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In this paper we consider two resource allocation problems of URLLC traffic and eMBB traffic in uplink 5G networks. We propose to divide frequencies into a common region and a grant-based region. Frequencies in the grant-based region can only be used by eMBB traffic, while frequencies in the common region can be used by eMBB traffic as well as URLLC traffic. In the first resource allocation problem we propose a two-player game to address the size of the grant-based region and the size of the common region. We show that this game has specific pure Nash equilibria. In the second resource allocation problem we determine the number of packets that each eMBB user can transmit in a request-grant cycle. We propose a constrained optimization problem to minimize the variance of the number of packets granted to the eMBB users. We show that a water-filling algorithm solves this constrained optimization problem. From simulation, we show that our scheme, consisting of resource allocation according to Nash equilibria of a game, persistent random retransmission of URLLC packets and allocation of eMBB packets by a water-filling algorithm, works better than four other heuristic methods.

Objective We tested the hypothesis that low serum iron levels are associated with acute hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods Patients presenting with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were enrolled in the prospective observational study. Age, sex, history of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, symptom onset, Fisher grade, Hunt-Hess grade, aneurysm location, hemoglobin, and serum iron were collected. Acute hydrocephalus was determined within 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. A propensity-score matching analysis was performed to correct imbalances in patient characteristics between hydrocephalus and non-hydrocephalus groups. Results A total of 535 patients were included. Incidence of acute hydrocephalus was 20.0%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, lower serum iron was considered as a risk factor of acute hydrocephalus, as well as delayed ischemic neurologic deficit and lower hemoglobin (P = 0.000). After propensity-score matching, lower serum iron was considered as an independent risk factor for acute hydrocephalus, whereas hemoglobin and delayed ischemic neurologic deficit were not. The matched hydrocephalus group had lower serum iron comparing with the matched non-hydrocephalus group (10.26 ± 5.33 mmol/L vs. 13.44 ± 5.18 mmol/L; P = 0.000). The optimal cut-off value for serum iron levels as a predictor for acute hydrocephalus in patients with aSAH was determined as 13.1 mmol/L in the receiver operating characteristic curve. Furthermore, lower serum iron levels (odds ratio 0.305; 95% confidence interval, 0.178–0.524; P = 0.000) and acute hydrocephalus (odds ratio 0.372; 95% confidence interval, 0.202–0.684; P = 0.001) were predictors of poor outcome, as well as higher Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher grade. Conclusions Lower serum iron levels after aSAH was a predictor of acute hydrocephalus and unfavorable outcome.

A mesoscale diverging combustor with a cylindrical flame holder is developed to improve the flame stabilization in present work for the first time. The experimental results show that the flame in the combustor with holder can remain symmetrically stable within a quite wide range of equivalence ratio. Then, the flame-anchoring mechanisms are analyzed systematically in terms of flow structure, conjugate heat exchange and preferential transport effect via numerical simulation. As the flame root and top attach to the flame holder and combustor, it can be deduced that the flow boundary layer very near the wall has the anchoring effect on the flame, so does the conjugate heat exchange. On the one hand, the upstream flame holder and combustor wall can preheat the incoming unburned mixture via conducting heat from the downstream solid walls, which provides a beneficial ignition condition. On the other hand, there are flame-wall coupling effects between the flame root/top and flame holder/combustor wall providing the suitable locations for flame anchoring. The anchoring locations of flame root and top show the almost same sensibility responding to the thermal conductivity of solid material. However, the anchoring temperature of flame top is more sensitive than that of flame root. In addition, the local equivalence ratios at the locations of the flame root and top are lower than the corresponding incoming equivalence ratio, which means that a better heat recirculation effect is not good for the flame-anchoring if only considering the preferential transport effect. In summary, the addition of flame holder can remarkably improve the flame stabilization and suppress the unstable flame in the combustor. This is beneficial for the application of the combustor with the diverging structure.

