174 results on '"E Wallace"'
Search Results
2. Comparison of Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility and Use between Commercial, Medicare, and Medicare Advantage Enrollees
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Danny R. Hughes, Jie Chen, Alexandra E. Wallace, Shubhsri Rajendra, Stefan Santavicca, Richard Duszak, Elizabeth Y. Rula, and Robert A. Smith
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2023
3. Pancreatic panniculitis and polyarthropathy due to undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
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Carly E. Wallace, Christopher Heath, Michael Visconti, and Barry Auster
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Dermatology - Published
- 2022
4. Painless eyelid nodule
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Carly E, Wallace, Christopher, Heath, and Stephen, Olsen
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Dermatology - Published
- 2022
5. Aphasia and friendship: Stroke survivors’ self-reported changes over time
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Elizabeth B. Madden, Lauren Bislick, Sarah E. Wallace, Michelle C.S. Therrien, and Rachel Goff-Albritton
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Speech and Hearing ,Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,LPN and LVN - Published
- 2023
6. Genetic aortic disease epidemiology, management principles, and disparities in care
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Stephanie E Wallace, Karina Newhall, Sherene Shalhub, and Osa Okunbor
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aortic Diseases ,030232 urology & nephrology ,MEDLINE ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Risk Assessment ,Aortic disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Health care ,Epidemiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Healthcare Disparities ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,United States ,Race Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,Etiology ,Female ,Surgery ,Patient input ,Management principles ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic heritable aortopathies (also known as genetic aortic disease) are a heterogeneous group of patients who present at younger ages with more rapid growth of aortic aneurysms and/or increased frequency of dissections compared with patients with atherosclerotic aortopathies. In this review, we describe the etiology, epidemiology, and appropriate care delivery for these conditions at each stage of management. Within each section, we discuss sex, gender, and race differences and highlight disparities in care and knowledge. We then discuss the role of the vascular team throughout the cycle of care and the evolving inclusion of patient input in research. This understanding is essential to the creation of effective health care policies that support equitable, appropriate, and patient-centered clinical practices.
- Published
- 2021
7. A comprehensive profile of reproductive hormones in eusocial Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis)
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Kyra M E, Wallace, Daniel W, Hart, Nicole, Hagenah, Andre, Ganswindt, and Nigel C, Bennett
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Endocrinology ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
In species where sociality and group cohesion are primarily determined by the maintenance of a reproductive division of labour and cooperative behaviours, the eusocial Damaraland mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis) presents a model which provides behavioural and endocrine distinctions between sex (males and females) and reproductive class (breeders and non-breeders). Although previous studies have demonstrated the endocrine aspects of reproductive suppression and behaviour in Damaraland mole-rats, they have focused on one hormone separately and on different conspecifics and samples across time. Unfortunately, this could introduce extrinsic biases when using these studies to compile complete hormonal profiles for comparisons. This study, therefore, set out to obtain a profile of the reproductive hormones from breeding and non-breeding male and female Damaraland mole-rats at a single point in time, from which circulating plasma prolactin and urinary progesterone, testosterone, and cortisol were measured. As expected, plasma prolactin and urinary cortisol did not differ between the breeders and non-breeders. However, breeders (both male and female) possessed increased urinary testosterone and progesterone concentrations compared to their non-breeding counterparts. These results, in conjunction with the variation in the expression of the respective hormonal receptors within the brains of breeders and non-breeders suggest that elevated testosterone and progesterone in breeders establish a neural dominance phenotype, which ultimately aids in controlling breeding activities. This study has emphasised the need for holistic, comprehensive profiling of reproductive endocrine systems.
- Published
- 2023
8. Mangosteen for malignancy prevention and intervention: Current evidence, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives
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Lindsay S, Kalick, Hamaad A, Khan, Erica, Maung, Yasmany, Baez, Alexa N, Atkinson, Carly E, Wallace, Faith, Day, Blake E, Delgadillo, Arijit, Mondal, Ramida, Watanapokasin, Sandra M, Barbalho, and Anupam, Bishayee
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Pharmacology - Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), also known as the "queen of fruits", is a tropical fruit of the Clusiacea family. While native to Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, and the Philippines, the fruit has gained popularity in the United States due to its health-promoting attributes. In traditional medicine, mangosteen has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, ranging from dysentery to wound healing. Mangosteen has been shown to exhibit numerous biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Disease-preventative and therapeutic properties of mangosteen have been ascribed to secondary metabolites called xanthones, present in several parts of the tree, including the pericarp, fruit rind, peel, stem bark, root bark, and leaf. Of the 68 mangosteen xanthones identified so far, the most widely-studied are α-mangostin and γ-mangostin. Emerging studies have found that mangosteen constituents and phytochemicals exert encouraging antineoplastic effects against a myriad of human malignancies. While there are a growing number of individual research papers on the anticancer properties of mangosteen, a complete and critical evaluation of published experimental findings has not been accomplished. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to present an in-depth analysis of the cancer preventive and anticancer potential of mangosteen constituents, with a special emphasis on the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and safety of mangosteen-derived agents together with current challenges and future research avenues are also discussed.
- Published
- 2023
9. The pleiotropy associated with de novo variants in CHD4, CNOT3, and SETD5 extends to moyamoya angiopathy
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Dongchuan Guo, Natasha Kharas, Michael J. Bamshad, Ellen M. Hostetler, Stephanie E. Wallace, Stéphanie Guey, Markus Kraemer, Anjail Sharrief, Ellen S. Regalado, Deborah A. Nickerson, Alana C. Cecchi, Manoelle Kossorotoff, Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve, Amélie Pinard, Françoise Bergametti, Dianna M. Milewicz, Edward R. Smith, and Dominique Hervé
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Adult ,Male ,Proband ,Heart disease ,Developmental Disabilities ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Disease ,Article ,Chromatin remodeling ,Angiopathy ,Pleiotropy ,Intellectual Disability ,Exome Sequencing ,medicine ,Humans ,Exome ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Child ,Genetics (clinical) ,Exome sequencing ,Genetics ,business.industry ,DNA Helicases ,Nuclear Proteins ,food and beverages ,Methyltransferases ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Human genetics ,Cerebrovascular Disorders ,Child, Preschool ,Mutation ,Female ,Moyamoya Disease ,business ,Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
PURPOSE: Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by occlusion of large arteries, which leads to strokes starting in childhood. Twelve altered genes predispose to MMA but the majority of cases of European descent do not have an identified genetic trigger. METHODS: Exome sequencing from 39 trios were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified four de novo variants in three genes not previously associated with MMA: CHD4, CNOT3, and SETD5. Identification of additional rare variants in these genes in 158 unrelated MMA probands provided further support that rare pathogenic variants in CHD4 and CNOT3 predispose to MMA. Previous studies identified de novo variants in these genes in children with developmental disorders (DD), intellectual disability, and congenital heart disease. CONCLUSION: These genes encode proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, and taken together with previously reported genes leading to MMA-like cerebrovascular occlusive disease (YY1AP1, SMARCAL1), implicate disrupted chromatin remodeling as a molecular pathway predisposing to early onset, large artery occlusive cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, these data expand the spectrum of phenotypic pleiotropy due to alterations of CHD4, CNOT3, and SETD5 beyond DD to later onset disease in the cerebrovascular arteries and emphasize the need to assess clinical complications into adulthood for genes associated with DD.
