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Recognizing, enhancing, and appreciating positive experiences in our lives, also known as savoring, has many benefits. Research on savoring suggests that practicing savoring is linked to positive outcomes such as increased happiness and general wellbeing. Organizations should be aware of the positive implications of practicing savoring and should seek to develop savoring norms as this can contribute to organizational success. This article discusses the savoring of positive experiences as a phenomenon and its application in the workplace. Specifically, this article will provide an overview of strategies aimed at enhancing savoring, as well as past research findings that highlight the utility of these strategies. Different barriers and solutions to savoring are discussed, in addition to the importance of the context in cultivating savoring norms in the workplace.

Project governance is traditionally associated with aspects such as directing, controlling or holding to account. However, the good governance principle of fairness has long been neglected. This paper investigates project governance through the theoretical lens of organisational justice, which is concerned with the perception of fairness in the working environment and theoretically introduces the concept of fair project governance. A single holistic case study provides in-depth insights into the lived experience of participants through a phenomenological analysis. Features of fairness in project governance which are aligned to the dimensions of organisational justice (interactions, distribution of resources and decision process) are identified and a four-step approach to implement and sustain fair project governance is developed: establishment, development, demonstration and reciprocation.

Objective This article introducesTreatment Verification Behavior (TVB) to conceptualize patient proactivity. The article also aims to examine doctors’ responses to patients’ TVBs. Methods A doctor-patient paired, two-wave data set was collected from eight hospitals in North China. We collected data from 304 doctor-patient dyads with each doctor rating, on average, three inpatients. Results The results show that when patients consulted their doctors about information regarding a diagnosis or treatment (i.e.,consulting TVB), it improved doctors’ perception of the patients’ ability, which further increased doctors’ work engagement. Alternatively, when patients challenged doctors about information regarding a diagnosis or treatment (i.e., challenging TVB), it induced doctors’ perception of threat but without significantly decreasing doctors’ work engagement. In addition, when doctors felt respected by patients, this feeling moderated the effects of patients’ TVBs on doctors’ reactions. Conclusion Both the content (the “what”) and the manner (the “how”) of patients’ proactive communications with their doctors will influence doctors’ responses. Practice implications These insights suggest that patient and doctor communication training should include components that address both the content and performance of communication.

Introduction: Since their inception, TV medical dramas have been popular with the general public, and especially with medical students. Some educators in biomedical disciplines have used these dramas to illustrate professionalism and bioethical dilemmas. The first season of The Good Doctor, an American TV series, consisted of 18 episodes that showed the life of a young autistic physician with savant syndrome who is starting his residency in surgery. His personality gives rise to conflicts with colleagues and patients. It is hypothesised that The Good Doctor might be useful for teaching bioethics to health sciences students. Methods: We used content analysis for an exploratory and descriptive study of the first season to determine whether the episodes had enough scenes involving bioethical dilemmas to justify empirical studies of its teaching value. Two research questions were posed: What depictions of bioethical conflicts can be useful? And, what characteristics of the representation of the physician as an autistic with savant syndrome might be interesting for learning bioethics? Results: It was found that many episodes of this TV medical drama deal with bioethical dilemmas in different scenarios. A total of 186 situations were identified in which a bioethical principle was involved. The ethical principle most often represented was charity, followed by non-maleficence (non-harming), autonomy and justice. Conclusion: The results suggest that The Good Doctor might be useful for teaching bioethics to health sciences students. Resumen: Introducción: Desde sus inicios, las series médicas han sido populares entre el público en general y especialmente entre los estudiantes de medicina. Algunos educadores en disciplinas biomédicas han usado este formato para ilustrar el profesionalismo y los dilemas bioéticos. La primera temporada de The Good Doctor, una serie de televisión estadounidense, comprende 18 episodios que muestran la vida de un joven médico autista con síndrome de Savant que está comenzando su residencia en cirugía. Su personalidad da lugar a conflictos con colegas y pacientes. Nuestra hipótesis indica que The Good Doctor podría ser útil para enseñar bioética a estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Utilizamos el análisis de contenido para un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de la primera temporada para determinar si los episodios tienen suficientes escenas que involucren dilemas bioéticos para justificar los estudios empíricos de su valor docente. Se plantearon dos preguntas de investigación: ¿Qué representaciones de conflictos bioéticos pueden analizarse? Y, ¿qué características de las representaciones del médico como autista con síndrome de savant podrían ser interesantes para aprender bioética? Resultados: Descubrimos que muchos episodios de esta serie médica tratan con dilemas bioéticos en diferentes escenarios. Identificamos 186 situaciones en las que estaba involucrado un principio bioético. El principio bioético representado con mayor frecuencia fue la beneficencia, seguida de la no maleficencia, la autonomía y la justicia. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que The Good Doctor puede ser útil para enseñar bioética a estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.

