Search

Our project deals with the fabrication of a battery performance using Phase Changing Material (PCM). No being can live without water and food. To cook the food or to heat the water heat energy is required. In the present scenario, to get the heat energy, liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene etc. are being used as fuel. These fuels are highly expensive. Battery storage system energy can be used for water heating purposes. Battery storage system energy is available almost everywhere and is well economical too. The Battery stockpiling framework water warmer utilizing PCM is created so that it tends to be utilized for putting away warmth vitality just as for warming water. This sort of Battery stockpiling framework water warmer can be utilized in zones where daylight is accessible, all over. This water radiator can be utilized for quite a while and the cost engaged with assembling this warmer is low, so that even a little family or a typical man can bear the cost of it.

A novel energy index to assess plants capable of producing electricity from a renewable source is introduced in this paper. This index allows to evaluate the bidirectional energy flows on the external power grid, due the electricity exported to the grid from a renewable-based system and the electricity imported from the grid, in comparison to the electricity demand of a building. In this paper, attention is focused on a solar photovoltaic (PV) system satisfying the energy demands of an office building. Electricity from the solar PV system is partly used to operate a ground source heat pump to meet space heating and cooling demands, and partly used for other electrical loads. An energy, economic and environmental impact analysis of the proposed system is also reported. A sensitivity analysis varying the photovoltaic system capacity (2.5–10.0 kW) and the battery storage size (3.2–9.6 kWh) is also carried out. A saving in terms of primary energy and a carbon dioxide emission reduction can be obtained by a renewable-based system compared to a conventional one consisting of a natural gas fuelled boiler for space heating, an electric chiller for space cooling and the national power grid for electricity demand.

This paper evaluates the economic potential of energy flexibility in 50 different German small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) through the installation of a battery storage system (BSS). The central innovation lies in the possibility of pursuing multiple revenue streams simultaneously: peak shaving, provision of primary control reserve (PCR) and energy-arbitrage-trading through intraday and day-ahead markets. The energy system of an industrial manufacturing plant is modelled as a linear program (LP) with a 15-min resolution. The model offers the option to invest in BSSs with different capacities, with the objective of minimizing the overall cost and identifying the optimal size of the BSS. The results show that none of these three revenue streams individually is economically attractive, but when combined, all three together can achieve profitability for some companies, whereby the majority of the cash flow comes from peak shaving and PCR. With a fixed BSS capacity of 500 kWh, the Net Present Value (NPV) varies from a minimum of −350,000 € for just arbitrage up to about 200,000 € for all three use cases in parallel. In the case of a variable BSS capacity, the capacity varies up to 1200 kWh and the Profitability Index (the ratio of investment to NPV) varies from 0.06 to 0.31. Under current German market conditions, arbitrage trading contributes only marginally to the profitability, as the price spreads are too small to justify stronger battery degradation. The paper also identifies various load indicators from the analysis of the demand profile that support the evaluation of a BSS in industry. A stepwise linear regression reveals a moderate dependency of the BSS profitability on two newly developed load indicators. Future work should focus on a more detailed depiction of the battery’s technical behaviour and increasing the sample size to improve the statistical significance of the results.

The increasing use of renewable energy technologies for electricity generation in buildings will require a growing number of battery energy storage systems (BESS) to enhance the reliability of electricity supply. The increasing number of retired electric vehicle (EV) batteries, expected from the automotive sector, can match this demand as EV batteries can be used as BESS, considering that they have about 80% of their original energy capacity. In this context, the study aims at examining the system, consisting of a BESS made by retired Li-ion EV batteries, a photovoltaic plant (20 kW) and the electricity grid, that provides the electricity required by an existing nearly net zero residential building (25.000 kWh/year). The goal is to identify the optimal BESS size, expressed as energy capacity, for load match optimization and environmental impacts in a life cycle perspective. A BESS of around 46 kWh of energy capacity allows achieving significant results in terms of load match increase and environmental sustainability. The study includes an environmental assessment combining the load match analysis and the life cycle approach. It highlights the potential synergy inspired to the principles of the circular economy and of the industrial symbiosis, between the building and the automotive sector.

