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For patients with a dentofacial deformity undergoing a planned segmentation of the maxilla for the management of a transverse maxillary arch discrepancy, palatal mucosa tearing may occur during sawing or palatal expansion traction, giving rise to an oronasal communication. This technical note describes the covering of a tear in the palatal mucosa using a buccal fat pad (BFP) flap, in the context of maxillary segmentation during Le Fort I osteotomy. Through the limited buccal incision used for the Le Fort I osteotomy, a small incision is made in the right periosteum posteriorly, and a supraperiosteal dissection is performed to access the BFP. After a sufficient amount of flap is made available, it is gently introduced through the osteotomy gap until it reaches the palatal mucosa defect and is then sutured. In the patient case presented, the palatal mucosa healed fully within 18 days, and the patient reported no nasal regurgitation of food, defective speech, fetid odour, bad taste, or upper respiratory tract or ear infection during the postoperative period. This technique using a BFP flap should therefore be considered in the context of unexpected tearing of the palatal mucosa in patients undergoing a segmented Le Fort I osteotomy.

Employing cutting fluids in machining processes, especially for difficult-to-cut materials, improves machinability through prolonged tool life, improves surface integrity and chip evacuation. However, like oil and water-based cutting fluids are hazardous to the environment and workers’ health, alternative solutions are required. Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) is a cryogenic fluid that can be an option due to its low boiling point (-197oC) and the fact it exists in the atmosphere at room conditions. Nevertheless, the feasibility of cryogenic cooling techniques in machining is not fully understood; this is why the Finite Element Method (FEM) could give an insight into the phenomena happening on the tool-chip/workpiece interface. This research aims to compare fundamental and industrial outputs when turning hardened steel 100Cr6 using Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) inserts with wiper geometry in dry conditions and with cryogenic cooling. For this purpose, turning experimental tests were performed in both cooling conditions varying the cutting speed (150-550 m/min). Machining forces were measured during the tests, and then tool wear, microstructural damage, and residual stresses of the workpiece were characterised. A nose turning (3D) FEM model was also developed to understand the influence of cooling strategy on the outputs measured experimentally.

Background Longitudinal clinical surveillance by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an established practice in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Non-Invasive Imaging Guidelines recommends a list of reporting elements that should be addressed during routine TTE in this population. In this study, we assessed the adherence to these recommendations. Methods This was a multi-center (n = 8) retrospective review of TTE reports in children ≤11 years of age who have had complete TOF repair. We included 10 patients from each participating center (n = 80) and scored 2 outpatient follow-up TTE reports on each patient. The adherence rate was based on completeness of TTE reporting elements derived from the guidelines. Results We reviewed 160 TTE reports on 80 patients. Median age was 4.4 months (IQR 1.5-6.6) and 3.6 years (IQR 1.3-6.4) at the time of complete surgical repair and first TTE report, respectively. The median adherence rate to recommended reporting elements was 61% (IQR 53–70). Of the 160 reports, 9 (7%) were ≥80% adherent and 40 (25%) were ≥70% adherent. Quantitative measurements of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), right ventricular (RV) size and function, and branch pulmonary arteries were least likely to be reported. Conclusions Overall adherence to the most recent published imaging guidelines for surveillance of children with repaired TOF patients was suboptimal, especially for reporting of RVOT, RV size and function, and branch pulmonary arteries. Further studies are needed to explore the barriers to adherence to guidelines and most importantly, whether adherence is associated with clinical outcomes.

International audience; Surface integrity directly affects the mechanical behavior of the workpiece, which is especially relevant on fatigue behavior. To characterize the quality of the machined surface, aspects such as material damage, roughness or residual stress are considered. Measurement of the material damage of the surface is characterized in some cases as surface drag, depth of the affected machining zone, a phenomenon which takes place due to plastic strain in the surface layer caused by machining stress which could have an influence on residual stress. Surface drag measurement done with optical microscopes has relevant uncertainty. In this paper, a methodology to measure the surface drag with lower uncertainty is proposed. The method consists of measuring the deformation of a grid as a result of the machining process. The grid was created with micromilling. The method was applied to analyze the effect of feed on the surface integrity after orthogonal cutting of Ti-6Al-4V. The depth of the affected layer was measured using a 3D optical measuring device (Alicona Infinite Focus IFG4) and compared with numerical simulations and a good agreement was achieved. In comparison with optical microscope results, it can be concluded that traditional method underestimates surface drag

