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Resumen Objetivo Comparar las caracteristicas morfometricas y la concentracion de acido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y acido eicosapentanoico (EPA) de los diferentes suplementos nutricionales con omega 3 disponibles en el mercado para las dolencias de la retina. Material y metodos Estudio doble ciego, con observador unico, de una muestra de diferentes comprimidos de suplementacion de omega 3 comercializados en Espana. Se estudio tanto la longitud del comprimido como la concentracion de omega 3 en total y de DHA y EPA por separado, utilizando para ello la cantidad proporcionada por el fabricante y el volumen de la capsula calculado a partir del desarrollo de una formula especifica para ello. Resultados Se incluyeron un total de 10 suplementos nutricionales diferentes. La media de omega 3 total, DHA y EPA fue de 383,10 ± 160,90; 210,72 ± 93,3 y 112,34 ± 140,98 mg, respectivamente. El tamano medio de las capsulas fue de 14,77 ± 0,19 × 8,13 ± 0,09 mm. La capsula de menor tamano fue la de Oftan macula omega® (Esteve, Barcelona, Espana). Brudymacula® (Brudylab, Barcelona, Espana) y Brudyretina 1.5 g® (Brudylab, Barcelona, Espana) son las capsulas con mayor cantidad de DHA. Nutrof omega® (Laboratorios Thea, Barcelona, Espana) es la que presenta menor concentracion de omega 3, DHA y EPA por capsula. Conclusion Existen diferencias importantes en cuanto a tamano, volumen, cantidad y concentracion de omega 3 y sus derivados entre los diferentes preparados comerciales. Solo el conocimiento de las caracteristicas de los suplementos nutricionales nos permitira la personalizacion de su indicacion a nuestros pacientes.

Omega-3 nutraceuticals are extensively used as health supplements worldwide. Various administration forms for delivery of omega-3 are available. However, the niche omega-3 tablets have so far remained unexplored. In this work tablets containing 25-40% (w/w) omega-3 oil as triglycerides or ethyl esters were prepared utilizing a direct compaction grade powder with β-cyclodextrin as encapsulating agent. It was found that powders with up to 35% (w/w) triglyceride oil and 30% (w/w) ethyl ester oil, respectively, can be directly compressed into tablets of excellent quality. Physical properties of omega-3 containing powders and tablets are described. The powder X-ray diffractograms of the powders and crushed tablets show evidence of the formation of new crystalline phases not present in β-cyclodextrin. In addition, (1)H NMR data suggest that the ethyl esters form inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. Compaction of other, commercially available, omega-3 powders was performed as a comparison and deemed unsuccessful.

In contrast to earlier long-chain (LC) omega-3 (i.e. EPA and DHA) investigations, some recent studies have not demonstrated significant effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The neutral findings may have been due to experimental design issues, such as: maintenance on aggressive cardiovascular drug treatment overshadowing the benefits of LC omega-3s, high background LC omega-3 intake, too few subjects in the study, treatment duration too short, insufficient LC omega-3 dosage, increase in omega-6 fatty acid intake during the study, failure to assess the LC omega-3 status of the subjects prior to and during treatment and lack of clarity concerning which mechanisms were expected to produce benefits. At the 11th ISSFAL Congress, a workshop was held on conducting LC omega-3 clinical trials with cardiovascular outcomes, with the goal of gaining a better understanding concerning aspects of experimental design that should be considered when planning clinical studies related to EPA and DHA and potential cardiovascular benefits.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has demonstrated evidence of efficacy in meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials in ADHD. The benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acid appear small compared to the effect sizes observed for traditional pharmacological treatments of ADHD. Some evidence suggests that polyunsaturated fatty acid formulations with higher eicosapentaenoic acid may be more effective in improving ADHD symptoms. Melatonin appears to be effective in treating chronic insomnia in children with ADHD but appears to have minimal effects in reducing core ADHD symptoms. Iron and zinc supplementation may have benefit in reducing ADHD symptoms in children with or at high risk of deficiency. Data demonstrating efficacy of iron, zinc or magnesium in non-nutrient deficient ADHD populations is lacking. Many other natural supplements are widely utilized in the United States despite minimal evidence of efficacy and possible side-effects.