A mesoscale diverging combustor with a cylindrical flame holder is developed to improve the flame stability and obtain the steadily symmetrical flame, which can be used as heat source for the mesoscale TPV (Thermophotovoltaic) system. The present work investigates the flammability limits based on equivalence ratio and the flame dynamics in the combustors with/without a cylindrical flame holder. For the combustor without the holder, four typical flame propagation modes, the stable slant, oscillating, spinning x-shape and flame blow-off, are observed, and all these flame patterns are asymmetrical. On the other side, the introduction of the cylindrical flame holder can significantly suppress the unstable flame and improve the flame stability probably due to enhanced flame-wall coupling and/or flow recirculation effects, as expected. The stable flame in the combustor with the holder can remain symmetrical under a quite wide range of equivalence ratio and the spinning x-shape mode does not occur here. Although the oscillating flames are also observed in relative narrow range of equivalence ratio in the combustor with the holder, their behaviors still keep symmetrical and their oscillating frequencies are probably dependent on the enhanced flame-wall coupling effect instead of the flame speed. In addition, the flame blow-off dynamics in the combustors with/without a cylindrical flame holder are also demonstrated and discussed in detail. In summary, the cylindrical flame holder can significantly improve the flame stability and makes the flame always remain symmetrical, which is beneficial for extensive application of the combustor with the diverging structure.

In this paper, a data-driven two-lane traffic flow model based on cellular automata is proposed. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used to learn the characteristics of car following behavior and lane changing behavior, respectively, from real operation data of vehicles. Under optimal network parameters, the mean absolute errors of the LSTM network for training and testing data are only 0.001 and 0.006, respectively; while the prediction accuracy of the SVM classifier for both data reaches higher than 0.99. Moreover, forward rules and lane changing rules which are more consistent with actual situation are designed. The simulation results show that: (1) the new model can reflect the first-order phase transition from free flow to synchronized flow; (2) the frequency of unsuccessful lane changing is near zero in low-density traffic areas, but increases sharply in high-density regions; and (3) the lane changing duration and unsuccessful lane changing frequency display similar trends as traffic densities increase.

Optical remote sensing imagery is commonly used to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of inland waters. Its usage, however, is limited by cloud contamination, which results in low-quality images or missing values. Selecting cloud-free scenes or combining multi-temporal images to produce a cloud-free composite image can partially overcome this problem at the cost of the monitoring frequency. Predicting the spectral values of cloudy areas based on the spectral characteristics is a possible solution; however, this is not appropriate for water because it changes rapidly. Reconstructing cloud-covered water areas using historical water-distribution data has good performance, but such methods are typically only suitable for lakes and reservoirs, not over vast and complex terrain. This paper proposes a category-based approach to reconstruct the water distribution in cloud-contaminated images using a spatiotemporal dependence model. The proposed method predicts the class label (water or land) of a cloudy pixel based on the neighboring pixel labels and those at the same position in images acquired on other dates according to historical spatiotemporal water-distribution data. The method was evaluated through eight experiments in different study regions using Landsat and Sentinel-2 images. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could yield high-quality cloud-free classification maps and provide good water-extraction accuracy and consistency in most hydrological conditions, with an overall accuracy of up to 98%. The accuracy and practicality of the method render it promising for applications across a wide range of future research and monitoring efforts.

Detonation limits are characterized by a decrease in the propagation velocity, cellular structures to lower unstable modes and an increase in the velocity fluctuation of the detonation. The increase in the average velocity deficit as the limits are approached is not a sensitive change since the failure of the detonation can occur at a relatively small velocity deficit of the order of 20%. A more sensitive indication of the onset of detonation limits is the lowering of the unstable mode (i.e., towards single-headed spin) and the large longitudinal fluctuation of the detonation velocity. In this paper, recent results are reported for the aforementioned near-limit detonation characteristics for a number of detonable mixtures and tube diameters for both smooth and rough tubes. Mixtures include H2, C2H2, C3H8, CH4 fuels with both O2 or N2O as oxidizers. Tube diameters were 25.4 mm, 38.1 mm, 50.8 mm and 76.2 mm. To investigate the effect of wall roughness on the limits phenomena in tubes, wire spirals with different diameters were inserted into the different diameter test tubes. Regularly spaced photodiodes (IF-950C) along the tube were used for velocity measurements and smoked mylar foils were inserted into the tube for the measurement of the cellular structure. Results confirm that the cellular structure evolution towards the lower unstable modes follows well the observed increase in velocity fluctuation; the subsequent detonation failure defined by the absence of cells occurs also at high-velocity fluctuation and an abrupt increase in the average velocity deficit.