The ploughing force related with action of edge radius is an important factor which influences flow stress, chip formation or surface integrity. Some fraction of the cutting forces are called parasitic (additional) forces and they do not contribute on chip formation process. These forces are usually assumed to be the cutting force (constant value) for zero feed. However, this effect is related with the edge radius. To improve force modelling prediction, a new mechanistic model to predict cutting force considering edge radius is presented. The model was developed for two cutting speeds and in a wide range of feeds for three edge radii. The model was validated with additional experimental tests, achieving relative errors lower than 3%.

Background The American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratory Productivity was formed in 2011 to study institutional factors that could influence the clinical productivity of physicians and sonographers in academic pediatric echocardiography laboratories. In the previous two surveys, staff clinical productivity remained stable while total echocardiography volumes increased. This third survey was designed to assess how clinical productivity is associated with laboratory infrastructure elements such as training, administrative tasks, quality improvement, research, and use of focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU). Methods Survey questions were sent by e-mail to North American laboratories. The aims were to assess (1) educational and training obligations, (2) academic productivity and research, (3) laboratory medical director satisfaction, (4) quality improvement, (5) laboratory leadership roles, and (6) impact and use of FCU. Survey responses were compared with clinical productivity metrics defined in the first two surveys. Results There were 38 responses. Academic productivity was higher at institutions with more dedicated imaging personnel, personnel with dedicated protected academic time, and advanced imaging fellows. Academic productivity did not correlate with clinical productivity and was not significantly affected by the presence of dedicated research sonographers. The satisfaction level of laboratory medical directors was related to dedicated administrative time and an administrative stipend. The majority of administrative roles were tasked to the laboratory medical director with support of the technical director. FCU was listed as a hospital privilege at four institutions (13%). Twenty-two (58%) were training FCU providers in one or more subspecialties. FCU was not associated with clinical or academic productivity. Conclusion This third survey gathered supplemental data to complement the clinical productivity data collected from the first two surveys. Together, the results of these surveys further describe the range of factors that can affect North American academic pediatric echocardiography laboratories.

[EN] Porous Clays Heterostructures (PCH) from natural pillared clays (bentonite with a high proportion of montmorillonite) have been used as supports of iron oxide for two reactions of environmental interest: i) the elimination of toluene (a representative compound of one of the most toxic subsets of volatile organic compounds, aromatics) by total oxidation and ii) the selective oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur. For both reactions these catalysts have resulted to be remarkably more efficient than similar catalysts prepared using conventional silica as a support. Thus, in the total oxidation of toluene it has been observed that the catalytic activity obtained using siliceous PCH is two orders of magnitude higher than that with conventional silica. The catalytic activity has shown to be dependant of the capacity of the support for dispersing iron oxide in a way that the higher the dispersion of iron oxide on the surface of the support, the higher is the activity. In the case of the selective oxidation of H2S to S both higher catalytic activity and higher selectivity to S have been observed using siliceous porous clays heterostructures than using conventional silica. Highly dispersed FeOx species have been shown as highly selective towards elemental sulfur whereas more aggregated FeOx species favour the formation of sulphur oxides decreasing the selectivity to S. Analyses of the surface by XPS have shown the predominance of sulfate species in the catalysts presenting low selectivity to elemental sulfur., The authors would like to acknowledge the DGICYT in Spain (CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, CTQ2015-68951-C3-3-R, CTQ2012-37925-C03-2, CTQ2012-37925-C03-3 and CTQ2012-37984-C02-01) and FEDER for financial support. We also thank the University of Valencia for funding (UV-INV-AE-16-484416) and SCSIE-UV for assistance.