Psychology can play an important role in expanding our understanding of the demand-side of populism by revealing its underlying relational logic. Social psychological perspectives on populism are beginning to show how: 1) the division between us ('the good people') and them ('the corrupt elites'/ 'foreign others') taps into core intergroup dynamics, 2) economic and cultural processes are construed in terms of basic status concerns, and 3) collective emotions become mobilised through political communication. Taking these insights into consideration, we reflect on psychology's contribution to the study of populism thus far, and chart out an ambitious role for it at the heart of this interdisciplinary field.

Dynamic public good contribution games in the literature allow players to contribute in multiple periods. These games typically have inefficient and, sometimes, (approximately) efficient subgame perfect equilibria. Inefficiency can take the form of either delayed provision or nonprovision of the public good. In contrast, this paper studies a game that differs primarily in that each player can contribute only once. Each player thus chooses the period at which they contribute, and the size of the contribution. The main result is that if the number of periods is finite but larger than the number of players, then every subgame perfect equilibrium in which each player's contribution amount is strictly less than that player's valuation for the good is efficient: the public good is provided without delay.

The good farmer can reproduce cultural capital through environmental management.\ud When environmental management risks the farm business, it is no longer respected.\ud Farmers can lose cultural and social capital through environmental negligence.\ud The good farmer concept is updated to reflect this feature of the rules of the game.\ud Participation in an AES scheme has played an important role in changing the rules of the game.

Today’s disruptive innovations are driving the creation of numerous billion-dollar startups. Venture capitalists focus on these potentially disruptive technology startups and fund them furiously, advancing their speed of growth. The idea is to scale fast and seek huge returns for investors. Terms that define this type of aggressive scaling have recently developed in Silicon Valley. Unicorn is defined as a venture with a value of $1 billion, while a decacorn describes startups with a value of $10 billion. Another recent term is blitzscaling: funding a venture for extremely fast growth and prioritizing speed over efficiency in an environment of uncertainty. While blitzscaling is being used heavily by investors in Silicon Valley, we look at exactly what comprises this new phenomenon and how it is used in practice. We examine the concept, its stages, and its prevalence before reviewing the different examples of how the strategy has been implemented for success (the good), cases of its failure in practice (the bad), and the extreme cases of ethical compromise by ventures (the ugly). From these cases, we draw specific lessons that, if understood and appropriately addressed, would help new ventures effectively implement the strategy.

A profit-maximizing public good supplier endogenously determines the level of the public good and simultaneously negotiates with beneficiaries of the good one by one. A pre-negotiation commitment on the production level of the public good by the supplier enhances the internalization of beneficiaries' preferences. With the commitment, the supplier produces the public good at an efficient level in equilibrium if and only if its bargaining power is sufficiently weak. In addition, the public good is produced excessively as a result of the commitment when the supplier's bargaining power is sufficiently strong.

Despite the advances in investigative techniques in Forensic Genetics, there are still a large number of unsolved criminal cases. We have recently seen the birth of a new forensic discipline called forensic genealogy or investigative genetic genealogy, which allows to us resolve satisfactorily many of these cold cases combining DNA analysis technology with genealogical search tools. The potential and risks of this new research strategy are manifest. We must maintain a balance between personal privacy and personal interests on the one hand and on the other, public security, the good of the community and the resolution and clarification of criminal acts, requiring a social, legal and scientific debate that clarifies all these aspects and enables adequate legal regulation of these practices.