Hypervelocity penetration experiments were performed on semi-infinite concrete targets with 7 mm-diameter 40CrNiMo steel long-rod projectiles at impact velocities ranging from 2117 m/s to 3086 m/s by using a two-stage combustion light-gas gun. After the experiments, the crater dimensions and penetration depth were carefully measured, also the residual projectiles were recovered. The depth of penetration was found to be greater than the hydrodynamic limit penetration depth. Numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the penetration process, and combined with the experimental results, it was obtained that the head of the long-rod projectile eroded and deformed into a hemisphere during hypervelocity penetration. According to the experimental and numerical simulation results, the penetration model of long-rod projectiles penetrating concrete targets at hypervelocity was constructed based on the Alekseevskii-Tate model. The penetration model was compared with the experimental depths of penetration, showing that the model had good applicability.

In this paper, a two-lane cellular automata traffic flow model based on regular hexagonal cells is proposed. The realistic lane changing maneuvers with the lateral movement process, the lane changing duration, and the unsuccessful lane changing are considered by the new model. The vehicle trajectories from NGSIM dataset are used to extract the realistic lane changing maneuvers and calibrate the lane changing angle. The numerical results showed that the flow in the intermediate density range of the new model is lower than that of the traditional model. While the lane changing frequency in the same density range of the new model is higher than that of the traditional model. The lane changing duration will increase as the density grows. And the unsuccessful lane changing rate grows to large values in high density range. As to the heterogeneous traffic flow, the lane changing frequency is obviously greater than that in homogeneous condition. The trucks are more likely to make unsuccessful lane changing. And the lane changing duration of trucks is longer than that of cars in free flow region, but this is not the case in congested flow.

The anti-coincidence detectors of Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) are designed to suppress the X-ray background induced by incident charged cosmic-ray particles. The main components of anti-coincidence detectors are thin flat plastic scintillators. In this work we apply the TracePro program to study the light transfer features in the scintillators, and we propose several optimized reflector configurations to significantly improve the light transfer efficiency. The simulation results are verified by measurements of the detector prototypes. We chose a particular optimized reflector configuration.

Summary A flash flood is an event that develops rapidly. Given early warnings with sufficient lead time, flood forecasting can help people prepare disaster prevention measures. To provide this early warning, a statistics-based flood forecasting model was developed to evaluate the flooding potential in urban areas using ensemble quantitative precipitation forecasts (the Taiwan Cooperative Precipitation Ensemble Forecast Experiment, TAPEX). The proposed model uses different sources of information, such as (i) the designed capacity of storm sewer systems, (ii) a flood inundation potential database, and (iii) historical flooding observations, to evaluate the potential for flash flooding situations to occur. Using 24-, 48- and 72-h ahead precipitation forecasts from the TAPEX, the proposed model can assess the flooding potential with two levels of risk and at the township scale with a 3-day lead time. The proposed model is applied to Pingtung County, which includes 33 townships and is located in southern Taiwan. A dataset of typhoon storms from 2010 to 2014 was used to evaluate the model performance. The accuracy and threat score for testing events are 0.68 and 0.30, respectively, with a lead time of 24 h. The accuracy and threat score for training events are 0.82 and 0.31, respectively, with a lead time of 24 h. The model performance decreases when the lead time is extended. However, the model demonstrates its potential as a valuable reference to improve emergency responses to alleviate the loss of lives and property due to flooding.

Summary Short duration rainfall intensity in Taiwan has increased in recent years, which results in street runoff exceeding the design capacity of storm sewer systems and causing inundation in urban areas. If potential inundation areas could be forecasted in advance and warnings message disseminated in time, additional reaction time for local disaster mitigation units and residents should be able to reduce inundation damage. In general, meteorological–hydrological ensemble forecast systems require moderately long lead times. The time-consuming modeling process is usually less amenable to the needs of real-time flood warnings. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to establish an inundation evaluation system suitable for all metropolitan areas in Taiwan in conjunction with the quantitative precipitation forecast technology developed by the Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute, which can be used for inundation forecast 24 h before the arrival of typhoons. In this study, information for the design capacity of storm sewer throughout Taiwan was collected. Two methods are proposed to evaluate the inundations: (a) evaluation based on the criterion of sewer capacity (CSC), and (b) evaluation based on the percentage of ensemble members (PEM). In addition, the probability of inundation is classified into four levels (high, medium, low, and no inundation). To verify the accuracy of the proposed system, Typhoon Megi and Typhoon Nanmadol were used as test cases. Four verification indices were adopted to evaluate the probability of inundation for metropolitan areas during typhoons. The inundation evaluation results basically match the observed data on flooding, which demonstrate that this flood evaluation system has an effective grasp on the probability of inundation for storm sewer systems.