Background The American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratory Productivity aimed to study factors that could influence the clinical productivity of physicians and sonographers and assess longitudinal trends for the same. The first survey results indicated that productivity correlated with the total volume of echocardiograms. Methods Survey questions were designed to assess productivity for (1) physician full-time equivalent (FTE) allocated to echocardiography reading (echocardiograms per physician FTE per day), (2) sonographer FTE (echocardiograms per sonographer FTE per year), and (3) machine utilization (echocardiograms per machine per year). Questions were also posed to assess work flow and workforce. Results For fiscal year 2013 or academic year 2012–2013, the mean number of total echocardiograms—including outreach, transthoracic, fetal, and transesophageal echocardiograms—per physician FTE per day was 14.3 ± 5.9, the mean number of echocardiograms per sonographer FTE per year was 1,056 ± 441, and the mean number of echocardiograms per machine per year was 778 ± 303. Both physician and sonographer productivity was higher at high-volume surgical centers and with echocardiography slots scheduled concordantly with clinic visits. Having an advanced imaging fellow and outpatient sedation correlated negatively with clinical laboratory productivity. Machine utilization was greater in laboratories with higher sonographer and physician productivity and lower for machines obtained before 2009. Conclusion Measures of pediatric echocardiography laboratory staff productivity and machine utilization were shown to correlate positively with surgical volume, total echocardiography volumes, and concordant echocardiography scheduling; the same measures correlated negatively with having an advanced imaging fellow and outpatient sedation. There has been no significant change in staff productivity noted over two Committee on Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratory Productivity survey cycles, suggesting that hiring practices have matched laboratory volume increases.

Centruroides tecomanus is a medically important scorpion of the state of Colima (Mexico). This communication reports the identification of venom components of this scorpion with biological activity over insects/crickets (Acheta domestica), crustaceans/fresh water shrimps (Cambarellus montezumae), and mammalians/mice (Mus musculus, strain CD1). It also describes the pharmacological effects on cell lines in culture (L5178Y cells, HeLa cells, HuTu cells and Jurkat E6-1 cells), as well as on several types of bacteria (see below). The soluble venom of this scorpion was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and collected separately in twelve independent fractions collected over 60 min run (5 min time apart each other). The HPLC components of fraction VII were lethal to all three species used for assay. The IVth fraction had a toxic effect on freshwater shrimps. In this species, fractions VI, VII and VIII were all lethal. For crickets, fractions V and VI were toxic and fraction VII was lethal. In mouse, the lethal components were found in fraction VII, whereas fraction VIII was toxic, but not lethal, at the doses assayed. The molecular weight of peptides from the various group of fractions were identified by mass spectrometry determination. Components lethal to mice showed molecular weights from 7013 to 7487 Da. Two peptides were obtained in homogeneous form and shown to be lethal to the three species of animal used for assay. The soluble venom tested on L5178Y cell line survival was shown to be cytotoxic, at 10-100 μg/mL concentration, when compared to control murine splenocytes (p = 0.007). The soluble venom applied to Hela, Hutu and Jurkat cell lines did not show cytotoxic effects at these concentrations. On the contrary, it seems to have a proliferative effect. However the HPLC fractions I, III, VI and XII do have a cytotoxic effect on Jurkat E06-1 cells in culture at 200 μg/mL concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the venom fractions on Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Salmonella spp (gram-negative) was measured, using the liquid inhibition growth system. The four strains of bacteria used were susceptible to fractions III and IV, affecting all four bacterial strains at concentrations below 5 μg/mL.

Machining operations affect the properties of the final surface layer, and these can impact on its functional performance, particularly on fatigue behaviour. Among the properties of the machined surface, surface topography is one major parameter affecting fatigue behaviour. The literature review has demonstrated that stress concentration factors Kt of the surface provide a more reliable estimation of the impact on the fatigue behaviour of machined components. Finite Element (FE) simulations can accurately calculate the stress concentration factor of machined surfaces, but they incur a high computational cost. Recent advances have shown that analytical models can reliably determine stress concentration factors of 2D roughness profiles. However, analytical models that predict stress concentration factors of 3D surface topographies are still lacking. This paper is aimed at developing an analytical method to calculate the stress concentration factor Kt of 3D surfaces generated by machining operations. To validate the model, a specimen of 7475-T7351 aluminium alloy was face milled and its surface topography was characterised using an Alicona IFG4 profilometer. Stress concentration factors were calculated in the selected surface regions using the proposed analytical model, and later compared to results obtained by FE simulations. The mean difference in the stress concentration factor Kt calculated by the proposed analytical and FE models is of 1.53%. Importantly, the developed analytical model reduces the computing time by 3000 times compared to FE models, and enables the analysis of larger surfaces.