Recently, a variety of articles in the popular media have suggested that dietary consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids—from fish or fish oil supplements—may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Many of these commentaries advise against the use of supplemental fish oil. In light of considerable evidence that sufficient tissue levels of long-chain omega-3s can support health in a variety of ways, these concerns need to receive careful critical scrutiny.

Apply and compare two methods that identify signals for the need to update systematic reviews, using three Evidence-based Practice Center reports on omega-3 fatty acids as test cases.We applied the RAND method, which uses domain (subject matter) expert guidance, and a modified Ottawa method, which uses quantitative and qualitative signals. For both methods, we conducted focused electronic literature searches of recent studies using the key terms from the original reports. We assessed the agreement between the methods and qualitatively assessed the merits of each system.Agreement between the two methods was "substantial" or better (kappa0.62) in three of the four systematic reviews. Overall agreement between the methods was "substantial" (kappa=0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-0.83).The RAND and modified Ottawa methods appear to provide similar signals for the possible need to update systematic reviews in this pilot study. Future evaluation with a broader range of clinical topics and eventual comparisons between signals to update reports and the results of full evidence review updates will be needed. We propose a hybrid approach combining the best features of both methods, which should allow efficient review and assessment of the need to update.

There is an emerging paradox that confronts the care for patients with heart failure. On the one hand is the well-chronicled, woeful underutilization of evidence-based, guideline-supported therapies ([1][1]). On the other hand is the growing recognition that a monolithic approach to this very

Development of nutritional strategies to increase the production of fertile sperm would further enhance the distribution of superior genetic material by AI. The objective was to determine the effects of a dietary source of omega-3 fatty acids in boars on semen characteristics and sexual behavior. Boars were fed daily 2.2 kg of a diet top-dressed with 0.3 kg of corn (controls; n=12) or 0.3 kg of a supplement containing 31% omega-3 fatty acids (n=12) for 16 weeks. Semen was collected weekly and for boars that received the supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids, total sperm per ejaculate averaged 84.3+/-2.3 x 10(9) (mean+/-S.E.M.) during Weeks 0-7, and increased (P=0.02) to 95.6+/-2.3 x 10(9) during Weeks 8-15. Control boars averaged 86.3+/-2.3 x 10(9) sperm per ejaculate during Weeks 0-7 and 86.4+/-2.3 x 10(9) during Weeks 8-15. Other semen characteristics were similar (P>0.1) between groups. Duration of ejaculation was affected by treatment (343.9s for controls and 388.8s for boars fed omega-3 fatty acids; S.E.M.=15.7; P=0.05). In summary, semen characteristics and sexual behavior were altered in boars fed a supplement containing omega-3 fatty acids. Boar semen is typically diluted to create AI doses containing 3 x 10(9) sperm each; therefore, use of the supplement increased the number of potential AI doses by approximately three per ejaculate after the initial 7 week supplementation period.

In this paper, we will briefly deal with the background for the possible effects of long-chain marine n-3 (also called omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in coronary heart disease (CHD) and then focus on findings from clinical trials in humans. We will not deal with effects of alpha-linolenic acid, the non-marine type of n-3 PUFA derived from plant oils.

Table eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids may provide an alternative to fish as a source of these proposed healthful fatty acids. Successful marketing of this product may be influenced, however, by consumer perceptions of the egg as an unhealthful food. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to assess consumer perceptions of table egg health quality and to determine the potential consumer acceptability of an n-3 fatty acid-enriched table egg. A survey was conducted in five major Texas cities; over 500 consumers completed the survey. Data were analyzed using the chi-square procedure. The majority of consumers surveyed considered eggs healthful and reported purchasing eggs at least once monthly and consuming an average of three whole eggs per week, as compared with an average reported fish consumption of only one serving per week. Sixty-five percent of the consumers reported willingness to purchase an n-3 fatty acid-enriched table egg and of these, 71% were willing to pay an additional $.50 per dozen. These data indicate that n-3 fatty acid-enriched table eggs represent a viable means of incorporating n-3 fatty acids into the diet of health-conscious consumers.

We read with considerable interest the recent contribution by Calo et al. ([1][1]) about the reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after administration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Even though the

In their recent study, Macchia et al. [(1)][1] concluded that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids did not significantly decrease the rates of recurrent atrial fibrillation. However, there is an uncertainty in interpreting the results of this study. First, it is well-known that there is a different