We provide international empirical evidence that periods of rapid expansion in credit — credit booms — lead to a tradeoff between a relaxation of financial constraints and a worsening of capital allocation. This tradeoff is stronger across small, financially constrained, and more innovative firms, as well as for firms in less tangible industries. In advanced economies the misallocation effect is stronger than the relaxation of financial constraints, and the opposite is true among emerging markets. Credit booms with larger capital misallocation are associated with a higher probability of experiencing a banking crisis and with poor economic and financial performance after the boom.

This article presents a study in Joe Biden’s election campaign speeches. US versus THEM discourse or the discourse of SELF and OTHERS or the positive-good representation of certain groups and the negative-bad representation of others are widely used in political discourse, especially when two political groups, parties, or members are in competition. This article aims to show how Biden uses and employs the image or discourse of US (the good and the positive) and the image or discourse of THEM (the bad and the negative) in his election campaign speeches. Using Van Dijk’s ideological square (positive self-representation versus negative-others representation) for the analysis of the selected data, data analysis showed that Biden skillfully used the discourse of positive US and the discourse of negative THEM in almost all of his speeches.

Submission to the Ad Hoc Committee on a Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland. Summary: The Good Friday or Belfast Agreement 1998 envisaged reforms that would contribute to wider social and economic transformation, among these a Bill of Rights. Many of these reforms have not been delivered and without them society experiences continued economic, social and political problems. The Bill of Rights is an opportunity for transformative change and we highlight especially the need for provisions on economic, social and cultural rights; participation; equality; women’s participation in public life; effective implementation.

This book is an expanded version of "How to be a Good Professor", which was originally written for those who are or want to be professors. This revision is intended for a more general (and especially professional) audience, because almost everyone faces the professor’s challenges: how to use our expertise and insight to provide innovative and justifiable answers to worthwhile questions; how to convey what we know clearly, honestly and persuasively; how to evaluate what others claim to know with a skeptical eye; how to offer and receive criticism diplomatically and constructively; and how to use all of these skills to improve our own organizations and society at large. I hope this book will bring out the good professor in all of us.

First paragraph: In Lee, Sidari, Murphy, Sherlock, and Zietsch (2020), we showed using a large speed dating study that sex differences in misperceptions of sexual interest can be explained by sociosexual orientation and, primarily, the tendency to project one's own interest onto others. We suggested that our results called into question the influential theory that the sex difference in misperception of sexual interest evolved via sex-specific specialized adaptations because it is advantageous for men, relative to women, to overperceive sexual interest (error management theory; EMT). Roth, Samara, and Kret (2020) criticise our interpretation, claiming that 1) our analyses are confounded and 2) we have confused proximate and ultimate levels of explanation. We reject both claims, but the second is an interesting and important issue that has arisen repeatedly in discussions of our paper, as well as in other contexts in the broader literature on evolution and human behavior. We spend some time discussing why proximate explanations are crucial to a healthy evolutionary psychology, and why we believe evolutionary psychologists should pay more attention to them.

Srimanta Sankardeva was the fifteen century socio-religious reformer who together with his great proficiency in art, philosophy and socio-cultural practices edified the inspiration of Bhakti Movement within the North-Eastern region of India. The North-Eastern a neighborhood of India could also be a gathering point of an outsized number of tribes and races since Millenniums. Srimanta Sankardeva, the Siromoni of the Bara Bhuyan dynasty initiated the Neo- Vaisnavism in Assam so on determine integrity among enormous diversity. Neo-Vaisnavism as a movement possesses a Pan-Indian outlook. it's basically a neighborhood of Indian Bhakti Movement which was initiated by Ramanuja around 11th century A.D. The deep knowledge of SrimantaSankardeva on Vedantin philosophy was prospered with the knowledge gathering from the pilgrimages throughout many holy places of India. SrimantaSankardeva preached Neo-Vaisnavismin order to determine integrity among enormous social, cultural and ethnic diversities of Assam and this attempt widened the sphere of this Indian Bhakti Movement. Neo- Vaisnavism is additionally referred to as Eka-Sarana- Nama-Dharma. With its strict monotheistic doctrine and practices Neo-Vaisnavism paved how for a peaceful and united society. the target of article is to spotlight on the social implications of Neo-Vaisnavism initiated by SrimantaSankardeva as a neighborhood of the good Bhakti Movement of Medieval India.