[EN] A family of Fe-based catalysts supported hollow silica mesospheres has been synthesized and tested in the catalytic partial oxidation of H2S to elemental sulfur at 170.180 degrees C, atmospheric pressure and under 300 min of time-on-stream. The characterization of the synthesized catalysts by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra (DRS), H-2-termoprogrammed reduction (H-2-TPR), N-2 adsorption-desorption at -196 degrees C and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the formation of a catalytic system with high micro- and mesoporosity with high dispersion of the Fe2O3 species. The catalytic results reported high activity in the selective oxidation of H2S, reaching a highest conversion value close to 94% with a selectivity towards elemental sulfur of 98% after 300 min of time on stream (TOS) at 180 degrees C for the HMS-10Fe catalyst. The comparison of Fe-containing HMS (10 wt% of iron loading) with other SiO2-based supports, as a fumed silica (Cab-osil) or a mesoporous silica (SBA-15), presents different H2S conversion values, following the next trend: HMS-10Fe > SBA-10Fe > Cab-10Fe. These results suggest that the use of a support with a narrow pore tend to facilitate the iron dispersion favoring higher conversion rates., The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) (MINECO) CTQ2015-68951-C1-3R y CTQ2015-68951-C3-3R, Junta de Andalucia (Spain) P12-RNM 1565 and FEDER funds. In addition, the authors also thank Fundacao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (FUNCAP) by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) - Processo: PDSE 99999.002602/2014-08.

Large monoliths of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) glasses have been prepared from sol–gel derived hybrids. SiOC powders were shaped by using different binders, pressing techniques and with varying dwelling times at the sintering temperature. The influence of the sintering conditions has been studied. The resulting sintered materials are comprised by a strong glassy matrix where amorphous silica, glassy carbon and amorphous and crystalline SiC coexist. The carbon phase presents three-dimensional ordering formed by nanodomains of glassy carbon of 1.5–2.0 nm. Silicon carbide presents nanodomains of 2.2–2.4 nm independently of the processing conditions. The data obtained from characterization suggest that the use of either the uniaxial die pressing technique or PARALOID leads to a bond redistribution and phase separation before the carbothermal reduction, a fact that has been attributed to the presence of defects in the green bodies.

[EN] In this paper we present the results of the synthesis, characterization and catalytic behaviour of Mo(W)¿Nb¿V¿O mixed metal oxides bronzes for the catalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene. The catalysts were prepared hydrothermally with different Mo/W/Nb/V/P atomic ratio and heat-treated at 500 and 700 °C. They were characterized by several techniques as N2-adsorption, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM-EDS, temperature programmed desorption, temperature programmed reduction, UV¿vis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine and 18O/16O isotope exchange. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of samples heat-treated at 500 °C suggest the presence of a semi-crystalline material with a diffraction peak at ca. 2¿ = 22.2°, while XRD patterns of samples heat-treated at 700 °C show the formation of a tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structure. The activity for the catalytic abatement of trichloroethylene strongly depends on the heat-treatment temperature and the catalyst composition. Thus, samples with W/(Mo + W) atomic ratios of 0.25-0.75 and heat-treated at 500 °C are the most active ones. The enhanced activity has been related to the remarkable higher surface area of the catalyst and to the catalyst composition which influences the acid characteristics as well as the reducibility and reoxidation of the catalysts. The importance of the oxygen dissociation on the catalyst surface and the diffusion of oxygen species through the catalyst are also discussed., The authors wish to thank DGICYT in Spain (Project CTQ2009-14495 and CSD2009-00050-CONSOLIDER/INGENIO 2010) and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for the financial support. N.B.R. acknowledges Catedra Cemex Sostenibilidad (UPV) for a fellowship. M.D.S. acknowledges Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a fellowship.