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- 2020
10. Detecting schizophrenia early: Prediagnosis healthcare utilization characteristics of patients with schizophrenia may aid early detection
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Keith E. Isenberg, Matthew Sidovar, Anna E. Wallace, Whitney York, Jessica Franchino-Elder, Michael Sand, John Barron, and Mayura Shinde
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Early detection ,Comorbidity ,Drug Prescriptions ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Biological Psychiatry ,Retrospective Studies ,Medication use ,business.industry ,ICD-10 ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,medicine.disease ,Antidepressive Agents ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Early Diagnosis ,Healthcare utilization ,Cohort ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,business ,Facilities and Services Utilization ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Introduction Many patients exhibit subsyndromal clinical findings of schizophrenia prior to diagnosis. Early treatment may mitigate schizophrenia development, yet little is known about comorbidities and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in these patients before diagnosis. Methods This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study, conducted between January 1, 2007 and April 30, 2016, used claims data from the US HealthCore Integrated Research Database. Newly diagnosed patients with schizophrenia (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision: 295.x or ICD 10 F20.%) were identified and matched (1:4) with non-schizophrenia comparators. Patients were 15–54 years of age with either ≥1 inpatient/emergency room claim with a primary schizophrenia diagnosis, or ≥2 claims in any setting with any schizophrenia diagnosis. Demographics, comorbidities, physician specialties, medications, and related services, and other HCRU were compared between cohorts for up to 5 years before diagnosis. Results The schizophrenia cohort included 6732 patients (57.4% male, mean age 30.3 years for males and 36.2 years for females). All outcomes were more prevalent in the schizophrenia cohort than the comparator cohort. Substantial comorbidity, medication use, and HCRU were observed in the schizophrenia cohort even 4–5 years before diagnosis with increasing findings approaching diagnosis. From 4–5 years to 0–12 months before diagnosis, resource use increased from 20.5% to 53.3% for atypical antipsychotics, 29.3% to 48.2% for antidepressants, and 15.1% to 35.5% for psychiatric diagnostic examinations. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia extensively use healthcare resources up to 5 years before diagnosis. Our findings may help with developing predictive models to identify patients at high risk of schizophrenia.
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- 2020
11. Neighborhood matters: Neighborhood violence, collective efficacy, and social emotional development in early childhood
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Julia M. Fleckman, Stephanie Tokarz, Megan Claire Craig-Kuhn, Maeve E. Wallace, and Katherine P. Theall
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Sociology and Political Science ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Education - Published
- 2022
12. LB943 Tofacitinib treatment of inflammatory skin conditions in patients with Down Syndrome
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C.A. Dunnick, A. Rachubinski, B. Enriquez-Estrada, K. Worek, M. Galbraith, K. Smith, A. Hill, E. Gurnee, E. Wallace, D. Norris, and J. Espinosa
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Cell Biology ,Dermatology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2022
13. LB948 Oral cannabidiol treatment of seborrheic dermatitis in patients with Parkinson’s disease
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C. Zagona-Prizio, T.E. Sivesind, M.D. Szeto, E. Wallace, S.H. Sillau, Y. Liu, M.A. Leehey, C.A. Dunnick, and R. Dellavalle
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Cell Biology ,Dermatology ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2022
14. Iliac Artery Pathology Presentation and Management in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
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Asmaa El-Ghazali, Stephanie E. Wallace, Kyle Wu, Jimmy Nguyen, Peter Byers, and Sherene Shalhub
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Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2022
15. A Consensus Statement for the Management and Rehabilitation of Communication and Swallowing Function in the ICU: A Global Response to COVID-19
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Natasha Pillay, Liza Bergström, Margaret Walshe, Karen Dikeman, José Ribamar do Nascimento Junior, Anna-Liisa Sutt, Michelle Cimoli, Sonia Baker, Marta Kazandjian, Melanie McIntyre, Sally Archer, Sarah E. Wallace, Amy Freeman-Sanderson, Stacey A. Skoretz, Martin B. Brodsky, Jo Puntil-Sheltman, Therese Cole, Hanneke Kalf, Camilla Dawson, Stevie Marvin, Yoko Inamoto, Sallyanne Duncan, Clare L. Burns, Brooke L. J. Duggan, Debra M. Suiter, Sunaina Lakha, Jackie McRae, Elizabeth C. Ward, Irene de Pedro Netto, Bronwyn Hemsley, Leanie Engelbrecht, Charissa J. Zaga, Tanis S. Cameron, Nicola A. Clayton, Gemma M. Clunie, Nicole Langton-Frost, and Anna Miles
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030506 rehabilitation ,Speech-Language Pathology ,Delphi Technique ,medicine.medical_treatment ,1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Psychological intervention ,AGP, aerosol generating procedure ,0302 clinical medicine ,nursing ,COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019 ,Rehabilitation ,communication ,ICU, intensive care unit ,Intensive Care Units ,Scale (social sciences) ,Communication Disorders ,Workforce ,Workforce planning ,telemedicine ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,AAC, augmentative and alternative communication ,VFSS, videofluoroscopic swallow study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Telemedicine ,Consensus ,Critical Care ,FEES, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing ,education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Workforce management ,Speech Therapy ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Article ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,Likert scale ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,COVID-19 SLP Global Group ,Humans ,Physical Therapy Modalities ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,deglutition disorders ,Respiration, Artificial ,SLP, Speech-Language Pathologist ,Family medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective To identify core practices for workforce management of communication and swallowing functions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients within the intensive care unit (ICU). Design A modified Delphi methodology was used, with 3 electronic voting rounds. AGREE II and an adapted COVID-19 survey framework from physiotherapy were used to develop survey statements. Sixty-six statements pertaining to workforce planning and management of communication and swallowing function in the ICU were included. Setting Electronic modified Delphi process. Participants Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) (N=35) from 6 continents representing 12 countries. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome was consensus agreement, defined a priori as ≥70% of participants with a mean Likert score ≥7.0 (11-point scale: 0=strongly disagree, 10=strongly agree). Prioritization rank order of statements in a fourth round was also conducted. Results SLPs with a median of 15 years of ICU experience, working primarily in clinical (54%), academic (29%), or managerial positions (17%), completed all voting rounds. After the third round, 64 statements (97%) met criteria. Rank ordering identified issues of high importance. Conclusions A set of global consensus statements to facilitate planning and delivery of rehabilitative care for patients admitted to the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic were agreed by an international expert SLP group. Statements focused on considerations for workforce preparation, resourcing and training, and the management of communication and swallowing functions. These statements support and provide direction for all members of the rehabilitation team to use for patients admitted to the ICU during a global pandemic.
- Published
- 2021
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16. MYLK pathogenic variants aortic disease presentation, pregnancy risk, and characterization of pathogenic missense variants
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Alexandra Janda, Stephanie E. Wallace, Claudio F. Russo, Dongchuan Guo, Guillaume Jondeau, Dianna M. Milewicz, Ellen M. Hostetler, Catherine Boileau, Nadine Hanna, Roberto Colombo, Tami Johnston, Bo Carlberg, Kwanghyuk Lee, Christian Antolik, Ellen S. Regalado, Suzanne M. Leal, Limin Gong, Richard J. Kulmacz, Matias Hannuksela, and Pauline Arnaud
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Heterozygote ,MYLK ,Myosin light-chain kinase ,Aortic Diseases ,macromolecular substances ,030105 genetics & heredity ,Biology ,thoracic aortic surgery ,Aortic disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Aneurysm, Dissecting ,Pregnancy ,Myosin ,medicine ,Humans ,Missense mutation ,Genetic Testing ,hereditary thoracic aortic disease ,Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase ,Settore BIO/10 - BIOCHIMICA ,Aorta ,Genetics (clinical) ,Aged ,Genetic testing ,Genetics ,acute aortic dissection ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Kinase ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,food and beverages ,Heterozygote advantage ,Middle Aged ,Aneurysm ,Pedigree ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,myosin light-chain kinase ,Dissecting - Abstract
Purpose: Heritable thoracic aortic disease can result from null variants in MYLK, which encodes myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK). Data on which MYLKmissense variants are pathogenic and information ...
- Published
- 2019
17. The glucagon like peptide-2 ‘axis’: Capacity for production and response following intestinal resection or repair of gastroschisis in infants
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Viona Lam, Jens J. Holst, Dana Boctor, Elaine de Heuval, Laurie E. Wallace, Mary Brindle, David L. Sigalet, and B. Hartmann
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Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Receptor expression ,Nutritional Status ,Gestational Age ,Enteroendocrine cell ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,IRB Approval ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Intestine, Small ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Digestive System Surgical Procedures ,Gastroschisis ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Glucagon-like peptide-2 ,medicine.disease ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Parenteral nutrition ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,Intestinal resection ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone - Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the enteric hormone glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) production, sensitivity, and intestinal adaptation in infants following resection or repair of gastroschisis.With IRB approval (UCalgary #10656), consent was obtained from families of infants undergoing surgery for prospective monitoring of nutritional status, GLP-2 levels, and where possible, tissue sampling.Infants who adapted and weaned from parenteral nutrition (PN) had increased GLP-2 (86±32) n=24 vs. controls: 45±20 n=10 and vs. patients on prolonged PN: 42±6 pM, n=10). This was maintained to one year: weaned patients: 72±49 vs. non-weaned: 35±15 pM (p0.05). Infants with gastroschisis (n=33) had decreased GLP-2 levels until enteral function was achieved and then became elevated: (21±15 with first feeding vs. 102±60 at full feeds and 60±19 pM at one year). There were no changes in the density or distribution of GLP-2 producing L-cells related to gestational age, nor in the expression of the GLP-2 receptor.GLP-2 levels correlate with intestinal adaptation in infants, and with recovery of intestinal function in gastroschisis. GLP-2 productive capacity (L-cell expression) and GLP-2 receptor expression do not vary with maturity. The findings support a role for GLP-2 in regulating intestinal function. Further study is suggested.