To be blunt, human abilities have lost some of their usefulness over time, meaning that employees need to stay up-to-date with their schooling and training as they advance in their jobs. A type of learning described as "electronic learning" is associated with using computers to aid in instruction. While e-learning has tremendous promise in India, it is currently at a relatively early stage of acceptance and promotion, and will need a significant marketing campaign and a good deal of public awareness. India's educational life has recently acquired a second wind due to globalization. If e-learning technologies are to have the maximum impact, they must be deployed in India's rural areas. This article deals with instructional methodologies, the creation of eLearning curricula, the use of eLearning to expand knowledge to locations outside of the classroom, as well as the good and bad aspects of eLearning.

This paper explores the incentives of product designers to complexify products, and the resulting implications for overall product quality. In our model, a consumer can accept or reject a product proposed by a designer, who can affect the quality and the complexity of the product. While the product’s quality determines the direct benefits of the product to the consumer, the product’s complexity affects how costly it is for this Bayesian consumer to extract information about the product’s quality. Examples include banks that design financial products that they later offer to retail investors, or policymakers who propose policies for approval by voters. We find that complexity is not necessarily a feature of low quality products. While an increase in alignment between the consumer and the designer leads to more complex but better quality products, higher product demand or lower competition among designers leads to more complex and lower quality products. Our findings produce novel empirical implications on the relationship between quality and complexity of financial products and regulatory policies, which are consistent with recent evidence.

The Greater Boston Real Estate Board (GBREB) Standard Form Apartment Lease is commonly used in the Greater Boston area as the starting point for lease negotiations. However, the GBREB standard lease contains several problematic provisions, some of which contradict Massachusetts housing law. This paper analyzes each of these provisions and provides both a legal and normative case for why these provisions should be changed. The paper concludes with an original model lease entitled "The Good Lease," designed to correct many of the flaws contained in the GBREB standard lease.

The Good Friday/Belfast Agreement had to address a fundamental fissure in constitutional thought on the island of Ireland; when it came to the legitimacy of the island’s constitutional arrangements, was this dependent upon one group of constituent power holders, or two? The question had been contested since partition, and this paper explores how the conundrum was resolved through the use of John Hume’s concept of a people of Northern Ireland, who would have the ability to determine whether to remain within the United Kingdom (UK) or join a unified Ireland. This concept might have sufficed to tackle a tricky issue in the 1998 negotiations, but it remained all-but-unexplored in the years after, until the UK’s voters backed its withdrawal from the European Union (EU) in June 2016. This outcome changed the debate on the (re)unification of Ireland, and necessitates a new understanding of this group of constituent power holders. To reflect the 1998 Agreement, the people of Northern Ireland also gained special protections in the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement. Finally, alongside these developments, the UK Government’s application of immigration rules and ascription of nationality to the people of Northern Ireland called the nature of this status into question. This article considers how the use of this term is changing in light of these pressures and the impact of these shifts for the debate over Northern Ireland’s constitutional future.

There are many false ideas about the idea of capitalism. Capitalism is a system that operates in the material self-interest of all individuals in society, including non-capitalists. In any meritocracy, those who believe that they should be better and who should achieve more will remain envious of those who through luck and good fortune and hard work achieve what others cannot; and this is the real heart of both socialism and communism; a system that allows the jealous and the envious to piously act as they plot against the good fortune of others. Communism is a system that facilitates a few to cause discontent through claims that women should be being paid more money even where it has been definitively demonstrated where women earn more than men with the same level of experience and skills.

This article deals with the economic effects of xenophobic incidents. To analyze these effects, we focus on one important industry, namely tourism. Combining a novel, district-level data set on tourism in Germany with data on xenophobic activities, we find that xenophobic demonstrations lead to a decline in tourism numbers. An analysis of a sample of German newspapers shows that the effect is driven by the media attention towards the incidents. Looking at Dresden as a case study with the Synthetic Control Method provides support for our results. The findings presented here highlight the direct economic costs of xenophobia and strengthen the political case to fight political extremism.

