1. Formation of Human Colonic Crypt Array by Application of Chemical Gradients Across a Shaped Epithelial Monolayer
- Author
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Yuli Wang, Matthew DiSalvo, Mark I. Reed, Daniel L. Nguyen, Raehyun Kim, Nancy L. Allbritton, Dulan B. Gunasekara, Scott J. Bultman, Christopher E. Sims, and Scott T. Magness
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cellular differentiation ,02 engineering and technology ,TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α ,ZO-1, zonula occludens-1 ,IFN-γ, interferon-γ ,EM, expansion medium ,Stem Cell Niche ,Original Research ,Muc2, mucin 2 ,Chemistry ,Gastroenterology ,Cell migration ,ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide ,Olfm4, olfactomedin-4 ,Intestinal epithelium ,Polarized Crypt ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Intestine-On-A-Chip ,SCFA, short-chain fatty acid ,PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane ,Stem cell ,0210 nano-technology ,SEM, scanning electron microscope ,Crypt ,EDC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride ,PBS, phosphate-buffered saline ,PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene ,DM, differentiation medium ,03 medical and health sciences ,DM-B, differentiation medium plus 5 mmol/L butyrate ,medicine ,Organoid ,SM, stem medium ,lcsh:RC799-869 ,Progenitor cell ,ALP, alkaline phosphatase ,Hepatology ,Epithelium ,P, passage ,030104 developmental biology ,DM-D, DM plus 10 μmol/L DAPT ,EdU, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine ,Intestinal Epithelial Cells ,lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,BSA, bovine serum albumin ,KRT20, cytokeratin 20 - Abstract
Background & Aims The successful culture of intestinal organoids has greatly enhanced our understanding of intestinal stem cell physiology and enabled the generation of novel intestinal disease models. Although of tremendous value, intestinal organoid culture systems have not yet fully recapitulated the anatomy or physiology of the in vivo intestinal epithelium. The aim of this work was to re-create an intestinal epithelium with a high density of polarized crypts that respond in a physiologic manner to addition of growth factors, metabolites, or cytokines to the basal or luminal tissue surface as occurs in vivo. Methods A self-renewing monolayer of human intestinal epithelium was cultured on a collagen scaffold microfabricated with an array of crypt-like invaginations. Placement of chemical factors in either the fluid reservoir below or above the cell-covered scaffolding created a gradient of that chemical across the growing epithelial tissue possessing the in vitro crypt structures. Crypt polarization (size of the stem/proliferative and differentiated cell zones) was assessed in response to gradients of growth factors, cytokines, and bacterial metabolites. Results Chemical gradients applied to the shaped human epithelium re-created the stem/proliferative and differentiated cell zones of the in vivo intestine. Short-chain fatty acids applied as a gradient from the luminal side confirmed long-standing hypotheses that butyrate diminished stem/progenitor cell proliferation and promoted differentiation into absorptive colonocytes. A gradient of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α significantly suppressed the stem/progenitor cell proliferation, altering crypt formation. Conclusions The in vitro human colon crypt array accurately mimicked the architecture, luminal accessibility, tissue polarity, cell migration, and cellular responses of in vivo intestinal crypts., Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2018