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The efficiency of new adsorbents, including polypropylene nonwoven fabrics by radiation grafting polymerization in the removal of cobalt (II) from aqueous solution, was in the batch experiments. The composition of the acrylonitrile and acrylic acid monomers was used in mutual irradiation grafting, and phosphonic acid was applied as a functional group. Factors affecting the grafting process as well as the adsorption percentage were studied, such as radiation dose (10–40 kGy), monomer concentration, adsorption time (2–24 h), solvent type (dioxane, and dimethylformamide), initial aqueous pH (0.5–6.5), temperature (25–65 °C), and adsorbent mass (0.01–0.1 g). Also, the synthesized adsorbent for the adsorption of various heavy metals such as nickel, cobalt, and zinc was studied. The outcomes revealed that the nonwoven fabrics could act as the excellent adsorbents of enough adsorption sites for cobalt ions or other heavy metals, mainly due to the high grafting percentage of 125.3% and adsorption percentage 99.78%. In this way, the synthesis adsorbents with high efficiency, protected, valuable and financial attributes could be novel potential materials applied in the heavy metal removal.

Wastewater treatment remains a fundamental issue worldwide to date despite different technological progressions and breakthroughs. The wastewater, including heavy metal ions, represents an extraordinary danger to human health if untreated appropriately, making its removal of the most extreme significance. Among various wastewater treatment approaches, adsorption is the most common method to remove heavy metals due to its flexible design, operation, and cost-effectiveness. Adsorption with novel materials is progressively acquiring fame because of many important highlights like wastewater treatment under various conditions. The polymeric adsorbent is the most ordinary adsorbent to eliminate heavy metal ions in wastewater inferable from the simplicity of surface functionalization. The various aspects of radiation induced-graft polymeric adsorbents and their preparation and application are introduced. A list of adsorbents with adsorption capacity and experimental conditions are compiled. The findings clarified the roles and advantages of these adsorbents for remediation and wastewater treatment process due to high selectivity providing by radiation induced-graft polymerization, a productive and minimal expense, large surface area, and excellent mechanical strength. The economic application related to radiation-induced graft polymeric adsorbents is also suggested for investigation. Finally, research gaps and uncertainties of these adsorbents in the water treatment of heavy metal contaminated water are called attention.

In this study, the radiation grafting polymer adsorbent (PP-g-(AN-co-AAc- H 2 PO3)) was promptly prepared and exhibited high removal efficiency for cobalt ions. The modified fiber was synthesized with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid monomers, phosphonic acid as a functional group. Kinetics and equilibrium isotherms observation described that batch experimental data followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The performance of the fixed bed column is investigated by breakthrough curves and four models (Thomos, Yoon–Nelson, Bohart–Adams, and Yan models). The effect of various parameters, such as the initial Co(II) concentration, flow rate of solute, column height, and grafting degree on breakthrough curves have been studied. The results revealed that fabric adsorbent exhibited high adsorption percentage ∼ 99.78% with 125% grafting degree in the batch experiments. In the dynamic adsorption test, the maximum adsorption of fabric adsorbent was obtained at an initial concentration of cobalt ∼ 50 mg/l, column height of 3 cm, and flow rate of 3 ml/min. In the batch state, the change in the degree of bonding did not significantly affect the adsorption of cobalt ions. But, this parameter was an effective parameter in the continuous study. Finally, the fabric adsorbent with a high adsorption performance can potentially remove cobalt ions from wastewater.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of some medicinal plants and systemic glucantime in a comparative manner against the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis both in vitro and in BALB/c mice. Methods For in vivo testing, inbred mice were challenged with Leishmania major parasites and the resultant ulcers were treated with extract based-ointments applied topically two times per day for a period of 20 days. A group of 56 mice were randomly divided into 7 subgroups. The control group received the ointment void of extracts, whereas the reference group received glucantime only. The efficacy of treatments was evaluated by measuring ulcer diameter, parasite burden and NO production. Results Our results indicated that plant extract based-ointments were effective in reducing ulcer size and parasite burden in spleens, but their effects did not differ significantly from that of glucantime. The plant extracts tested in this study were able to increase NO production that helped parasite suppression. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the tested plant extracts are effective against Leishmania major both during in vitro and in vivo experiments, but further researches are required to recommend a potential plant extract as an alternative drug.