- Published
- 2018
18. PRO23 An Observational Cohort Analysis on the Economic IMPACT of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Fabry Disease
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M. Baker-Wagner, N. Sacks, E. Wallace, and P. Cyr
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Fabry disease ,Medicine ,Observational study ,In patient ,Economic impact analysis ,business ,Kidney disease ,Cohort study - Published
- 2021
19. Perceptions of people with aphasia about supporting reading with text-to-speech technology: A convergent mixed methods study
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Kelly Knollman-Porter, Jessica A. Brown, Karen Hux, and Sarah E. Wallace
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Adult ,Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Speech synthesis ,computer.software_genre ,Article ,050105 experimental psychology ,Session (web analytics) ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speech and Hearing ,Perception ,Reading (process) ,Aphasia ,Selection (linguistics) ,medicine ,Humans ,Speech ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,05 social sciences ,LPN and LVN ,Variety (linguistics) ,Comprehension ,Reading ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,computer - Abstract
Introduction Text-to-speech (TTS) technology is a possible reading support for people with aphasia; however, adoption for functional reading remains rare, and people with aphasia may have limited knowledge about TTS. Given this situation coupled with inherent communication challenges associated with aphasia, the purpose of this convergent mixed methods study was to explore the perceptions of participants about desired features, benefits, and drawbacks of TTS technology after having engaged in one-on-one education and guided practice activities. Methods Nineteen adults with chronic aphasia completed a single education and guided practice session followed by close-ended questions and participation in a semi-structured interview to explain preferences, concerns, beliefs, and opinions about potential TTS technology benefits and drawbacks. Three participants had previously used TTS technology for functional reading; all others had some prior exposure but did not use a system for functional purposes. Results Seventeen of 19 participants expressed TTS technology interest after education and guided practice activities. Participants endorsed selection of a preferred voice, control of speech output rate, and highlighting as priority features. Frequently endorsed benefits were improved comprehension and increased reading independence; some participants believed they would succeed in reading a greater variety of materials, communicate more with others, participate in more reading activities, and/or read faster. The greatest concern was mastering device operation; other concerns related to understanding the voice output, needing another person’s help for system use, and matching the speech output rate to a preferred reading rate. Conclusions Overall, most participants had positive perceptions about possible benefits afforded by TTS technology. Practitioners need to provide opportunities for people with aphasia to learn about and explore TTS systems to determine whether adoption is desired.
- Published
- 2021
20. Comprehension of synthetic speech and digitized natural speech by adults with aphasia
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Jessica A. Brown, Kelly Knollman-Porter, Karen Hux, and Sarah E. Wallace
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Male ,Linguistics and Language ,Speech production ,Speech perception ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Speech recognition ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Intelligibility (communication) ,Speech shadowing ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speech and Hearing ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aphasia ,medicine ,Humans ,Cued speech ,Motor theory of speech perception ,Speech corpus ,Middle Aged ,LPN and LVN ,Linguistics ,Reading ,Computers, Handheld ,Speech Perception ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Comprehension ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Using text-to-speech technology to provide simultaneous written and auditory content presentation may help compensate for chronic reading challenges if people with aphasia can understand synthetic speech output; however, inherent auditory comprehension challenges experienced by people with aphasia may make understanding synthetic speech difficult. This study's purpose was to compare the preferences and auditory comprehension accuracy of people with aphasia when listening to sentences generated with digitized natural speech, Alex synthetic speech (i.e., Macintosh platform), or David synthetic speech (i.e., Windows platform). The methodology required each of 20 participants with aphasia to select one of four images corresponding in meaning to each of 60 sentences comprising three stimulus sets. Results revealed significantly better accuracy given digitized natural speech than either synthetic speech option; however, individual participant performance analyses revealed three patterns: (a) comparable accuracy regardless of speech condition for 30% of participants, (b) comparable accuracy between digitized natural speech and one, but not both, synthetic speech option for 45% of participants, and (c) greater accuracy with digitized natural speech than with either synthetic speech option for remaining participants. Ranking and Likert-scale rating data revealed a preference for digitized natural speech and David synthetic speech over Alex synthetic speech. Results suggest many individuals with aphasia can comprehend synthetic speech options available on popular operating systems. Further examination of synthetic speech use to support reading comprehension through text-to-speech technology is thus warranted.
- Published
- 2017
21. Integrating the little talks intervention into Early Head Start: An experimental examination of implementation supports involving fidelity monitoring and performance feedback
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Thomas J. Power, Lori A. Roggman, Patricia H. Manz, Rachel A. Eisenberg, Laura E. Wallace, Jamie M. Whitenack, Jacqueline Faison, Amanda L. Gernhart, Tamique Ridgard, and Elsevier
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Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,low-income parents and children ,Psychological intervention ,Fidelity ,performance feedback ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Education ,Nursing ,Intervention (counseling) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Intervention implementation ,Medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,media_common ,fidelity monitoring ,Performance feedback ,Medical education ,business.industry ,book sharing intervention ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Early Head Start ,Child development ,home visiting ,business ,0503 education ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Enriching home visiting services by incorporating scientifically-supported interventions is a means for improving their effectiveness in promoting child development. However, deliberate efforts to ensure that home visitors are fully knowledgeable and supported to implement interventions with parents of young children are necessary. In this experimental study, a randomly-assigned group of Early Head Start home visitors monitored the fidelity of their provision of a scientifically-based intervention, Little Talks, and the program's general child development services. On a bi-weekly basis, home visitors received performance feedback specific to their implementation of Little Talks and based upon the fidelity data. Findings demonstrated that home visitors showed immediate and consistent mastery of the Little Talks content, while the quality of their implementation, including their clinical decision-making and collaborative processes, improved to adequate levels over time. The Little Talks home visitors showed generalized improvements in their ability to obtain Parent Input while providing the program's typical child development services were detected. In fact, Little Talks home visitors' were superior in obtaining Parent Input relative to comparison home visitors. Further, parents for whom low-quality intervention implementation was observed discontinued their enrollment in home visiting prematurely, while high-quality implementation was associated with sustained enrollment. Limitations for this study are identified, leading to future directions for advancing home visitors' incorporation of evidence-based practices.
- Published
- 2017
22. Age discrimination: Potential for adverse impact and differential prediction related to age
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Donald M. Truxillo, Lauren E. Wallace, Lisa M. Finkelstein, and Gwenith G. Fisher
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Work motivation ,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Personnel selection ,050109 social psychology ,Cognition ,Developmental psychology ,Disparate impact ,Human resource management ,0502 economics and business ,Workforce ,Life course approach ,Personality ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,050203 business & management ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
The proportion of workers in their 50s, 60s, and 70s is larger than ever before. Current workforce trends indicate global increases in retirement ages and that many individuals are working until later ages than in decades past, and older people are applying for jobs and at later ages. Research to date on age discrimination in selection has focused primarily on disparate treatment or intentional discrimination. However, based on accumulated knowledge about age-related changes in cognitive and physical abilities as well as changes in personality and work motivation across the life course, we suggest that more attention be paid to the possibility of age-based subgroup differences on selection procedures, manifested as adverse impact and differential prediction. We provide recommendations to guide future human resource management research and practice.