This "prompt" for the Columbia Journal of Tax Law's "Tax Matters" online publication analyzes the Treasury Department's assertion of the good cause exception when it issued temporary Treasury regulations without notice and comment under the new IRC § 245A, enacted as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to provide a dividends received deduction for U.S. corporations receiving dividends from certain non-U.S. subsidiaries.

It is simply impossible for benevolence to precede prudence because it is prudence that allows one to create a surplus that can be used later for benevolence. One can’t give what one does not have. Sympathy without the application of prudence first is simply a completely ineffective sentiment. Only prudence allows one to follow up sympathy with actions. One can imagine a poor Good Samaritan with no horse, no wine, no oil, and no bag of silver coins having sympathy for the badly beaten and robbed traveler on the very dangerous road to Jericho, but, because of his imprudent behavior in the past, not being able to act benevolently. The Good Samaritan would then go down in history as the Sympathetic Samaritan, who could take no actions of any importance to mitigate the sufferings of the beaten man. Economists have horribly misconstrued Smith’s story of the baker, brewer and butcher. The baker, brewer and butcher can’t possibly act benevolently in the future unless they can earn an economic profit in the present. It is absurd to expect the baker, brewer and butcher to practice benevolence if they are suffering losses or just breaking even. They have no surplus or bag of silver coins to give away to others. The baker, brewer and butcher must first practice prudence (self love) before they can help others. They must win the economic race first before they can even consider doing anything for others. Apparently, economists have badly confused altruism with benevolence. Altruism is not benevolence and it is not a virtue. The expectation that the baker, brewer and butcher should give away their products for free or at a greatly reduced cost to others is not benevolence. It is altruism. Altruism, except in highly unique and rare circumstances, is universally condemned by all spiritual leaders and guides precisely because it violates, for example, Christ’s second law that one must love your neighbor as you love yourself, which is prudence. Smith’s first book,The Theory of Moral Sentiments ,is his general theory of how humans should act. This general theory is based on the application of Five virtues. Prudence is ALWAYS the first virtue. Then temperance and courage, self command (self control) are practiced so that one is satisfied when his needs,not his wants, are met. Shrewdness, Frugality, Parsimony and Saving allow one to create a surplus by controlling one’s wants. The next virtue is the recognition of the importance of justice, followed finally, in last place, by benevolence. Smith’s second book, The Wealth of Nations, deals only with the economic race for an economic profit and the macroeconomic value of the sober (prudent) citizens, as opposed to the malevolent and detrimental behavior of the prodigals, imprudent risk takers, projectors, and British East India Company. ALL prudent citizens do their utmost to win this race in exactly the same manner that the runner in The Theory of Moral Sentiments does his very best to win the race in which he is taking part against others. There is no role for benevolence when one is preparing for, training, practicing, and then running the foot race. Similarly, there is no role for benevolence in an economic race. The Wealth of Nations deals with the economic race. Of course, AFTER both races have been won, one can practice self command, justice, and benevolence, but NOT BEFORE.

The company Magazine Luiza surprised Brazil when it announced that it would open an exclusive recruitment process for the admission of black trainees. We were used to the good (or bad) reality of black quota in universities and in the public services. But a black-exclusive recruitment process in the private sector is not usual at all, even more when coming from a big national company.

In uttering his last words, Socrates uses the plural because he is speaking as the head of his household, a collectivity owing a debt for the recovery from disease of one of its members. Crito is addressed in the plural as head of his household, whose servants will perform the ritual sacrifice of a rooster to Asclepius as their master directs. Socrates had instructed that his youngest son, a baby in arms, be brought to him in the prison. The infant’s presence is not adventitious, for had Xanthippe been primarily summoned, it would have been left at home in the care of the women of the household. The morbidity rate of infants under one year in 4th century BCE Athens was between 40 and 60 times that of infants under one year in post-industrial societies. A healthy infant in a Platonic fiction is an individual recently cured of life-threatening disease. Socrates' infant son is the individual for whose recent recovery a rooster is owed to Asclepius.

