the relative wind direction was from the Baciacavallo sewage treatment plant. This study confirms the use of NP and NPnEO ( n =1–3) as markers of sewage treatment emissions and the importance of the contribution of aerosols produced by sewage treatment plant aeration tanks to the local atmospheric composition.
- Published
- 2003
40. Organic pollutants in sea-surface microlayer and aerosol in the coastal environment of Leghorn—(Tyrrhenian Sea)
- Author
-
Luciano Lepri, Alessandra Cincinelli, M. Perugini, Angela Maria Stortini, and Leonardo Checchini
- Subjects
Marine aerosol ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Pollution ,Pollutant ,Hydrology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Chemistry ,Particulates ,Oceanography ,Sea surface microlayer ,Aerosol ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Sea-surface microlayer, Marine aerosol, Organic matter, Organic pollutants ,Organic pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Organic matter ,Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica ,Seawater ,Surface water ,Sea-surface microlayer ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common - Abstract
The levels of dissolved and particle-associated n -alkanes, alkylbenzenes, phthalates, PAHs, anionic surfactants and surfactant fluorescent organic matter (SFOM) were measured in sea-surface microlayer (SML) and sub-surface water (SSL) samples collected in the Leghorn marine environment in September and October 1999. Nine stations, located in the Leghorn harbour and at increasing distances from the Port, were sampled three times on the same day. At all the stations, SML concentrations of the selected organic compounds were significantly higher than SSL values and the enrichment factors (EF=SML concentration/SSL concentration) were greater in the particulate phase than in the dissolved phase. SML concentrations varied greatly among the sampling sites, the highest levels ( n -alkanes 3674 μg/l, phthalates 177 μg/l, total PAHs 226 μg/l) being found in the particulate phase in the Leghorn harbour. To improve the knowledge on pollutant exchanges between sea-surface waters and atmosphere, the validity of spray drop adsorption model (SDAM) was verified for SFOM, surface-active agents, such as phthalates, and compounds which can interact with SFOM, such as n -alkanes and PAHs.
- Published
- 2001
41. The contribution of marine aerosol to snow composition in Antarctica
- Author
-
Luciano Lepri, V. Coas, Alessandra Cincinelli, Leonardo Checchini, and M. Del Bubba
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmospheric Science ,Environmental Engineering ,Oceanography ,Mechanical Engineering ,Environmental science ,Composition (visual arts) ,Snow ,Pollution ,Aerosol - Published
- 2000
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