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- 2017
23. Ricolinostat plus lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a multicentre phase 1b trial
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Catherine Wheeler, David Tamang, Jeffrey G. Supko, Edward N. Libby, Andrew Yee, Jesus G. Berdeja, Noopur Raje, Robert J Markelewicz, Peter M. Voorhees, Simon S. Jones, Min Yang, Jill N. Burke, Ellen E. Wallace, William I. Bensinger, Nicole Birrer, and Paul G. Richardson
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pharmacology ,Hydroxamic Acids ,Gastroenterology ,Dexamethasone ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Lenalidomide ,Multiple myeloma ,Aged ,business.industry ,Hepatitis C ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Thalidomide ,Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ,Transplantation ,Clinical trial ,Pyrimidines ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pharmacodynamics ,Female ,Multiple Myeloma ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Background Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are an important new class of therapeutics for treating multiple myeloma. Ricolinostat (ACY-1215) is the first oral selective HDAC6 inhibitor with reduced class I HDAC activity to be studied clinically. Motivated by findings from preclinical studies showing potent synergistic activity with ricolinostat and lenalidomide, our goal was to assess the safety and preliminary activity of the combination of ricolinostat with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Methods In this multicentre phase 1b trial, we recruited patients aged 18 years or older with previously treated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma from five cancer centres in the USA. Inclusion criteria included a Karnofsky Performance Status score of at least 70, measureable disease, adequate bone marrow reserve, adequate hepatic function, and a creatinine clearance of at least 50 mL per min. Exclusion criteria included previous exposure to HDAC inhibitors; previous allogeneic stem-cell transplantation; previous autologous stem-cell transplantation within 12 weeks of baseline; active systemic infection; malignancy within the last 5 years; known or suspected HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C infection; a QTc Fridericia of more than 480 ms; and substantial cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, or other medical disorders. We gave escalating doses (from 40–240 mg once daily to 160 mg twice daily) of oral ricolinostat according to a standard 3 + 3 design according to three different regimens on days 1–21 with a conventional 28 day schedule of oral lenalidomide (from 15 mg [in one cohort] to 25 mg [in all other cohorts] once daily) and oral dexamethasone (40 mg weekly). Primary outcomes were dose-limiting toxicities, the maximum tolerated dose of ricolinostat in this combination, and the dose and schedule of ricolinostat recommended for further phase 2 investigation. Secondary outcomes were the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ricolinostat in this combination and the preliminary anti-tumour activity of this treatment. The trial is closed to accrual and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01583283. Findings Between July 12, 2012, and Aug 20, 2015, we enrolled 38 patients. We observed two dose-limiting toxicities with ricolinostat 160 mg twice daily: one (2%) grade 3 syncope and one (2%) grade 3 myalgia event in different cohorts. A maximum tolerated dose was not reached. We chose ricolinostat 160 mg once daily on days 1–21 of a 28 day cycle as the recommended dose for future phase 2 studies in combination with lenalidomide 25 mg and dexamethasone 40 mg. The most common adverse events were fatigue (grade 1–2 in 14 [37%] patients; grade 3 in seven [18%]) and diarrhoea (grade 1–2 in 15 [39%] patients; grade 3 in two [5%]). Our pharmacodynamic studies showed that at clinically relevant doses, ricolinostat selectively inhibits HDAC6 while retaining a low and tolerable level of class I HDAC inhibition. The pharmacokinetics of ricolinostat and lenalidomide were not affected by co-administration. In a preliminary assessment of antitumour activity, 21 (55% [95% CI 38–71]) of 38 patients had an overall response. Interpretation The findings from this study provide preliminary evidence that ricolinostat is a safe and well tolerated selective HDAC6 inhibitor, which might partner well with lenalidomide and dexamethasone to enhance their efficacy in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Funding Acetylon Pharmaceuticals.
- Published
- 2016
24. Molecular, biochemical and behavioural evidence for a novel oxytocin receptor and serotonin 2C receptor heterocomplex
- Author
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Shauna E. Wallace Fitzsimons, Panagiota Stamou, John F. Cryan, David A. Slattery, Barbara Chruścicka, Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela, Caitlin S. M. Cowan, Kjell Fuxe, Clementine Druelle, Timothy G. Dinan, Harriët Schellekens, and Cristian A. Bergmann
- Subjects
Male ,Developmental-hyperserotonemia ,0301 basic medicine ,Serotonin ,Intranasal oxytocin ,Agonist ,Activation ,Neuropeptide ,Ligand ,Proximity ligation assay ,Neurotransmission ,Oxytocin ,Vasopressin V1a ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Administered oxytocin ,Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptor ,5-HT2C receptor ,Pharmacology ,Trafficking ,Chemistry ,Brain ,Receptor Cross-Talk ,Oxytocin receptor ,Social cognition ,Rats ,Cell biology ,Protein Transport ,Crosstalk (biology) ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,Receptors, Oxytocin ,Behavior Rating Scale ,Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists ,GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The complexity of oxytocin-mediated functions is strongly associated with its modulatory effects on other neurotransmission systems, including the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system. Signalling between oxytocin (OT) and 5-HT has been demonstrated during neurodevelopment and in the regulation of specific emotion-based behaviours. It is suggested that crosstalk between neurotransmitters is driven by interaction between their specific receptors, particularly the oxytocin receptor (OTR) and the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor (5-HTR2C), but evidence for this and the downstream signalling consequences that follow are lacking. Considering the overlapping central expression profiles and shared involvement of OTR and 5-HTR2C in certain endocrine functions and behaviours, including eating behaviour, social interaction and locomotor activity, we investigated the existence of functionally active OTR/5-HTR2C heterocomplexes. Here, we demonstrate evidence for a potential physical interaction between OTR and 5-HTR2C in vitro in a cellular expression system using flow cytometry-based FRET (fcFRET). We could recapitulate this finding under endogenous expression levels of both receptors via in silico analysis of single cell transcriptomic data and ex vivo proximity ligation assay (PLA). Next, we show that co-expression of the OTR/5-HTR2C pair resulted in a significant depletion of OTR-mediated G alpha q-signalling and significant changes in receptor trafficking. Of note, attenuation of OTR-mediated downstream signalling was restored following pharmacological blockade of the 5-HTR2C. Finally, we demonstrated a functional relevance of this novel heterocomplex, in vivo, as 5-HTR2C antagonism increased OT-mediated hypoactivity in mice. Overall, we provide compelling evidence for the formation of functionally active OTR/5-HTR2C heterocomplexes, adding another level of complexity to OTR and 5-HTR2C signalling functionality.This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
- Published
- 2021
25. Creating Home Practice Programs for Persons with Aphasia: A Survey of Speech Language Pathologists
- Author
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Sarah E. Wallace, Qianwen Liu, Mia Famularo, and Elena V. Donoso Brown
- Subjects
Medical education ,Aphasia ,Rehabilitation ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Published
- 2020
26. Use of Population-based Data to Demonstrate How Waitlist-based Metrics Overestimate Geographic Disparities in Access to Liver Transplant Care
- Author
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Scott D. Halpern, Anna E. Wallace, Gurvaneet Sahota, Benjamin French, David S. Goldberg, and James D. Lewis
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tissue and Organ Procurement ,Waiting Lists ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Datasets as Topic ,030230 surgery ,Liver transplantation ,Health Services Accessibility ,End Stage Liver Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,International Classification of Diseases ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Healthcare Disparities ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,Transplantation ,education.field_of_study ,Geography ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Liver Transplantation ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Medicaid ,Follow-Up Studies ,Demography - Abstract
Liver allocation policies are evaluated by how they impact waitlisted patients, without considering broader outcomes for all patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) not on the waitlist. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using two nationally representative databases: HealthCore (2006-2014) and five-state Medicaid (California, Florida, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania; 2002-2009). United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) linkages enabled ascertainment of waitlist- and transplant-related outcomes. We included patients aged 18-75 with ESLD (decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma) using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9)-based algorithms. Among 16 824 ESLD HealthCore patients, 3-year incidences of waitlisting and transplantation were 15.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] : 15.0-16.6%) and 8.1% (7.5-8.8%), respectively. Among 67 706 ESLD Medicaid patients, 3-year incidences of waitlisting and transplantation were 10.0% (9.7-10.4%) and 6.7% (6.5-7.0%), respectively. In HealthCore, the absolute ranges in states' waitlist mortality and transplant rates were larger than corresponding ranges among all ESLD patients (waitlist mortality: 13.6-38.5%, ESLD 3-year mortality: 48.9-62.0%; waitlist transplant rates: 36.3-72.7%, ESLD transplant rates: 4.8-13.4%). States' waitlist mortality and ESLD population mortality were not positively correlated: ρ = -0.06, p-value = 0.83 (HealthCore); ρ = -0.87, p-value = 0.05 (Medicaid). Waitlist and ESLD transplant rates were weakly positively correlated in Medicaid (ρ = 0.36, p-value = 0.55) but were positively correlated in HealthCore (ρ = 0.73, p-value = 0.001). Compared to population-based metrics, waitlist-based metrics overestimate geographic disparities in access to liver transplantation.
