1. Global, regional, and national burden of brain and other CNS cancer, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Molly R Nixon, Saeid Safiri, Ahmad Daryani, Mostafa Qorbani, Nahla Anber, Tahiya Alam, Amir Kasaeian, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Khanh Bao Tran, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Bach Xuan Tran, Irina Filip, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Mari Smith, Reza Shirkoohi, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Ibrahim A Khalil, Emma Nichols, Ebrahim M Yimer, Zoubida Zaidi, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ashish Awasthi, Mehdi Sharif, Foad Abd-Allah, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Christina Fitzmaurice, Eduarda Fernandes, Abdallah M. Samy, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Gabriel David Pinilla-Monsalve, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Hosein Safari, Elisabete Weiderpass, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Huyen Phuc Do, Fares Alahdab, Gabriele Nagel, Gurudatta Naik, James D. Harvey, Hossein Poustchi, Simon I. Hay, Rajesh Sharma, Mohsen Naghavi, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Andrew T Olagunju, Ali H. Mokdad, Masood Ali Shaikh, Dominic Agius, Christine A. Allen, Abate Bekele Belachew, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Anoop P. Patel, Ravi Prakash Jha, Ali Bijani, Samer Hamidi, Jasvinder A. Singh, Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs, David M. Pereira, Theo Vos, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Kyle J Foreman, Meaza Girma Degefa, Irfan Ullah, Valery L. Feigin, James L. Fisher, Gholamreza Roshandel, Young-Ho Khang, Ferrán Catalá-López, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Long Hoang Nguyen, Amir Radfar, Christopher J L Murray, Jemal Abdela, Robert Reiner, Vesna Zadnik, Manisha Dubey, Getnet Mengistu, Hamid Badali, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Tone Bjørge, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and GBD 2016 Brain CNS Canc
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Adult ,Male ,Burden of disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Total fertility rate ,CNS cancer ,Global Burden of Disease ,Central Nervous System Neoplasms ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost of Illness ,Risk Factors ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Estimation ,Brain Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Age Factors ,1. No poverty ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Cancer registry ,Fertility ,Years of potential life lost ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Human medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Brain and CNS cancers (collectively referred to as CNS cancers) are a source of mortality and morbidity for which diagnosis and treatment require extensive resource allocation and sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic technology. Previous epidemiological studies are limited to specific geographical regions or time periods, making them difficult to compare on a global scale. In this analysis, we aimed to provide a comparable and comprehensive estimation of the global burden of brain cancer between 1990 and 2016. METHODS: We report means and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) estimates for CNS cancers (according to the International Classification of Diseases tenth revision: malignant neoplasm of meninges, malignant neoplasm of brain, and malignant neoplasm of spinal cord, cranial nerves, and other parts of CNS) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016. Data sources include vital registration and cancer registry data. Mortality was modelled using an ensemble model approach. Incidence was estimated by dividing the final mortality estimates by mortality to incidence ratios. DALYs were estimated by summing years of life lost and years lived with disability. Locations were grouped into quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. FINDINGS: In 2016, there were 330 000 (95% UI 299 000 to 349 000) incident cases of CNS cancer and 227 000 (205 000 to 241 000) deaths globally, and age-standardised incidence rates of CNS cancer increased globally by 17·3% (95% UI 11·4 to 26·9) between 1990 and 2016 (2016 age-standardised incidence rate 4·63 per 100 000 person-years [4·17 to 4·90]). The highest age-standardised incidence rate was in the highest quintile of SDI (6·91 [5·71 to 7·53]). Age-standardised incidence rates increased with each SDI quintile. East Asia was the region with the most incident cases of CNS cancer for both sexes in 2016 (108 000 [95% UI 98 000 to 122 000]), followed by western Europe (49 000 [37 000 to 54 000]), and south Asia (31 000 [29 000 to 37 000]). The top three countries with the highest number of incident cases were China, the USA, and India. CNS cancer was responsible for 7·7 million (95% UI 6·9 to 8·3) DALYs globally, a non-significant change in age-standardised DALY rate of -10·0% (-16·4 to 2·6) between 1990 and 2016. The age-standardised DALY rate decreased in the high SDI quintile (-10·0% [-27·1 to -0·1]) and high-middle SDI quintile (-10·5% [-18·4 to -1·4]) over time but increased in the low SDI quintile (22·5% [11·2 to 50·5]). INTERPRETATION: CNS cancer is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, and incidence increased between 1990 and 2016. Significant geographical and regional variation in the incidence of CNS cancer might be reflective of differences in diagnoses and reporting practices or unknown environmental and genetic risk factors. Future efforts are needed to analyse CNS cancer burden by subtype. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Sí
- Published
- 2019
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