Summary This paper improves the typhoon flood forecasting over a watershed in a mountainous island of Taiwan. In the presence of the stiff topography in Taiwan, the typhoon rainfall is often phased-locked with terrain and the typhoon rainfall in general is best predicted by the typhoon rainfall climate model (TRCM) ( Lee et al., 2006 ). However, the TRCM often underestimates the rainfall amount in cases of slowing moving storms with strong southwest monsoon supply of water vapor flux. We apply an artificial neural network (ANN) based southwest monsoon rainfall enhancement (AME) to improve TRCM rainfall forecasting for the Tsengwen Reservoir watershed in the southwestern Taiwan where maximum typhoon rainfall frequently occurred. Six typhoon cases with significant southwest monsoon water vapor flux are used for the test cases. The precipitations of seven rain gauge stations in the watershed and the southwest monsoon water vapor flux are analyzed to get the spatial distribution of the effective water vapor flux threshold, and the threshold is further used to build the AME model. The results indicate that the flux threshold is related to the topographic lifting of the moist air, with lower threshold in the upstream high altitude stations in the watershed. The lower flux threshold allows a larger rainfall amount with AME. We also incorporated the rainfall prediction with a state space neural network (SSNN) to simulate rainfall-runoff processes. Our improved method is robust and produces better flood predictions of total rainfall and multiple rainfall peaks. The runoff processes in the watershed are improved in terms of coefficient of efficiency, peak discharge, and total volume.

Field measurements at various wetland ecosystems were conducted to investigate the coefficients b for different scalars in the relaxed eddy accumulation method. These measurements were performed at paddy, marsh and lagoon fields using the eddy covariance system to collect data with a sampling rate of 10 Hz. Without the application of a wind deadband, the mean median values of b were found to be 0.55 for paddy, 0.57 for marsh and 0.56 for lagoon for all scalar quantities under unstable and near-neutral conditions. However, the median values of b under stable conditions steadily increase with stability. The results of estimated b were well described by proposed relationships as a function of the dimensionless stability parameter z / L . Scalar similarity between carbon dioxide, temperature and water vapor showed a distinct diurnal pattern and change within the day where good scalar correlations were observed at paddy and marsh during daytime, but poor scalar correlations were observed at lagoon. With the application of wind deadband, the reductions of the normalized b factors, b REA , related to the increase of deadband values were evaluated and the results were compared with the reported relationships in the literature. The relative minimal variability of the normalized b REA was found when the wind deadband was equal to 0.8. From the diurnal variation of b REA , the relative maximum values of b REA factors occurred around noon, and lower values were observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Daily median b 0 values for various scalars under unstable and neutral conditions over paddy from the beginning to the end of the study period were used to verify the independence of the variations in surface roughness.

Over the last 20 years, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been implemented and become an important instrument for decision-making in development projects in China. The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the P.R. China was promulgated on 28 October 2002 and will be put into effect on 1 September of 2003. The law provides that Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is required in regional and sector plans and programs. This paper introduces the research achievements and practice of SEA in China, discusses the relationship of SEA and “integrating of environment and development in decision-making (IEDD)”, and relevant political and legal basis of SEA. The framework and operational procedures of SEA administration and enforcement are presented. Nine cases are analyzed and some proposals are given.