- Published
- 2016
27. Long-distance translocations to create a second millerbird population and reduce extinction risk
- Author
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Chris Farmer, Charles R. Kohley, Holly B. Freifeld, Sheila Conant, Sheldon Plentovich, Daniel Tsukayama, Peter Luscomb, Mark A. MacDonald, Thierry M. Work, and George E. Wallace
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Population ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Critically endangered ,Acrocephalus familiaris ,Threatened species ,Assisted colonization ,Acrocephalus ,Nihoa millerbird ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Translocation is a conservation tool used with increasing frequency to create additional populations of threatened species. In addition to following established general guidelines for translocations, detailed planning to account for unique circumstances and intensive post-release monitoring to document outcomes and guide management are essential components of these projects. Recent translocation of the critically endangered Nihoa millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) provides an example of this planning and monitoring. The Nihoa millerbird is a passerine bird endemic to Nihoa Island in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The closely related, ecologically similar Laysan millerbird (Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris) went extinct on Laysan Island in the early 20th century when the island was denuded by introduced rabbits. To reduce extinction risk, we translocated 50 adult Nihoa millerbirds more than 1000 km by sea to Laysan, which has recovered substantially in the past century and has ample habitat and a rich prey-base for millerbirds. Following five years of intensive background research and planning, including development of husbandry techniques, fundraising, and regulatory compliance, translocations occurred in 2011 and 2012. Of 11 females in each cohort, 8 (2011 cohort) and 11 (2012 cohort) produced at least one brood of fledglings during their first year on Laysan. At the conclusion of monitoring in September 2014, 37 of the translocated birds were known to survive, and the population was estimated at 164 birds. The reintroduction of millerbirds to Laysan represents a milestone in the island's ongoing restoration.
- Published
- 2016
28. Increased Distance to a Liver Transplant Center Is Associated With Higher Mortality for Patients With Chronic Liver Failure
- Author
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James D. Lewis, Craig Newcomb, Anna E. Wallace, David S. Goldberg, Scott D. Halpern, Richard Gilroy, and Gurvaneet Sahota
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waiting Lists ,Gastroenterology ,Health Services Accessibility ,Article ,End Stage Liver Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Text mining ,Internal medicine ,Chronic liver failure ,Humans ,Medicine ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Liver Transplantation ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business - Published
- 2017
29. Predictors of Increase in Calorie Provision in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients While on a Ketogenic Diet During Withdrawal
- Author
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Corinde E. Wiers, E. Wallace, E. Simon, B. Kealey, S. Yang, Gene-Jack Wang, K. Zambell, Nora D. Volkow, D. Thomopoulos, and Sara A. Turner
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Calorie ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Alcohol use disorder ,medicine.disease ,business ,Food Science ,Ketogenic diet - Published
- 2020
30. Where does moral conviction fit?: A factor analytic approach examining antecedents to attitude strength
- Author
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Laura E. Wallace, Duane T. Wegener, and Aviva Philipp-Muller
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Embeddedness ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Cognition ,Certainty ,Ambivalence ,050105 experimental psychology ,law.invention ,Consistency (negotiation) ,law ,CLARITY ,Conviction ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Set (psychology) ,Social psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Research and theory has suggested that moral conviction is distinct from other attitude strength antecedents. Yet, many attitude features conceptually overlap with features considered definitional to moral conviction. In order to place moral conviction within the broader landscape of attitude properties, we examined the factor analytic structure of a set of attitude strength antecedents that seemed conceptually related to moral basis. Participants reported attitudes toward the topic of GMOs (Study 1) or toward a topic they identified as important to them (Studies 2–6) and various subjective properties of their attitudes. We also examined the ability of each attitude feature to predict advocacy intentions (Studies 3–6). In Studies 1–3, exploratory factor analyses revealed that the various strength antecedents reflected a two-factor structure that differentiated properties relating to an attitude's embeddedness in one's core values from properties reflecting a consistency or entrenchment in an attitude. In Studies 4–6, confirmatory factor analyses determined that, in addition to the over-arching two-factor structure, including “minor factors” reflecting each attitude property further improved model fit. We therefore propose a hybrid model, wherein the various attitude properties form an over-arching two-factor structure in which each major factor includes additional “minor” constructs. Across studies, moral basis loaded highly on an embeddedness factor along with values basis (all studies), importance (Studies 4–6), affective and cognitive meta-bases (Studies 5–6), centrality, and extremity (Study 6). The consistency factor was composed of subjective ambivalence (all studies), correctness, clarity (Studies 1–4), attitude-relevant knowledge (Studies 4–6), and certainty (Studies 5–6). Embeddedness and consistency (as latent variables) each independently predicted advocacy intentions. These findings provide insight into how moral basis relates to a broad set of attitude features and has implications for how future work might define moral conviction.
- Published
- 2020
31. Supporting Adherence to Rehabilitation Home Programs for Persons Post-stroke: A Scoping Review
- Author
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Jeanne M. Hoffman, Joanna Eskander, Sarah E. Wallace, David A. Nolfi, and Elena V. Donoso Brown
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Post stroke ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,business - Published
- 2019
32. An emerging role for immune regulatory subsets in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- Author
-
George Kannourakis, Stuart P. Berzins, Morgan E. Wallace, Yosuke Minoda, and Marice B. Alcantara
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,MHC class II ,Lymphocyte ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,Natural killer T cell ,Acquired immune system ,Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cytokine ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Antibody ,CD80 - Abstract
The last few years has seen the burgeoning of a new category of therapeutics for cancer targeting immune regulatory pathways. Antibodies that block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction are perhaps the most prominent of these new anti-cancer therapies, but several other inhibitory receptor ligand interactions have also shown promise as targets in clinical trials, including CTLA-4/CD80 and Lag-3/MHC class II. Related to this is a rapidly improving knowledge of ‘regulatory’ lymphocyte lineages, including NKT cells, MAIT cells, B regulatory cells and others. These cells have potent cytokine responses that can influence the functioning of other immune cells and many researchers believe that they could be effective targets for therapies designed to enhance immune responses to cancer. This review will outline our current understanding of FOXP3 + ‘Tregs’, NKT cells, MAIT cells and B regulatory cells immune regulatory cell populations in cancer, with a particular focus on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We will discuss evidence linking CLL with immune regulatory dysfunction and the potential for new therapies targeting regulatory cells.
- Published
- 2015
33. Stochastic regression modeling of chemical spectra
- Author
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Yutheeka Gadhyan, Anthony J. Kearsley, and William E. Wallace
- Subjects
Noise (signal processing) ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Feature extraction ,Nonparametric statistics ,Regression analysis ,Sample (graphics) ,Signal ,Spectral line ,Computer Science Applications ,Analytical Chemistry ,Stochastic differential equation ,Statistics ,Biological system ,Spectroscopy ,Software ,Mathematics - Abstract
A stochastic regression model is presented that separates signal from noise in chemical spectra. Spectra are decomposed into additive contributions from signal and from estimated noise. Numerical results on sample spectra are presented and suggest that this strategy offers an effective and computationally efficient framework for comprehensive noise estimation and analysis. From this analysis more effective methods of feature extraction in chemical spectra can be created.
- Published
- 2014
34. Pairwise alignment of chromatograms using an extended Fisher–Rao metric
- Author
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Kelly H. Telu, Anuj Srivastava, Yamil Simón-Manso, and William E. Wallace
- Subjects
Chromatography ,business.industry ,Elution ,Chemistry ,Computation ,Statistics as Topic ,Pattern recognition ,Derivative ,Mass spectrometry ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Dynamic programming ,Metric (mathematics) ,Pairwise alignment ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,NIST ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Algorithms ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
A conceptually new approach for aligning chromatograms is introduced and applied to examples of metabolite identification in human blood plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A square-root representation of the chromatogram's derivative coupled with an extended Fisher-Rao metric enables the computation of relative differences between chromatograms. Minimization of these differences using a common dynamic programming algorithm brings the chromatograms into alignment. Application to a complex sample, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material 1950, Metabolites in Human Plasma, analyzed by two different LC-MS methods having significantly different ranges of elution time is described.