[EN] Present paper describes the influence of the incorporation of alkali metal cations (AM = Li, Na, K, Cs; and an AM/V ratio of 0.04) and Na-content (Na/V ratio of 0.02-0.30) in alkali metal promoted V2O5 catalyst on both the catalyst structure and the catalytic performance in H2S partial oxidation reactions. The catalytic activity depends on the alkali metal and the amount of alkali metal added, although Na-containing catalysts seem to be the more active ones. However, selectivity to sulphur higher than 98% is achieved in the main of catalysts when working at reaction temperature lower than 220 degrees C. According to the characterization results of used catalysts, V4O9 is selectively formed during the catalytic tests on catalysts presenting V2O5 crystallites. In catalysts with Na/V ratios higher than 0.04, V4O9 and Na0.33V2O5 are observed, the presence of Na0.33V2O5 increasing when increasing the Na/V ratio. Accordingly, V4O9 and Na0.33V2O5 can be proposed as the active and selective crystalline phase in Na-containing catalysts. The role of the presence of V4+-O-V5+ pairs in partial oxidation of H2S is also discussed. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Financial support from DGICYT in Spain through Project CTQ2009-14495 and Project MAT2009-10481 and FEDER funds are gratefully acknowledged. MDS thanks a fellowship from the Universidad Politecnica of Valencia.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated that the aortic root may be dilated in a dimension that two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is not able to interrogate. In the standard parasternal long-axis view, only a portion of the aortic root in the anteroposterior (AP) dimension can be visualized, as opposed to three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE), which can capture the entire root in an infinite number of planes. The purposes of the present study were to compare measurements of dilated aortic roots between 3DE and 2DE and to evaluate interobserver variability on 3DE.Thirty-one patients (median age, 13 years) with aortic root dilation were identified. Two-dimensional echocardiographic images and full-volume electrocardiographically gated 3D echocardiographic (3DE) images were obtained. Two blinded observers measured six dimensions of the aortic root in the short-axis view: three in the AP dimension and three in the transverse dimensions. Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements were made by a third blinded observer. The largest AP 3DE measurement was compared with two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements. Interobserver 3DE measurements were also compared.The median aortic root Z score was +2.63. Maximum 3DE measurement in any plane of the root size was significantly greater than on 2DE (P.0001). The largest AP dimension by 3DE was significantly greater than on 2DE (P = .001). There was no significant interobserver variability for the largest dimension or those in the AP dimension, but a difference was found in the transverse dimension (P = .02).Three-dimensional echocardiography compares favorably with 2DE in the evaluation of aortic root dilation in patients with known histories of aortic root disease. Three-dimensional echocardiography found that the largest diameter measured was significantly larger than on 2DE. The interobserver variability of 3DE is low, particularly in the AP dimension and in identifying the largest diameter. Three-dimensional echocardiography can be a useful technique in the periodic surveillance of patients with aortic root dilation.

Cardiac MRI can predict the likely tumor type in the majority of children with a cardiac mass. A comprehensive imaging protocol is essential for accurate diagnosis. However, histologic diagnosis remains the gold standard, and in some cases malignancy cannot be definitively excluded on the basis of cardiac MRI images alone.

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis affecting coronary arteries in children. Patients, refractory to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin, show higher rates of coronary artery dilation. Early tumor necrosis factor α receptor antagonism in KD may provide effective adjunctive therapy. Study Design The EATAK trial is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial intended to assess the efficacy of etanercept in reducing the intravenous immunoglobulin refractory rate during treatment of acute KD. Each arm will enroll 110 patients who will receive 3 doses of study drug over 2 weeks in conjunction with standard therapy. Coronary artery dilation parameters will serve as secondary end points. Discussion The EATAK trial will test a new paradigm for treatment of acute KD involving tumor necrosis factor α antagonism by etanercept.

