1. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiome synchronize the host’s metabolic response to diet
- Author
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George M. Weinstock, Diana Lopez, Molly S. Bray, and Laura M. Lashinger
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Circadian clock ,Biology ,Gut flora ,Energy homeostasis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Obesity ,Circadian rhythm ,Metabolic disease ,Molecular Biology ,Host Microbial Interactions ,Host (biology) ,Feeding Behavior ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Gut microbiome ,Circadian Rhythm ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,030104 developmental biology ,Adipogenesis ,Energy Metabolism ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The molecular circadian clock and symbiotic host-microbe relationships both evolved as mechanisms that enhance metabolic responses to environmental challenges. The gut microbiome benefits the host by breaking down diet-derived nutrients indigestible by the host and generating microbiota-derived metabolites that support host metabolism. Similarly, cellular circadian clocks optimize organismal physiology to the environment by influencing the timing and coordination of metabolic processes. Host-microbe interactions are influenced by dietary quality and timing, as well as daily light/dark cycles that entrain circadian rhythms in the host. Together, the gut microbiome and the molecular circadian clock play a coordinated role in neural processing, metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation, and disease initiation and progression. This review examines the bidirectional interactions between the circadian clock, gut microbiota, and host metabolic systems and their effects on obesity and energy homeostasis. Directions for future research and the development of therapies that leverage these systems to address metabolic disease are highlighted.
- Published
- 2021