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The knowledge of the strain distribution of Nb3Sn filaments in a CICC cross-section is a key parameter in understanding the performance and its evolution when the cable undergoes electromagnetic cyclic loading. This work focuses on the Wind and React (WR1) rectangular CICC sample designed by ENEA for the European DEMO project, that has exhibited a current sharing temperature (Tcs) above 6.9 K at 13 T and 81.7 kA, during its qualification tests in the EDIPO facility at the Swiss Plasma Center. Compared to the critical current tests on the constituting wires, the observed CICC performance corresponded to an effective strain value of −0.55%. This work aims to interpret this result on the basis of the analysis of the strain distribution inside the cable itself. Susceptibility versus temperature of WR1 constituting free standing strands has been measured after etching of the stabilizing copper, and it has been compared with the susceptibility measured on the cable during the test campaign in EDIPO. A well-known and already assessed method has been used, starting from susceptibility measurements, to compute the Tc distribution in the cable cross-section and, subsequently, to infer from that the thermal strain distribution. The obtained results give an indication that the strain distribution in WR1 cable is narrow, compared to the strain distribution calculated with the same method for most ITER TF and CS conductors.

The deposition and characterization of La2Zr2O7 thin films deposited by metal-organic decomposition method on both single crystal SrTiO3 and cube textured Ni-5 at.%W substrates are presented. Metal acetylacetonates in propionic acid solution was used. The results showed that LZO films are epitaxially grown with smooth surface with rms roughness around 2 nm. YBa2Cu3O7-δ films, deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique on LZO buffer layers, showed critical temperature of 90 K and critical current density in self magnetic field Jc = 1.6 and 13 MA/cm2 at 77 K and 4.2 K, respectively. A better Jc retention in magnetic field for YBCO films deposited on LZO/STO than YBCO on bare STO is observed indicating a rather strong vortex pinning as confirmed by microwave measurements.

Ni–Cu–Co alloys were studied for the development of textured substrates for YBCO-coated conductor application. Three compositions were obtained by adding a fixed amount of 3 at.% Co to the binary NixCu100−x, where x = 40, 50 and 60. Cube texture was induced by conventional cold rolling followed by high-temperature annealing. The structural, microstructural, morphological, electrical, magnetic, mechanical and oxidation properties were evaluated and compared with those exhibited by the binary Ni–Cu alloy, as well as by Ni–W and pure Ni. A low Ni content is detrimental for the development of the cube texture with respect to higher concentrations. Nevertheless, the use of high annealing temperatures enabled an area fraction of cube orientation as high as 95% to be obtained for x = 40, and >97.5% in the case of Ni-richer alloys. Compared with Ni and Ni–W, Ni–Cu–Co alloys oxidize more easily and exhibit higher electrical resistance. In addition, the presence of copper enables the Curie temperature to be reduced to 60 K for x = 40 and to 155 K for x = 50. Furthermore, the introduction of cobalt reduces the oxidation rate at temperatures normally used for the deposition of ceramic buffer layers, thus allowing the successful development of a CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 architecture on ternary Ni–Cu–Co alloy. YBCO/buffer multilayer architecture deposited by pulsed laser deposition on a selected alloy tape exhibits a critical current density exceeding 1 MA cm−2 at 77 K in self-field, indicating that this alloy substrate is suitable for YBCO-coated conductor application.

The improvement of the critical current density in YBCO coated conductor tapes necessarily concerns the study of grain boundary (GB) properties and the study of different pinning mechanisms involving both GB and the interior of the grain (IG). Recently, it has been proposed that the introduction of Ca substituting Y enhances J c in YBCO grain boundaries (GB). On the other hand enhanced correlated pinning, as observed in YBCO thin films grown on CeO 2 buffered substrates, has been ascribed to elongated defects along the c -axis of the film. In order to evaluate the role of calcium and CeO 2 buffer layer on the superconducting transport properties of YBCO films, critical current density measurements as a function of temperature, magnetic field and angle between magnetic field direction and c -axis of the film have been performed on epitaxial thin films of unsubstituted and 10 at.% Ca substituted YBCO grown on CeO 2 buffered Al 2 O 3 single crystal substrates. Results are compared with data obtained on 10 at.% Ca substituted YBCO grown on SrTiO 3 single crystal substrate.

We investigate the effect of partial substitution of Y by Ca in YBCO superconducting thin films. The films were grown on (1 0 0) SrTiO 3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The Ca doped film were ablated from Y 1− x Ca x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ targets with x =0, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.10. The dc transport properties of the films in applied magnetic field are analyzed to study the role of Ca on the superconducting properties of YBCO films. The irreversibility line for the samples with x =0 and 5 at.% Ca was derived from the E – J curves using a scaling theory for the vortex-glass transition.

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ thin films with BaZrO 3 (BZO) inclusions have been deposited on SrTiO 3 substrates in order to study the effect of nanoparticles addition into YBCO matrix. Samples with 7% (mol) BZO content were obtained by PLD varying the deposition conditions, in order to evaluate their effect on the films transport properties. The change in deposition parameters, especially of the deposition temperature, has been discovered to be efficient for a reduction or complete recovery of the critical temperature decrease produced by BZO addition. The effect of the deposition temperature on in-field films transport properties as well as on the presence of c -axis correlated defects typically ascribable to nanoparticles addition, can be recognised in an improvement in J C retention in applied magnetic field and, for higher temperatures, the appearance of correlated pinning contribution, as confirmed by pinning force density measurements.

In this work transport properties of superconducting 10 at.% Ca-substituted YBCO thin films grown on (1 0 0)-SrTiO 3 single crystal substrate (STO) and superconducting pure and 10 at.% Ca-substituted YBCO thin films grown on CeO 2 buffered Al 2 O 3 substrates (CAO) have been analyzed as a function of the temperature, applied magnetic field and angle between magnetic field direction and the direction normal to the film surfaces. Particularly, the angular analysis provides an easy way to discriminate between isotropic point defects and correlated pinning sites. Despite the intragrain pinning mechanisms remained unaffected by Ca substitution, a detrimental effect on grain boundary properties clearly emerged for 10 at.% Ca concentration. This effect is enhanced in sample grown on CeO 2 buffered sapphire where a more disturbed grain boundary is expected resulting in an enhancement of the correlated pinning, already observed in pure YBCO films grown on CAO, and in a reduction of the intrinsic pinning efficiency.