The equilibrium geometry, harmonic frequency and bond dissociation energy of lanthanum monochloride have been calculated at B3LYP, MP2, QCISD(T) levels with the energy-consistent Relativistic Effective Core Potentials. The possible electronic state and reasonable dissociation limit are determined based on atomic and molecular reaction statics. Potential energy curve scans for the ground state X 1 Σ + have been performed with B3LYP and QCISD(T), since they exhibit better performance than other methods in calculations of bond energy. We find that the potential energy calculated with QCISD(T) is about 0.5 eV larger than the bond dissociation energy, when the diatomic distance is as large as 0.8 nm. The problem that single-reference ab initio methods do not meet the dissociation limit during calculations of lanthanide heavy-metal elements is analyzed. We propose the calculation scheme to derive the analytical Murrell–Sorbie potential energy function and Dunham expansion at the equilibrium position. Spectroscopic constants obtained by the standard Dunham treatment are in good agreement with the results of rotational analyses on spectroscopic experiments. The analytical function is of much realistic importance, since it is possible to be applied to predict the transitional structure and study the reaction dynamic process.

The main objective of this sequel is to solve the out-of-sequence problem that occurs in the load balanced Birkhoff-von Neumann switch with one-stage buffering. We do this by adding a load-balancing buffer in front of the first stage and a resequencing-and-output buffer after the second stage. Moreover, packets are distributed at the first stage according to their flows, instead of their arrival times in part I. In this paper, we consider multicasting flows with two types of scheduling policies: the first come first served (FCFS) policy and the earliest deadline first (EDF) policy. The FCFS policy requires a jitter control mechanism in front of the second stage to ensure proper ordering of the traffic entering the second stage. For the EDF scheme, there is no need for jitter control. It uses the departure times of the corresponding FCFS output-buffered switch as deadlines and schedules packets according to their deadlines. For both policies, we show that the end-to-end delay through our multi-stage switch is bounded above by the sum of the delay from the corresponding FCFS output-buffered switch and a constant that only depends on the size of the switch and the number of multicasting flows supported by the switch.

A parallel data acquisition system has been developed for the study of electron impact ionization of atoms and molecules. The system has a large data storage capacity providing good experimental resolution and system flexibility. The system is used to collect and analyze data from electron momentum spectroscopy experiment. Results from electron momentum spectroscopy experiments on C 4 H 10 molecules, at an incident energy of 1200 eV, are presented to demonstrate the performance of the system.

We report here the first measurements of valence orbital momentum profiles and binding energy for n-butane using a high-resolution (e,2e) spectrometer. The impact energy was 1200 eV plus binding energy (i.e., 1206 to 1232 eV) and symmetric non-coplanar kinematics was employed. The agreement between theory and experiment of orbital electron momentum distributions is generally good.

Consider a set of parallel processors operating in a distributed fashion, which prohibits task migration among processors. A given set of jobs, each of which consists of a number of tasks, is to be processed by the parallel processors. Finding an optimal schedule in this context is a difficult combinatorial problem in general. Our focus here is on identifying key properties of the problem so as to provide insight to the structure of optimal policies. We demonstrate that these properties are all rooted in the subadditivity, submodularity, convexity, and Schur convexity of two operators, max and plus, which relate task times to the flow time (expected job completion time). We show that in general the optimal policy has a threshold structure and a sequential ''tail'': there exists a threshold, such that once the number of jobs already scheduled exceeds this threshold, all remaining jobs must be scheduled sequentially, i.e., each job with the entirety of its tasks is assigned to one processor only. In the special case of two processors, we further develop a recursive algorithm that generates the complete optimal schedule. For the case of three or more processors, we focus on a class of policies that we call ''fully parallel or fully sequential'' (FPFS), and identify optimal policies within this class.