- Published
- 2014
35. A novel missense mutation in POMT1 modulates the severe congenital muscular dystrophy phenotype associated with POMT1 nonsense mutations
- Author
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Thomas L. Winder, Jamie M. Eskuri, Jessie H. Conta, Kathleen Patterson, Stephanie E Wallace, Kevin P. Campbell, Steven A. Moore, Richard H. Haas, Tobias Willer, and Sidney M. Gospe
- Subjects
Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,Adolescent ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Nonsense mutation ,Mutation, Missense ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Compound heterozygosity ,Mannosyltransferases ,Severity of Illness Index ,Article ,Muscular Dystrophies ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Humans ,Missense mutation ,Muscular dystrophy ,Child ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Walker–Warburg syndrome ,Cells, Cultured ,Genetics (clinical) ,Genetics ,Mutation ,Siblings ,fungi ,Brain ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Phenotype ,Neurology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Congenital muscular dystrophy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy - Abstract
Mutations in POMT1 lead to a group of neuromuscular conditions ranging in severity from Walker-Warburg syndrome to limb girdle muscular dystrophy. We report two male siblings, ages 19 and 14, and an unrelated 6-year old female with early onset muscular dystrophy and intellectual disability with minimal structural brain anomalies and no ocular abnormalities. Compound heterozygous mutations in POMT1 were identified including a previously reported nonsense mutation (c.2167dupG; p.Asp723Glyfs*8) associated with Walker-Warburg syndrome and a novel missense mutation in a highly conserved region of the protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 protein (c.1958C>T; p.Pro653Leu). This novel variant reduces the phenotypic severity compared to patients with homozygous c.2167dupG mutations or compound heterozygous patients with a c.2167dupG mutation and a wide range of other mutant POMT1 alleles.
- Published
- 2014
36. IFPA Meeting 2013 Workshop Report III: Maternal placental immunological interactions, novel determinants of trophoblast cell fate, dual ex vivo perfusion of the human placenta
- Author
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Caroline Pehrson, Mana M. Parast, Andrea Jurisicova, Paul Brownbill, Michelle Letarte, C. Castillo, Henning Schneider, Stefan R. Hansson, Susannah Varmuza, Dionne Tannetta, D.A. Rappolee, Lawrence W. Chamley, Sarah Jones, Christian Wadsack, M. H. Abumaree, Sylvie Girard, Sascha Drewlo, Gendie E. Lash, A E Wallace, Rohan M. Lewis, Cristian Zenerino, B.A. Croy, Caroline Dunk, and Graham J. Burton
- Subjects
education ,Placental tissue ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Placental cell ,Human placenta ,Trophoblast cell ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,Dual perfusion ,Reproductive Medicine ,Immunology ,Ex vivo perfusion ,Cell turnover ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialised topics. At IFPA meeting 2013 there were twelve themed workshops, three of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of placental function, cell turnover and immunology: 1) immunology; 2) novel determinants of placental cell fate; 3) dual perfusion of human placental tissue.
- Published
- 2014
37. Decidual Natural Killer Cell Interactions with Trophoblasts Are Impaired in Pregnancies at Increased Risk of Preeclampsia
- Author
-
Alison E. Wallace, Judith E. Cartwright, Guy Whitley, and Amanda J Host
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,Cell ,Pregnancy Proteins ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Natural killer cell ,Preeclampsia ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pre-Eclampsia ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Decidua ,medicine ,Humans ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,030304 developmental biology ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ,0303 health sciences ,Fetus ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Chemotaxis ,Placentation ,Trophoblast ,Regular Article ,medicine.disease ,Trophoblasts ,Killer Cells, Natural ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,embryonic structures ,Female ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - Abstract
Transformation of the uterine spiral arteries (SAs) during pregnancy is critical to support the developing fetus, and is impaired in some pregnancy disorders, including preeclampsia. Decidual natural killer (dNK) cells play a role in SA remodeling, although their interactions with fetal trophoblast remain unclear. A uterine artery Doppler resistance index (RI) in the first trimester of pregnancy can be used as a proxy measure of the extent of SA remodeling; we have used this technique to characterize dNK cells from pregnancies with normal (normal RI) and impaired (high RI) SA remodeling, which display least and highest risk of developing preeclampsia, respectively. We examined the impact of dNK cell secreted factors on trophoblast motility, chemoattraction, and signaling pathways to determine the contribution of dNK cells to SA transformation. We demonstrated that the chemoattraction of the trophoblast by dNK cells is impaired in pregnancies with high RI, as is the ability to induce trophoblast outgrowth from placental villous explants. These processes are dependent on activation of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–Akt signaling pathways, which were altered in trophoblasts incubated with secreted factors from dNK cells from high RI pregnancies. Therefore, by characterizing pregnancies using uterine artery Doppler RI before dNK cell isolation, we have identified that impaired dNK-trophoblast interactions may lead to poor placentation. These findings have implications for pregnancy pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia.
- Published
- 2013
38. IFPA Meeting 2011 workshop report II: Angiogenic signaling and regulation of fetal endothelial function; placental and fetal circulation and growth; spiral artery remodeling
- Author
-
Julia König, Francisco Westermeier, Ian P. Crocker, Guttorm Haugen, Judith N. Bulmer, Michelle Desforges, Robert Pijnenborg, Liana S. Leach, Ursula Hiden, Tiziana Cotechini, A. E. Wallace, Silvija Cvitic, Gendie E. Lash, Jianhong Zhang, R. Deshpande, B.A. Croy, O. N. Sadekova, Graham J. Burton, Natalia Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, Carolyn M. Salafia, Jerzy Stanek, Torvid Kiserud, Padma Murthi, Sally Collins, Malgorzata Gasperowicz, Arne Høst, Marie Jirkovská, and Tanja Groten
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Fetus ,Pathology ,Spiral artery ,Placental Circulation ,business.industry ,education ,Vascular biology ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Placentation ,Trophoblast ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Fetal circulation ,Reproductive Medicine ,Placenta ,Internal medicine ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2011 there were twelve themed workshops, three of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to vascular systems and circulation in the mother, placenta and fetus, and were divided in to 1) angiogenic signaling and regulation of fetal endothelial function; 2) placental and fetal circulation and growth; 3) spiral artery remodeling.
- Published
- 2012
39. 4.47 Patient Characteristics and Patterns of Care Prior to Schizophrenia Diagnosis in a Large Commercially-Insured Population of Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States
- Author
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Mayura Shinde, Whitney York, Michael Sand, Keith E. Isenberg, John Barron, Matthew Sidovar, Anna E. Wallace, and Jessica Franchino-Elder
- Subjects
Patterns of care ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Population ,Patient characteristics ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Young adult ,Psychiatry ,education ,business - Published
- 2017
40. Estimating the species tree for Hawaiian Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from multiple loci in the presence of reticulate evolution
- Author
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Lisa E. Wallace, Stephen G. Weller, Warren L. Wagner, Ann K. Sakai, Ann Willyard, and Molly Nepokroeff
- Subjects
Models, Genetic ,Range (biology) ,Ecology ,Genetic Variation ,Introgression ,Caryophyllaceae ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Reticulate evolution ,Coalescent theory ,Monophyly ,Genetic Loci ,Genus ,Evolutionary biology ,Adaptive radiation ,Genetics ,Cluster Analysis ,Schiedea ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) is a monophyletic genus of 34 species, all endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, that arose from a single colonization, providing one of the best examples of adaptive radiation in Hawai'i. Species utilize a range of habitats and exhibit a variety of growth forms and transitions in breeding systems from hermaphroditism toward dimorphism or autogamy. Our study included the most thorough sampling to date: 2-5 individuals per species and 4 independent genetic partitions: eight plastid and three low-copy nuclear loci (9217bps), allowing a three-locus BEST species tree. Despite incomplete resolution at the tips, our results support monophyly for each extant species. Gene trees revealed several clear cases of cytonuclear incongruence, likely created by interspecific introgression. Conflict occurs at the divergence of section Alphaschiedea as well as at the tips. Ages inferred from a BEAST analysis allow an original colonization onto either Nihoa or Kauaì and inform some aspects of inter-island migrations. We suggest that several hard polytomies on the species tree are biologically realistic, signifying either nearly simultaneous speciation or historical introgressive hybridization. Based on inferred node ages that exceed expected coalescent times, we propose that undetected nuclear introgression may play a larger role than incomplete lineage sorting in sections Schiedea and Mononeura.