We study the overlap between the medical malpractice (“med mal”) and medical disciplinary systems, using the records of Illinois physicians who held an active license at any point from 1990-2012. We quantify the specialty-specific risk of having a paid med mal claim or a disciplinary action; how many physicians have both; and the extent to which physicians with 2+ paid claims or 2+ disciplinary actions account for a disproportionate share of the activity of both systems. We also examine which factors are associated with paid claims and disciplinary actions, and whether physicians with multiple paid claims or disciplinary actions are concentrated at particular hospitals. Physicians with 2+ paid claims account for 2.6% of all licensed physicians, 54% of paid claims and 52% of payouts. Physicians with 2+ disciplinary actions account for 0.5% of physicians and 38% of all disciplinary actions. The risk of paid claims and disciplinary actions varies greatly by specialty. Physicians who attended non-U.S. medical schools are more likely to have paid claims but (except for high-disciplinary risk specialties) are not more likely to be subject to disciplinary action. Physicians with prior paid claims are more likely to be the target of disciplinary action – but not vice versa. A small number of Illinois hospitals are staffed by physicians with unusually high numbers of paid med mal claims, disciplinary actions, or both.

In his protreptic to Crito urging him to philosophize at the end of their conversation in the Euthydemus, Socrates urges him to ignore both the good and the bad philosophers and the ephemeral λόγοι, some useful others good for nothing, that they expounded on the previous day. One of Socrates' λόγοι is seen to be a good for nothing philosophical observation and one of Dionysodorus' λόγο is seen to be a useful philosophical observation. Those constitute double antitheses in which the putatively good philosopher Socrates and the putatively bad philosopher Dionysodorus expound a defective λόγος and a useful λόγοςrespectively. Antitheses grounded in speech occur in the compass of a single dialogue, the Euthydemus. Plato also composed antitheses grounded in dramatic events that span two dialogues, the Euthydemus and the Lysis.

A good teacher should be concerned about aspects of training related to university teaching, in addition to research. Universities must therefore have systems in place to encourage the training of their professionals. Whilst the researcher is trained through their PhD program and thesis director, who teaches them how to be a teacher? What makes a good teacher? What defines the good teacher: his/her attitude or his/her training?

This report analyses proposals that have been made to address legacy offences in Northern Ireland benchmarks each for compliance with international human rights law, the Good Friday Agreement and the Stormont House Agreement.

It is a pleasure to speak with you today after 38 odd years in this arena. Having handed in my final class grades on Tuesday as a law professor (retiring on January 31, 2021) I am a has been or fast on my way to being one. I think of this as my farewell speech to international commercial arbitration and, upon the suggestion of my wife, have dressed accordingly in the tuxedo I wore yesterday to celebrate our fourth wedding anniversary. I speak to you out of my deep and abiding respect for international commercial arbitration. I have known this field’s promise and limitations, the good and the bad in it, and the best and the worst in it. So I appreciate your time today to discuss this topic. I will attempt to shed some heat but I also hope to bring some light on this arena. You will be the judge of whether I succeed. The presentation will be on the way forward for the New List - Arbitrators of African Descent with a US Connection (https://www.simpsonadr.net/files/NewList2020.07.30Edited.pdf). The bottom line will be you should hire, promote, and appoint these people in international arbitration practice. It is in the best interest of your clients, your firms, and yourselves – and for international commercial arbitration. The durability of international arbitration as the world’s dispute resolution mechanism may depend on it.

Although misinformation has always existed, the scope and speed at which fake news can reach even the most remote corners of the globe is a modern phenomenon. In the field of infection prevention and control (IPC), we like to believe that our dedication to the field and the process of conducting science protects us from the ravages of 'bad buzz' and fake news. This misconception leads medical professionals to underestimate the negative effects of misinformation on public health. This paper focuses on the nexus of what is happening between the field of IPC and the public. Its aim is to examine how information gets distorted and amplified between the medical community and the public, and outline some of the issues that deserve further attention. It looks at a number of case studies which show that even one badly conducted study can have a severe negative impact on public health, and that a well-conducted study can be distorted to make people believe something fallacious. In the current system of publishing and the proliferation of online journals that publish without peer review, 'bad buzz' and fake news can quickly do a good deal of damage.