The early growth response zinc finger transcription factor (EGR-1) and the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein encoded by the protooncogene G alpha i-2 each play pivotal roles in signaling pathways that control cell growth and differentiation. The G alpha i-2 gene 5'-flanking region contains a putative binding site (5'-CGCCCCCGC-3') for EGR-1 that may allow it to be a target gene for EGR-1 mitogenic signaling. We now demonstrate in LLC-PK1 renal cells the temporal expression of EGR-1 protein by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry coincident with the maximal activation of the G alpha i-2 gene during cell growth. To determine whether G alpha i-2 or EGR-1 influence epithelial cell growth, LLC-PK1 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding cDNAs for G alpha i-2 (pRSV G alpha i-2) or EGR-1 (pRSV EGR-1) driven by a viral Rous sarcoma promoter enhancer to overexpress each protein. Following transfection, cell growth was examined in media containing either 10 or 0.1% fetal bovine serum. Only cells transfected with plasmids encoding G alpha i-2 and EGR-1 had growth rates greater than that of serum replete cohorts. To assess whether EGR-1 was contributing to the transcriptional activation of the G alpha i-2 gene, cells were cotransfected with pRSV EGR-1 and plasmids encoding firefly luciferase reporter genes fused to 5'-flanking areas of the G alpha i-2 gene containing either the EGR-1 binding site or a mutated EGR-1 binding site (5'-AAAAACCGC-3'). A 320% enhancement of G alpha i-2 transcription was found only in LLC-PK1 cells following their transfection with plasmids that contained both the EGR-1 binding site and overexpressed EGR-1 protein. Utilizing mobility shift assays, which compared nuclear extracts from cells before and after cell polarization, a probe containing the EGR-1 motif detected induced nuclear protein complexes during transcriptional activation of the G alpha i-2 gene. An anti-EGR-1 antibody specifically retarded the mobility of the induced nuclear complexes, indicating that the EGR-1 protein was a component of these complexes. These data provide direct evidence for a novel mitogenic signaling pathway coupling proximal signaling events that activate EGR-1 gene expression to a target protooncogene G alpha i-2 that is participatory for growth and differentiation in renal cells.

We consider the efficient estimation, via simulation, of very low buffer overflow probabilities in certain acyclic ATM queueing networks. We apply the theory of effective bandwidths and Markov additive processes to derive an asymptotically optimal simulation scheme for estimating such probabilities for a single queue with multiple independent sources, each of which may be either a Markov modulated process or an autoregressive process. This result extends earlier work on queues with either independent arrivals or with a single Markov modulated arrival source. The results are the extended to estimating loss probabilities for intree networks of such queues. Experimental results show that the method can provide many orders of magnitude reduction in variance in complex queueing systems that are not amenable to analysis.

Heterotrimeric G-proteins function as signal transducers for a variety of hormone-coupled enzyme systems in eukaryotic cells. In LLC-PK1 renal cells, vasopressin-stimulated adenylylcyclase activity is regulated in part, by the counterbalancing activity of stimulatory G-proteins (Gs) and inhibitory pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins (Gi). Two Gi genes encoding the Gi isoforms G alpha i-2 and G alpha i-3 are expressed in LLC-PK1 cells. In polarized cells, these isoforms are topographically segregated to different membranes, which allows for the selective inhibition of adenylylcyclase by G alpha i-2. The genes encoding these isoforms are similarly regulated in these cells during growth and differentiation but differ in response to steroid hormone signals (Holtzman, E.J., Kinane, T.B., West, K., Soper, B.W., Karga, H., Ausiello, D.A., and Ercolani, L. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3964-3975). We now demonstrate after stimulating polarized LLC-PK1 cells with forskolin, which raises intracellular cAMP levels 50-fold, G alpha i-2 but not G alpha i-3 protein is increased 3-fold at 12 h and remains elevated above control values by 24 h. In cells stably transfected with G alpha i-2 or G alpha i-3 gene 5'-flanking sequences fused to firefly luciferase cDNA reporter gene, forskolin treatment increased G alpha i-2 transcription 3-fold but inhibited G alpha i-3 transcription by 50% at 12 h. In vivo footprinting of forskolin-treated cells was performed to examine the molecular basis for activation of the G alpha i-2 gene. Protected guanosines were identified in a 135-base pair (bp) area previously associated with enhancer activity of this gene in non-polarized cells. This DNA segment did not contain the classical cAMP response element 5'-TGACGTCA-3'. Utilizing the 135-bp DNA segment as a probe in mobility shift assays, which compared nuclear extracts from cells before and after forskolin treatment, an induced nuclear protein complex was identified. Following systematic reduction and mutation of this DNA segment, a "CCAAT" box motif was identified that bound the induced nuclear protein complex during forskolin-induced G alpha i-2 gene transcriptional activation. Induction of this nuclear protein complex was prevented in forskolin-treated cells by cycloheximide. To demonstrate functional activity of the CCAAT box motif, cells were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding either the minimal 135-bp segment or a multimerized CCAAT box segment fused to a Rous sarcoma minimal promoter/firefly luciferase reporter gene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)