At an early morning hour at the start of a busy work day, a dozen individuals position themselves at conference room tables in front of a projector and screen. After the lights dim, a series of scenarios are presented, each one selected to review a diagnostic error. In the ensuing discussion, the group attempts to identify root causes. For those who had been directly involved in the error, personal feelings are set aside with the recognition that a dispassionate evaluation is the best means for identification and prevention of future errors. A nonblameful conference environment allows free discussion, leading to the formulation of an action plan. This type of conference likely takes place in many industries, whether it be manufacturing, aerospace, or health care. In clinical cardiology, the same kind of multidisciplinary approach is increasingly being used to assess and address diagnostic errors in echocardiography. The goal is to improve patient care. In this issue of JASE, Benavidez et al. 1 strive to better define the sources of diagnostic errors in congenital echocardiography, while at the same time inserting examples and suggesting strategies to mitigate error risks. Their work highlights and acknowledges a new focus in 21st-century medicine. In clinical echocardiography, we may know how to do it. 2 The next questions form the crux of Benavidez et al.’s present work: How well are we doing it? 3 How do we manage error risks if we don’t measure them? How dowe integrate these important goals within the quality domain, recognizing that additional resources will be required for effective implementation? Like health care itself, the concept of quality is evolving. The Institute ofMedicine,anarmofthe NationalAcademyof Sciences,listssix quality dimensions: safety, effectiveness, timeliness, equity, efficiency, and patient-centeredness. 4 We hear of ‘‘quality assurance’’ activities, implying that achievement of a preset standard represents ‘‘quality.’’ Once achieved, the process need go no further. Those words have been frequently replaced by the phrase ‘‘quality improvement’’ or the more explicit ‘‘continuous quality improvement.’’ The evolving phrase becomes its own illustration that just like any biologic system, a standard, an established process, or a condition is ephemeral. Ensuring quality demands meticulous attention and ongoing awareness of situations and resources. Success requires both the realization that however good a quality assurance process or echocardiogram may seem to be, it can always be better, and that the review process be free of blame or retaliation. Quality improvement initiatives involve not just the echocardiography laboratory but also extend broadly throughout other arenas, such as health care administration and physician and sonographer credentialing. In 2000, the American Board of Medical Specialties, composed of 24 different specialty boards, including pediatrics and internal medicine, chose to shift the idea of physician credentialing from recertification to the trademarked ‘‘maintenance of certification.’’ Even in the face of controversy, maintenance of certification has become an expected activity for those wishing to remain board certified. For both pediatrics and internal medicine, ongoing certification is now predicated on successfully completing activities that are considered to be important in quality improvement. More recently, the self-rebranded Intersocietal Accreditation Commission, formerly called the Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Echocardiography Laboratories, created guidelines to incorporate quality improvement measures in echocardiography laboratories. 5 To come full circle, at the time of this writing, the commission offered its own program for pediatric cardiologists to accrue maintenance-ofcertification credit. 6 The mission and directives of creating quality improvement metrics are taking form, but questions remain. What metrics do we measure, and how do we measure them? Cardiologists have the opportunity to have a direct impact on what parameters should be tracked and assessed, while at the same time receiving credit toward certification.

9 figures, 3 tables.-- Supplemantary information available, The total oxidation of two representative VOCs, propane and toluene, has been studied using mesoporous α-FeO catalysts. Different preparation methods have been followed leading to mesoporous materials with different characteristics. Whilst a mesoporous catalyst formed by aggregation of nanocrystals has been produced by soft chemistry using oxalic acid as precipitating agent, a mesoporous material with crystalline walls have been prepared by a nanocasting route using a hard template. These catalysts have been characterized by several physicochemical techniques: XRD, N adsorption, TPR, XPS, TEM, HR-TEM, SAED and EDX. Among the different α-FeO catalysts synthesized differences not only in the surface area and morphology have been observed but also in the lattice parameter, in the concentration of oxygen defects for VOCs adsorption and in the reducibility. In the case of the toluene oxidation it has been observed that the catalytic activity is highest for the catalysts prepared by a nanocasting route, which presents a very high surface area of 208 m g. Conversely, for propane oxidation the most active catalyst resulted to be the mesoporous nanocrystalline catalyst formed by aggregation. In this case, a direct relationship between reducibility and catalytic activity normalized per surface area has been observed. The differences between toluene and propane oxidation can be tentatively ascribed to different reaction mechanisms to be accounted for., The authors would like to acknowledge the DGICYT in Spain (CTQ2012-37925-C03-1, CTQ2012-37925-C03-2, CTQ2012-37925-C03-3 and CTQ2012-37984-C02-01) and FEDER for financial support.

