1. Cytotoxic activity of human dendritic cells induces RIPK1-dependent cell death
- Author
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Tamás Molnár, Mónika Korodi, Gábor Koncz, Evelin Rácz, Árpád Szöőr, Zoltán Veréb, Aniko Szabo, Zsófia Varga, Attila Bacsi, and Anett Mázló
- Subjects
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,0301 basic medicine ,Programmed cell death ,Necroptosis ,Immunology ,Apoptosis ,Immune tolerance ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cross-Priming ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neoplasms ,Immune Tolerance ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Caspase 8 ,Cell Death ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Chemistry ,Dendritic Cells ,Hematology ,Caspase Inhibitors ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Cell culture ,Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Immunogenic cell death ,HT29 Cells ,Oligopeptides ,CD8 ,Signal Transduction ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent phagocytes engulf dead cells and present peptide fragments of tumor antigens or pathogens derived from infected cells to naive CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Dendritic cells can also induce apoptosis in target cells, thus getting an opportunity to sample their microenvironment. Here, we present that the supernatants of LPS- or CL075-activated DCs induced cell death in different cell lines, but during the differentiation to mature DCs, they lost their cytotoxic potential. Dexamethasone-pre-treated tolerogenic DCs induced less intensive death indicating that the tissue microenvironment can downregulate DC-mediated killing. Exploring the signaling of DC-induced cell death, we observed that the supernatant of activated DCs induced TNF-dependent cell death, since TNF antagonist blocked the cytotoxic activity of DCs, contrary to inhibitors of Fas and TRAIL receptors. We identified that the DC-induced killing is at least partially a RIPK1-dependent process, as RIPK1 positive target cells were more susceptible to DC-induced cell death than their RIPK1 deficient counterparts. Moreover, both the elevated phosphorylation of RIPK1 and the increase in RIPK1-caspase-8 interaction in target cells suggest that RIPK1-mediated signals contribute to DC supernatant-induced cell death. We also proved that the cytotoxic activity of DC-derived supernatant induced apoptosis in the target cells and not necroptosis, as it was completely abrogated with the pan caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD), while the necroptosis inhibitor (Nec-1) had no effect. Our work revealed that the supernatant of activated DCs induces the apoptosis of target cells in a RIPK1-dependent manner. This phenomenon could be relevant for the initiation of cross-presentation and may broaden the plethora of cytotoxic mechanisms acting against tumor cells.
- Published
- 2021
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