- Published
- 2011
41. Chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 20 is regulated by PGF2α-F-prostanoid receptor signalling in endometrial adenocarcinoma and promotes cell proliferation
- Author
-
Richard A. Anderson, Rob D. Catalano, Alison E. Wallace, and Henry N. Jabbour
- Subjects
Receptors, CCR6 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemokine ,Receptors, Prostaglandin ,Intracellular Space ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,C-C chemokine receptor type 7 ,C-C chemokine receptor type 6 ,Adenocarcinoma ,Biology ,Dinoprost ,Models, Biological ,Biochemistry ,Endocrinology ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Enzyme-linked receptor ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Receptor ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,Chemokine CCL20 ,hemic and immune systems ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,CCL20 ,Protein Transport ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Female ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Prostaglandin F(2α) (PGF(2α)) is an inflammatory mediator which signals through a G-protein coupled receptor, the F-prostanoid (FP) receptor. We have previously shown elevated FP receptor expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma, a common gynaecological malignancy in Western countries. In this study, the expression of the chemokine CC motif Ligand 20 (CCL20) was determined to be regulated by PGF(2α)-FP receptor signalling in endometrial adenocarcinoma explants and cell line, and expression of CCL20 and its receptor CCR6 was elevated in endometrial adenocarcinoma compared to non-malignant endometrium. Both CCL20 and CCR6 were localised to neoplastic endometrial epithelial cells. The induction of CCL20 expression by PGF(2α)-FP signalling in an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line stably expressing the FP receptor (FPS cells) was found to be dependent on the intracellular signalling of Gq, EGFR, ERK, calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) proteins. The treatment of FPS cells with recombinant CCL20 caused a significant increase in proliferation. Therefore these data demonstrate a role for the FP receptor in regulation of the chemokine CCL20, which can mediate proliferation of endometrial adenocarcinoma epithelial cells.
- Published
- 2011
42. Supporting Participation in Exercise Programs for Individuals With Aphasia: Outcomes and Future Directions
- Author
-
Adrianna Redford, Sarah E. Wallace, Elena V. Donoso Brown, Saori Braun, and Tom Sather
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Aphasia ,Rehabilitation ,medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Published
- 2018
43. Recurrent 200-kb deletions of 16p11.2 that include the SH2B1 gene are associated with developmental delay and obesity
- Author
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Patricia I. Bader, Pamela J. Reitnauer, Karen D. Tsuchiya, Anne V. Hing, Blake C. Ballif, Ingo Helbig, Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu, Evan E. Eichler, David W. Stockton, Heather C Mefford, Hiltrud Muhle, Rosemarie Smith, Aline Hamati, Gwen M. Glew, Stephanie E Wallace, Charles A. Cowan, and Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Subjects
DNA Copy Number Variations ,Developmental Disabilities ,Gene Dosage ,Genome-wide association study ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,Gene dosage ,Body Mass Index ,Segmental Duplications, Genomic ,Chromosome 16 ,SH2B1 ,Intellectual Disability ,Gene duplication ,Humans ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Obesity ,Genetics (clinical) ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Sequence Deletion ,Segmental duplication ,Comparative Genomic Hybridization ,Haplotype ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Phenotype ,Child, Preschool ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Comparative genomic hybridization - Abstract
Purpose: The short arm of chromosome 16 is rich in segmental duplications, predisposing this region of the genome to a number of recurrent rearrangements. Genomic imbalances of an approximately 600-kb region in 16p11.2 (29.5–30.1 Mb) have been associated with autism, intellectual disability, congenital anomalies, and schizophrenia. However, a separate, distal 200-kb region in 16p11.2 (28.7–28.9 Mb) that includes the SH2B1 gene has been recently associated with isolated obesity. The purpose of this study was to better define the phenotype of this recurrent SH2B1-containing microdeletion in a cohort of phenotypically abnormal patients not selected for obesity. Methods: Array comparative hybridization was performed on a total of 23,084 patients in a clinical setting for a variety of indications, most commonly developmental delay. Results: Deletions of the SH2B1-containing region were identified in 31 patients. The deletion is enriched in the patient population when compared with controls (P = 0.003), with both inherited and de novo events. Detailed clinical information was available for six patients, who all had developmental delays of varying severity. Body mass index was ≥95th percentile in four of six patients, supporting the previously described association with obesity. The reciprocal duplication, found in 17 patients, does not seem to be significantly enriched in our patient population compared with controls. Conclusions: Deletions of the 16p11.2 SH2B1-containing region are pathogenic and are associated with developmental delay in addition to obesity.
- Published
- 2010
44. F214. Health Care Resource Utilization is Higher in Patients Prior to Diagnosis With Schizophrenia Than Non-Schizophrenia Comparators in a Large Commercially Insured Population in the United States
- Author
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Michael Sand, Anna E. Wallace, Mayura Shinde, Jessica Franchino-Elder, Keith E. Isenberg, John Barren, Matt Sidovar, and Whitney York
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,Health care ,Population ,medicine ,In patient ,business ,Psychiatry ,education ,Biological Psychiatry ,Resource utilization - Published
- 2018
45. Reactive MALDI mass spectrometry of saturated hydrocarbons: A theoretical study
- Author
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Hans Lewandowski, Robert J. Meier, and William E. Wallace
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Binding energy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cyclopentadienyl complex ,chemistry ,Alkadiene ,Computational chemistry ,Hapticity ,Cobaltocene ,Physical chemistry ,Density functional theory ,Singlet state ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy ,Cis–trans isomerism - Abstract
Recently it has been shown that the cobaltocenium cation, prepared by the laser ablation of a CoCp(CO) 2 /fullerene matrix, may react with alkanes and polyethylenes in the gas phase via a dehydrogenation reaction to produce [Co(Cp) 2 (alkadiene)] + ions without chain scission (W.E. Wallace, Chem. Commun. 2007, 4525–4527). To better understand these experimental observations, density functional calculations were used to obtain the gas phase binding energies and molecular structures of cobaltocenium, Co(Cp) 2 + , with 1,3-butadiene, 2,4-hexadiene, and 2,3-hexadiene. Calculations were conducted for both cis and trans molecular configurations, in both singlet and triplet electronic states, and with a variety of cyclopentadienyl hapticities. For 1,3-butadiene the 18-electron rule would predict a [Co(η 3 -Cp) 2 (η 4 -1,3-butadiene)] + , however, the lowest energy structure, [Co(η 5 -Cp) 2 (1,3-butadiene)] + , has a higher than expected cyclopentadienyl hapticity. In this structure a distance of nearly 0.5 nm between the metal core and the butadiene ligand leads to very little electron sharing. Thus the detected ions are better described as non-covalent ion–molecule complexes. In turn, the lack of orbital overlap leads to a low enthalpy giving the cis -butadiene complex a −13.0 kJ/mol binding energy and the trans -butadiene binding a −3.8 kJ/mol binding energy. These low binding energies lead to low levels of charged alkanes in the reactive ion formation process in agreement with experimental observations.
- Published
- 2010
46. Nutritional effects of the serial transverse enteroplasty procedure in experimental short bowel syndrome
- Author
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Jens J. Holst, David L. Sigalet, Hiroaki Tanaka, Tatsuru Kaji, Dragan Kravarusic, and Laurie E. Wallace
- Subjects
Short Bowel Syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Serial transverse enteroplasty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Apoptosis ,Weight Gain ,Gastroenterology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Jejunum ,Random Allocation ,Internal medicine ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ,Receptors, Glucagon ,medicine ,Animals ,Ascending colon ,RNA, Messenger ,Digestive System Surgical Procedures ,business.industry ,Anastomosis, Surgical ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,General Medicine ,Bowel resection ,Postprandial Period ,Short bowel syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Postprandial ,Intestinal Absorption ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain ,Hormone - Abstract
Background/Purpose The serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) procedure appears beneficial clinically, but the mechanism(s) underlying these effects remains unclear. The present study evaluated the nutritional, hormonal, and morphologic effects of the STEP procedure in a rodent model of short bowel syndrome. Methods With institutional animal care ethics approval, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent an 80% distal bowel resection, anastomosing the 30 cm remnant of jejunum to the ascending colon; at day 14, animals were randomly assigned to control or a STEP procedure (n = 8/group). Animals were pair-fed with normal chow; after a further 3 weeks, intestinal transit, hormonal and metabolic balance studies were done, and intestinal tissues were taken for analysis. Results The STEP group had increased weight gain (resected: −0.34% ± 2.9% vs STEP: 2.5% ± 1.5%), increased bowel length (34.1 ± 1.5 vs 36.9 ± 2.2 cm), increased jejunal villus height (555 ± 59 vs 635 ± 65 μ m), decreased rates of crypt cell apoptosis, increased expression of mRNA for the GLP-2 receptor, and increased postprandial production of glucagon-like peptide 2 (45 ± 14 vs 65 ± 12 pmol/L) ( P t test). There were no differences in intestinal transit; absorption of total calories, protein, fat, or carbohydrate; crypt cell proliferation rates; or the expression of intestinal transporter proteins (SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-5). Conclusions The STEP procedure improves weight gain and augments gross and microscopic intestinal morphology in severe experimental short bowel syndrome. Postprandial GLP-2 levels are increased, as is the expression of the GLP-2 receptor; these mechanisms may contribute to these metabolic effects and may be useful in guiding the use of the STEP procedure clinically.