During a 6-week period, three groups of 10 cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) only or fed the TMR plus access to mixed grass/clover pastures for 8 h after the morning (PAM) or afternoon (PPM) milking to determine the influence of voluntary pasture intake on profiles of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat. Cows in PAM had access to paddocks (0.2 ha per day) from 03:00 to 11:00 h, whereas cows in PPM were allowed to graze from 15:00 to 22:00 h. Estimated intake of dry matter (DM) from the TMR by cows within groups was 25, 20, or 16 kg per day, respectively, for TMR, PAM, or PPM. Milk yield was not affected by treatments averaging 31 kg per day, and concentrations and yields of milk components were also unaffected. Milk fat concentration of trans 10-18:1 was higher for cows fed TMR compared with PAM or PPM. In contrast, concentrations of trans 11-18:1 in milk fat from cows fed PAM (20 mg/g total fatty acids) or PPM (24 mg/g) was higher compared with those fed the TMR (14 mg/g). Cows fed PAM or PPM also had greater concentrations of cis 9, trans 11-18:2 (9 or 10 mg/g) compared with those fed TMR (6 mg/g). Thus, daily yields of trans 11-18:1 averaged 17, 20, and 13 g per day and yields of cis 9, trans 11-18:2 were 8, 8, and 5 g per day, respectively, for cows fed PAM, PPM, or TMR. Responses (except for cis 9, trans 11-18:2 yield) were higher when PPM was fed, compared with PAM. Concentration of 18:3 n −3 in milk fat from cows fed PAM or PPM increased by 60% compared with cows fed TMR only. Pasture intake also resulted in two-fold increases in concentrations of trans 11, cis 15-18:2, an intermediate of 18:3 n −3 hydrogenation, in milk fat. Milk fat concentrations of trans 11-18:1, cis 9, trans 11-18:2, and trans 11, cis 15-18:2 were positively correlated with 18:3 n −3 concentration. Results suggest daily access to pasture for 8 h can substantially increase concentrations of 18:3 n −3, trans 11, cis 15-18:2, cis 9, trans 11-18:2, and trans 11-18:1 in milk fat of cows dependent on a TMR for the majority of their nutrients. Although desaturation of rumen-derived vaccenic acid seems to account for the majority of milk fat cis 9, trans 11-18:2 in grazing cows, data also showed that vaccenic acid desaturation may be independent of its concentration.

Purpose Hemodynamic assessment by catheterization (CATH) remains the cornerstone of cardiac performance evaluation. However, it is expensive and invasive. At the opposite end of the spectrum is BNP followed by echocardiography (ECHO). We sought to examine the correlation of BNP with ECHO and CATH parameters. Methods and Materials Single-center, retrospective review of recipients transplanted at Results The cohort median age at transplant was 3.4 yrs (IQR 0.38-10) with 55% male and 45% cardiomyopathy. There were 225 annual datasets (3.2/patient) with a median followup of 3.4 years (IQR 2.0-6.1). The median BNP was 54 pg/mL (IQR 26-96). BNP was correlated with HCT (R=-0.29, p 2.7 (R=0.265, p >0.001). Evaluating the hemodynamic data, BNP correlated with right sided filling pressures: RAP (R=0.341, p=0.001), RVEDP (R=.344, p 100 pg/mL. Conclusions BNP as measured at annual catheterization was correlated with left and right side filling pressures and some ECHO parameters. In multivariate analysis, a BNP cutoff of >100 pg/mL was associated with RAP, vasculopathy, HCT, and possibly with LV mass. This simple test may have utility in the monitoring of cardiac performance with the caveat that a low HCT can also affect its levels.

