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Lactobacillus gasseri SF1183 belongs to a subpopulation of bacteria tightly associated to the human ileal epithelium. Cells of SF1183 survive and grow in simulated intestinal and gastric conditions, have a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positives and Gram-negatives and secrete molecule(s) sensed by human intestinal cells. We report that the oral administration of SF1183 cells had a protective effect in a murine model of DSS (Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium)-induced colitis. The analysis of the intestinal microbial composition indicated that several bacterial genera were differently represented in the intestine of DSS-treated animals. An overall similar alteration was observed in the microbiota of DSS-treated animals that received SF1183, suggesting that the beneficial role of the probiotic was not played through a reshuffling of the intestinal flora. Based on our in vivo data we propose the SF1183 strain of L. gasseri as a new anti-inflammatory probiotic, potentially useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of IBDs.

The recommended starting dose of bosutinib is 500 mg/day for chronic-phase (CP) or accelerated-/blast-phase Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) resistant/intolerant to prior therapy. However, some patients may require dose reductions to manage the occurrences of adverse events (AEs). Bosutinib efficacy and safety were evaluated following dose reductions in a phase I/II study of Ph+ patients with CP CML resistant/intolerant to imatinib or imatinib plus dasatinib and/or nilotinib, and those with accelerated-/blast-phase CML or acute lymphoblastic leukemia after at least imatinib treatment. In all, 570 patients with ≥4 years’ follow-up were included in this analysis. Among 144 patients who dose-reduced to bosutinib 400 mg/day (without reduction to 300 mg/day), 22 (15 %) had complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) before and after reduction, 40 (28 %) initially achieved CCyR after reduction, and 4 (3 %) only had CCyR before reduction. Among 95 patients who dose-reduced to bosutinib 300 mg/day, 23 (24 %) had CCyR before and after reduction, 13 (14 %) initially achieved CCyR after reduction, and 3 (3 %) only had CCyR before reduction. Results were similar to matched controls who remained on 500 mg/day, indicating dose reductions had not substantially affected efficacy. The incidence of treatment-emergent AEs was lower after dose reductions, particularly for gastrointestinal events. The incidence of hematologic toxicities generally was similar before and after dose reduction. The management of AEs with bosutinib through dose reduction can lead to improved/maintained efficacy and better tolerability; still, approximately half of patients on treatment at year 4 maintained a dose of ≥500 mg/day. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00261846.

Purpose Myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the orbit is an uncommon condition in occurring in children, generally coupled to myeloproliferative neoplasms. Observations We describe two rare cases of orbital MS in young boys with aggressive local symptoms but without evidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), both patients underwent orbitotomy for gross-tumor resection and biopsy. At follow up, there was no evidence of recurrence nor evolution of the myeloproliferative neoplasms clinically and by radiological and laboratory work-up. We also provide a detailed description of the magnetic resonance imaging presentation, with an extensive pathological analysis correlation. Conclusions and importance A comprehensive revision of the literature on isolated orbital MS was carried out with particular emphasis on clues for differential diagnosis and treatment options, stressing the need to consider MS even in the absence of sign and symptoms of an underlying myeloproliferative disorders.