This article proposes a basic concept for the multi-use of stationary battery storage systems with multiple stakeholders to improve the economic value of battery storage systems. An auction market is suggested, where segments of the energy storage system and rights of use are auctioned. The blockchain technology is incorporated to develop a generic, low-cost concept that enables distinct obligations between the stakeholders caused by the technical operation of the battery storage system. Smart contracts allow flexible sharing of the battery storage system and increase the system’s utilization ratio in the presence of prediction uncertainties.

The energy systems, including heat and electrical load demands, particularly residential energy systems, could be effectively managed by applying the multi-carrier energy hub concepts. Although various research works have presented different methods for optimal operation and optimal planning of residential energy hubs (REHs), the optimal interconnected operation and sizing of the energy storage system (ESS) have received less attention. This paper attempts to respond to the discussed research gap by developing a new optimization problem based on simultaneous optimal operation and optimal capacity of ESS in REHs. The comparative analysis of the heat storage system (HSS), battery storage system (BSS), and hybrid ESS consists of both HSS and BSS is one of the essential contributions of this study. Test results illustrate the advantages of applying the proposed method compared to the optimal daily cost of REH equipped with a non-optimum capacity of ESS. The positive impacts of the optimized hybrid ESS, including HSS and BSS, are more than HSS and BSS significantly. Test results show that the daily cost of REH consists of operation cost, and the daily cost of ESS for the optimal hybrid ESS is 1.99% and 5.87% better than using the HSS and BSS, respectively. Performing further sensitivity analysis under various scenarios based on electricity and gas pricing is another advantage of this research. Furthermore, the impacts of the policies corresponding to the price of electricity sold and electricity purchased on the optimal sizing of the ESS and the operation cost of the REHs are studied.

This paper introduces an advanced control strategy on battery energy storage systems (BESS) for bidirectional power control and stability improvement. The proposed control strategy efficiently controls the charging-discharging states of BESS as well as provides bidirectional control on both active and reactive powers. The introduced control scheme is equipped with supplementary stabilizers to damp out the oscillations and stability improvement. The problem of designing the controllers is mathematically expressed as a constrained optimization programming and solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results show that the proposed control strategy can efficiently control both active and reactive powers independent of each other. As well, it is able to change the direction of both active and reactive powers from positive to negative and vice-versa. The designed stabilizers also improve stability of the network and damp out the oscillations following large-signal and small-signal disturbances.

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems are considered as a transitional solution towards zero carbon emissions in the next couple of decades. The current CHP systems are mainly controlled by thermal led strategy, that is, the electrical power generation depends on the thermal energy demand. The mismatch between the power generation and load demand leads to the deficient energy utilisation and economic loss. An innovative combined planning method is proposed in the paper to improve the economic gains of the CHP systems by integrating the lithium-ion battery storage system (LBSS). The paper focuses on the simultaneous optimisation of storage capacity design and operation strategy formulation of the LBSS subject to the variations of the load and power generation from CHP with consideration of LBSS degradation and cost, and Time-of-Use pricing structures. The new strategy is implemented and tested using the University of Warwick campus CHP system combined with the LBSS facilities. The results show that the method could improve the economic performance of CHP systems. The developed method is applicable to any CHP systems optimisation with integrated LBSS.

The increasing distributed generation of renewable energies in distribution networks leads to several challenges for distribution network operators (DNOs). During high feed-in times, voltage violations can occur if the hosting capacity of the grid for distributed generation is exceeded. The paper at hand investigates the installation of grid-supporting battery storage system (BSS) in the medium voltage (MV) level to serve mainly for voltage compliance and to defer grid reinforcement. A control approach for the BSS based on two characteristic curves is suggested. The BSS is then analyzed technically and economically for scenarios of high distributed generation. The results show that the alternative of BSS has potential to defer grid reinforcement in the presented case studies. However, the power curtailment is more viable than the BSS and grid reinforcement. The economic viability of BSS can increase in the future based on the expected reduction of battery costs. Furthermore, BSS have the technical potential for providing other services, since voltage violations occur during high feed-in times.