Introduccion El sindrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada o sindrome uveomeningitico, es una enfermedad granulomatosa multisistemica de causa desconocida, que afecta a ojos, oidos, piel, pelo y sistema nervioso. Caso clinico Adolescente, nino, de 14 anos que consulta por perdida progresiva de vision del ojo derecho de 4 dias de evolucion, refiriendo como una tela que le impide ver el campo nasal derecho. A la exploracion se constata una perdida de vision en el hemicampo izquierdo del ojo derecho, con una anisocoria franca. El fondo de ojo muestra alteraciones en el epitelio pigmentario retiniano con puntos exudativos y pliegues maculares. Sin acomodacion del ojo derecho a la convergencia. Perdida de vision de un 0,3. Papilas normales. Resto de exploracion fisica normal. Las exploraciones complementarias (incluida la puncion lumbar) orientan el diagnostico hacia sindrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada incompleto, por lo que se inicia tratamiento con corticoides en dosis altas con buena respuesta y recuperacion de la vision y del fondo de ojo. Conclusiones El sindrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada es una entidad de afectacion multisistemica, poco frecuente y de etiologia desconocida. Afectandose individuos geneticamente susceptibles. El mecanismo fisiopatologico es autoinmunitario, contra antigenos melanociticos. Las manifestaciones clinicas y oculares dependen de la etapa en que se encuentre la enfermedad. Para diagnosticarlo se requiere afectacion ocular, con afectacion auditiva o del sistema nervioso central, excluyendo otras enfermedades, cirugia o traumatismos oculares previos. El tratamiento consiste en corticoides en dosis altas y prolongadas, o bien con inmunosupresores o gammaglobulinas intravenosas en los casos refractarios. Su pronostico es reservado ya que pueden haber recaidas, dificiles de predecir y por tanto de prevenir.

Objetivo Presentar un caso clinico de un lactante con hidrocele comunicante bilateral y hernia inguinal izquierda en relacion a la migracion escrotal de un cateter de derivacion ventriculo-peritoneal. Caso clinico Lactante varon de 8 meses de vida, con antecedentes personales de prematuridad y portador de una valvula de derivacion ventriculo-peritoneal por hidrocefalia secundaria a meningitis neonatal que acude porque, segun refiere su madre, presenta un aumento variable del tamano de ambos testiculos. A la exploracion fisica destacaba presencia de un hidrocele comunicante bilateral y hernia inguinal izquierda, palpandose a nivel del teste derecho un cordon que parecia corresponder con el cateter de derivacion V-P. El resto de la exploracion fue normal, no presentando signos de malfuncion valvular. Se realizo una radiografia simple antera-posterior de abdomen en la que se observo la presencia del cateter a nivel del saco escrotal derecho. El paciente fue sometido a herniografia inguinal bilateral, objetivandose la presencia de cateter en el interior del saco herniario derecho, procediendose a su colocacion intraabdominal y cierre del defecto. Conclusion Se ha descrito una mayor incidencia de hidroceles y hernias inguinales en ninos portadores de valvulas de derivacion ventriculo-peritoneal con respecto a otros ninos. Los principales factores implicados son el aumento de la presion intraabdominal y la persistencia del proceso vaginal. Ante el desarrollo de un hidrocele en un paciente portador de una valvula de derivacion V-P, debernos tener presente la posibilidad de una complicacion debida a migracion del cateter.

[EN] This paper deals with an investigation of hexagonal W-Nb-O and W-V-Nb-O bronzes as catalysts for the one-pot oxidehydration of glycerol into acrylic acid. In a previous work, we reported that the best yield to acrylic acid obtained with the W-V-O bronze was 25%; in the current work, the incorporation of Nb in the tri-component bronze structure allowed us to obtain the best acrylic acid yield of 34%. The W-Nb-O bronze was an efficient acid catalyst for the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein - more selective than WO3 at temperatures lower than 300 degrees C -, whereas in the tri-component system the presence of V conferred to the catalyst the redox properties for the partial oxidation of acrolein into acrylic acid. The characterization of the catalysts confirmed the incorporation of Nb5+ in the hexagonal structure, and the generation of acid sites with enhanced strength compared to the bi-component W-V-O system. This also enhanced the stability of catalytic performance during short-term lifetime experiments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., CIRI (Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca industriale, Universita di Bologna) Energia e Ambiente is acknowledged for the research grant assigned to Alessandro Chieregato. MIUR (Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica) is acknowledged for the PhD grant to Stefania Guidetti (Progetto Giovani). MIPAAF (Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali) is acknowledged for partially financing the project (Progetto Extravalore, PNR 2005-2007). Financial support from DGICYT in Spain (Project CTQ-2009-14495) and Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2010/091) is gratefully acknowledged.