Scientific research has stressed the negative impact of economic and social adversity on parenting, which compromises children's adaptive trajectories throughout the life cycle. By means of a grounded theory approach, this study aims to explore and understand how mothers within socially and economically disadvantaged contexts conceptualize the “good mother”, and how they experience their own parenting. The sample consisted of 24 economically and socially disadvantaged mothers and a contrasting group of 8 mothers with no economic or social disadvantages. Educating children and ensuring their well-being emerged as the core purposes of a “good mother”, reported to be fulfilled through six main functions – affection, education, basic care, protection, dialogue and family relational care. The results also suggested the influence of beliefs on the parenting role performance, namely on parental strengths and shortcomings. Additionally, almost all the mothers revealed a positive parental self-image, although justifying this image posed difficulties for some, thus suggesting low parenting-related reflexivity. A hypothetical theory on mothers' positive parental self-image emerged through the data analysis. These results provide direction for future research and may potentially inform clinical practice with families in settings characterized by economic and social adversity.

Five experiments identify an asymmetric moral hindsight effect for judgments about whether a morally good action should have been taken, e.g., Ann should run into traffic to save Jill who fell before an oncoming truck. Judgments are increased when the outcome is good (Jill sustained minor bruises), as Experiment 1 shows; but they are not decreased when the outcome is bad (Jill sustained life-threatening injuries), as Experiment 2 shows. The hindsight effect is modified by imagined alternatives to the outcome: judgments are amplified by a counterfactual that if the good action had not been taken, the outcome would have been worse, and diminished by a semi-factual that if the good action had not been taken, the outcome would have been the same. Hindsight modification occurs when the alternative is presented with the outcome, and also when participants have already committed to a judgment based on the outcome, as Experiments 3A and 3B show. The hindsight effect occurs not only for judgments in life-and-death situations but also in other domains such as sports, as Experiment 4 shows. The results are consistent with a causal-inference explanation of moral judgment and go against an aversive-emotion one.

To achieve the objective of a high quality search within the shortest possible time, the successful search professional needs, next to his technical and tool knowledge, an attitude, focussed on constant introspection, critical thinking, continuous learning and creative problem solving. A search process is proposed, which lays out the framework for the decisions faced during a search. At the lower level, at the decision points, the behaviour, or attitude, influences the quality and the timeliness of the search. At the higher level, after each search, one takes the adequate decisions to improve in the future, again a matter of attitude. In essence, it is the appropriate behaviour at the decision points which defines the good attitude of the search professional delivering good results and improving them in the future. With this appropriate attitude one will incidentally also improve the necessary skills and knowledge.

When Political Geography (Quarterly) was established in 1981, the field barely registered in the international social science community and had become a "moribund backwater". The journal has motivated and reflected a sizable body of published works for almost two generations. The impact of these articles, however, is muted for a variety of reasons including a large diversity of subjects and methodologies, a lack of sustained and replicable research on important contemporary subjects, a tendency to dilettantism, and a failure to achieve any coherent notion of what constitutes political geographic research. Because the discipline of political geography is so amorphous and opaque to both its practitioners and observers, the potential benefits of its approach are muted and its achievements enervated. The field's achievements can partly be gauged by a comparison of the journal's content to its original agenda. Notable missed opportunities for focus and impact are identified, especially in a failure to clarify the important role that context plays in political behavior. Publication expectations in academia have changed, propelling authors to try to rush to print, while not coincidentally publishing production standards have slipped. The likely trends are further centrifugal pressures on disciplinary staples and an erosion of what seemed like a relatively coherent sub-discipline in 1981.

In this paper we try to explain, using an anthropological point of view, how the medical community behaves like a tribe like those who inhabit the Amazon forests or the African Savanna. The Family as fundamental unit of a band of hunter-gatherers also defines the Primary Care Centre and the professionals who work there, as an egalitarian group in which every member works for the good of the tribe. The leaders of the tribe, also called "Health Centre Managers", are also comparable to the "big men" of Polynesia or the aborigines, who leads hunting parties. Even the clashes between physicians about the responsibilities as regards patients have been described throughout history in the anthropological literature, and they repeat the patterns of the segmental groups. We finish by concluding that this vision of warring tribes has to be overcome in order to advance towards the improvement of our community's health.