- Published
- 2009
47. Osteoclast Inhibitory Lectin, an Immune Cell Product That Is Required for Normal Bone Physiology in Vivo
- Author
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Vicky Kartsogiannis, Emma C. Walker, Matthew T. Gillespie, Mark J. Smyth, Morgan E. Wallace, Chi Ly, Hasnawati Saleh, Hong Zhou, Natalie A. Sims, Ingrid J Poulton, Mirijana Cipetic, T. John Martin, Kong Wah Ng, Narelle E. McGregor, and J.M.W. Quinn
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Osteoimmunology ,Osteoclasts ,Parathyroid hormone ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Bone resorption ,Natural killer cell ,Mice ,Molecular Basis of Cell and Developmental Biology ,Osteogenesis ,Osteoclast ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Lectins, C-Type ,Bone Resorption ,Molecular Biology ,Mice, Knockout ,Tibia ,Wild type ,Membrane Proteins ,Organ Size ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Osteopenia ,Bone Diseases, Metabolic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Calcium ,Female ,Bone marrow - Abstract
Osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL or clrb) is a member of the natural killer cell C-type lectins that have a described role mostly in autoimmune cell function. OCIL was originally identified as an osteoblast-derived inhibitor of osteoclast formation in vitro. To determine the physiological function(s) of OCIL, we generated ocil-/- mice. These mice appeared healthy and were fertile, with no apparent immune function defect, and phenotypic abnormalities were limited to bone. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly lower tibial trabecular bone volume and trabecular number in the 10- and 16-week-old male ocil-/- mice compared with wild type mice. Furthermore, ocil-/- mice showed reduced bone formation rate in the 10-week-old females and 16-week-old males while Static markers of bone formation showed no significant changes in male or female ocil-/- mice. Examination of bone resorption markers in the long bones of ocil-/- mice indicated a transient increase in osteoclast number per unit bone perimeter. Enhanced osteoclast formation was also observed when either bone marrow or splenic cultures were generated in vitro from ocil-/- mice relative to wild type control cultures. Loss of ocil therefore resulted in osteopenia in adult mice primarily as a result of increased osteoclast formation and/or decreased bone formation. The enhanced osteoclastic activity led to elevated serum calcium levels, which resulted in the suppression of circulating parathyroid hormone in 10-week-old ocil-/- mice compared with wild type control mice. Collectively, our data suggest that OCIL is a physiological negative regulator of bone.
- Published
- 2008
48. The effects of variations in dose and method of administration on glucagon like peptide-2 activity in the rat
- Author
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David L. Sigalet, Heather Redstone, Jens J. Holst, Laurie E. Wallace, Hiroaki Tanaka, Tatsuru Kaji, and Elaine de Heuval
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adult male ,Continuous infusion ,Trophic hormone ,Crypt ,Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ,Apoptosis ,Mucosal atrophy ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 ,Internal medicine ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 ,medicine ,Animals ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Cell Proliferation ,Pharmacology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Rodent model ,Glucagon-like peptide-2 ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Parenteral nutrition ,Parenteral Nutrition, Total ,Atrophy - Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a potent, intestinal-specific trophic hormone. However, the relationship between the dose and timing of GLP-2 administration and these trophic effects is not clear. We investigated the effects of variations in the dose and timing of GLP-2 administration on its intestinal trophic activity. A rodent model of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) mucosal atrophy was used, examining intestinal morphology in the adult male rat after 5 days. Groups were: controls, maintained with TPN alone and GLP-2 treated groups (high dose; 240 microg/kg/day, low dose; 24 microg/kg/day) given by continuous or intermittent (over 1 h, twice daily) intravenous infusion. Body weight and total small bowel length were significantly increased in the high dose, continuous infusion group. Both high dose infusion methods increased total small bowel weight, villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosal surface area. Both high dose infusion and low dose intermittent infusion routes increased crypt cell proliferation (P0.05 for all comparisons). Both high dose routes gave nearly equivalent exposures; low dose continuous infusion gave higher exposure but intermittent low dose infusion resulted in an increase in crypt proliferation; neither low dose method resulted in morphologic changes. There were no differences in transporter protein expression or apoptosis rates. High dose continuous infusion appears to maximally induce intestinal growth, and also increases weight gain, while high dose GLP-2 intermittent infusion results in similar morphologic effects. A threshold level for the induction of proliferative and morphologic effects was seen in the low dose groups. These observations may be relevant for planning therapeutic trials.
- Published
- 2008
49. Amygdaloid kindling is anxiogenic but fails to alter object recognition or spatial working memory in rats
- Author
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Michael E. Corcoran, Amy E. Wallace, Darren K. Hannesson, Paul Mohapel, Michael S Pollock, and John G. Howland
- Subjects
Male ,Hippocampus ,Anxiety ,Biology ,Hippocampal formation ,Spatial memory ,Temporal lobe ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Perirhinal cortex ,Kindling, Neurologic ,Reaction Time ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Long-Evans ,Maze Learning ,Behavior, Animal ,Kindling ,Amygdala ,Electric Stimulation ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Memory, Short-Term ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Neurology ,Anxiogenic ,Space Perception ,Exploratory Behavior ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuroscience ,Basolateral amygdala - Abstract
Kindling in rats produces enduring behavioral changes that parallel the psychobehavioral disturbances frequently accompanying temporal lobe epilepsy. Some evidence suggests that the site of kindling is an important determinant of the type of behavioral changes observed following kindling, although this variable has not been systematically investigated. In the present experiments, the effects of amygdaloid kindling were assessed on a battery of behavioral tests we used previously to assess the effects of kindling in dorsal hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. Three generalized seizures were kindled with stimulation in or near the basolateral amygdala. One week later, rats were tested successively on measures of anxiety, activity, object recognition memory, and spatial working memory over a period of 3 weeks. Amygdaloid kindling produced increased anxiety, but spared all other behaviors assessed. This pattern of results is partially distinct from the previously described effects of perirhinal cortical kindling, which increases anxiety but also impairs object recognition memory, and is completely distinct from dorsal hippocampal kindling, which selectively increases activity and impairs spatial working memory. The observations suggest that kindling of distinct highly interconnected temporal lobe sites produces distinct patterns of behavioral comorbidity. The underlying mechanisms are thus most likely localized to intrinsic circuits at the site of seizure origination.
- Published
- 2008
50. Parenthood and productivity: A study of demands, resources and family-friendly firms
- Author
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Marisa Young and Jean E. Wallace
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Labour economics ,Work (electrical) ,Work–family conflict ,Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Psychology ,Family-friendly ,Productivity ,Applied Psychology ,Education - Abstract
We examine how the presence of children is related to women’s and men’s productivity. We hypothesize family demands, family resources, and family-friendly workplaces are also related to productivity. Productivity for 670 Alberta law firm lawyers is analyzed using a standardized measure of productivity referred to as billable hours. The results suggest that mothers with school-aged children are less productive than non-mothers, whereas fathers with preschool-aged children are more productive than non-fathers. While time spent on household and childcare tasks significantly reduces women’s productivity, we find little support for the benefits of family resources or working in a family-friendly firm for women. Rather, fathers seem to benefit more: family resources are positively related to their productivity and family-friendly benefits allow them more time for leisure. These results support the assumption that having children is negatively related to women’s productivity but challenges the belief that family-friendly policies are primarily beneficial only to mothers trying to balancing work and family.
- Published
- 2008
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