The current study employs content analysis of news coverage on recent campus protests (the University of Missouri, the University of Cincinnati, Harvard School of Law, and Ithaca College). Using the contingency theory of conflict management as a theoretical framework, the study sought both parties’ (institution and student activist group) stances along the continuum of pure advocacy to pure accommodation. The study also examined whether recent student groups applied radical activist strategies, and if institutions employed conflict resolution strategies. Results indicate both parties were advocating, with only institutions moving along the continuum from advocacy to pure accommodation. Students were found to execute radical activist strategies and institutions’ responses were dominantly unconditionally constructive.

I contend that access to powerful knowledge is the cornerstone of education in the Good Society. Such powerful knowledge is accessed by students through engagement in vertical discourse. I adopt Bernstein's definition of vertical discourse as a form of pedagogical discourse that enables students to link symbolic knowledge, derived from a context, to other symbolic knowledge structures in a vertical manner. Engagement in vertical discourse enables students to transcend an immediate context to examine social classifications and control mechanisms that are inherent in pedagogical discourse. In the process, both education and technologies integrated into the curriculum are revealed to be ideologically charged. To illustrate this, I use the example of the study of augmented reality in a Postgraduate Certificate of Applied Practice. I then make suggestions regarding engagement in vertical discourse, so that practising teachers enrolled in the course are enabled to recognise and engage with the classifications and control mechanisms inherent in technological discourse. Finally, I suggest that engagement in vertical discourse is not an inevitable aspect of 21st Century learning design. Rather, engagement in vertical discourse and access to powerful knowledge have to be incorporated consciously in learning design by teachers who are familiar with the territory.

Do we have any means of predicting or evaluating how technological developments could contribute to a good society before they become part of everyday life? This paper turns to history for a potential answer by seeing the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition as one example of a tentative materialization of a vision of the good society supported by technological systems and artifacts. The first part of the paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding the communication of private sociotechnical visions of the good society to the public by way of full-scale models, and addresses how to evaluate such visions. Based on this framework, the paper explores the Exposition as a sociotechnical prototype, publicly enacted and experienced, and essential to insights about our own sociotechnical future.

The Good : when you fight to counter threat, your aggression is a reactive defense, and often morally justifiable. The Bad : when you loot and rob, hurt and kill, to obtain social status or material goods, that is an extrinsic reward. This is instrumental aggression. And The Ugly : The intrinsic enjoyment of violence. This ‘ appetitive aggression’ describes a lust for violence, underlying first-person shooter gamers, hunting, and extreme acts of violence, such as murder and massacres. Although violence often results from a combination of these forms of aggression, the differentiation is necessary to understand their interplay, as they drive two interconnected cycles of violence: the reactive cycle, fueled by the motivation to overcome negative feelings, and the hedonically driven appetitive cycle.

This study examined the effects of the Good Behaviour Game on teacher and student behaviour in a general education classroom. Using a multiple baseline design across classes, baseline rates of disruptive behaviours were collected in each class and the class was divided into two teams. Each team then competed to obtain reinforcers for good behaviour. High baseline rates of disruptive behaviour were reduced significantly when the game was in first introduced. When it was introduced a second time the teachers were instructed to increase their positive comments. Surprisingly, there was little evidence of an increase in positive comments from the teachers. Findings are discussed in the context of the need for teacher training in behaviour analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the symphony orchestra as a living organism in a perpetual interaction with the volatility of the nowadays environment, as a symbiosis between the goods and the services provided by a symphony orchestra's activity. A description of the symphony orchestra's activity, with emphasize upon German orchestras (Kulturorchester), as dominators on the classical symphony orchestras’ market. This paper aims to present some of the mission statements, the goals, the good practices identified in symphony orchestras’ management, mostly German, the typical and well-known pattern that characterizes a musician, member of an orchestra, and to describe the characteristics of today's management. There is a special emphasis placed on the interdisciplinary activity and the collaboration with the educational institutions. The results consist of the identification of the multiple stakeholders, the opportunities and the threats, the best practices and the innovative aspects in today's management of a symphony orchestra. “Tradition is not the worship of ashes, but the preservation of fire” Gustav Mahler