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275 results on '"Grace, John"'

5. Litter-derived nitrogen reduces methane uptake in tropical rainforest soils

Author

Gao, Jinbo, primary, Zhou, Wenjun, additional, Liu, Yuntong, additional, Sha, Liqing, additional, Song, Qinghai, additional, Lin, Youxing, additional, Yu, Guirui, additional, Zhang, Junhui, additional, Zheng, Xunhua, additional, Fang, Yunting, additional, Grace, John, additional, Zhao, Junbin, additional, Xu, Jianchu, additional, Gui, Heng, additional, Sinclair, Fergus, additional, and Zhang, Yiping, additional

Published
2022
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6. Azithromycin for the prevention of rehospitalisation and death among Kenyan children being discharged from hospital: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled trial

Author

Elizabeth Akinyi, Kirkby D Tickell, Joseph D Carreon, Joseph B. Babigumira, Mary Amondi, Benson Singa, Christine J. McGrath, Ruth Nduati, Stephanie N. Tornberg-Belanger, Judd L. Walson, Barbra A. Richardson, Joyce Otieno, Rebecca L Brander, George Bogonko, Samuel Kariuki, Doreen Rwigi, Grace John-Stewart, Liru Meshak, and Patricia B Pavlinac

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Azithromycin, Placebo, Patient Readmission, law.invention, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Risk of mortality, Humans, Medicine, education, Mass drug administration, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, Infant, Newborn, Infant, General Medicine, Kenya, Patient Discharge, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Child Mortality, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Summary Background Mass drug administration of azithromycin to children in sub-Saharan Africa has been shown to improve survival in high-mortality settings. The period after hospital discharge is a time of elevated risk unaddressed by current interventions and might provide an opportunity for targeting empirical azithromycin administration. We aimed to assess the efficacy of azithromycin administered at hospital discharge on risk of death and rehospitalisation in Kenyan children younger than 5 years. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial, children were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a 5-day course of azithromycin (oral suspension 10 mg/kg on day 1, followed by 5mg/kg per day on days 2–5) or identically appearing and tasting placebo at discharge from four hospitals in western Kenya. Children were eligible if they were aged 1–59 months at hospital discharge, weighed at least 2 kg, and had been admitted to hospital for any medical reason other than trauma, poisoning, or congenital anomaly. The primary outcome was death or rehospitalisation in the subsequent 6-month period in a modified intention-to-treat population, compared by randomisation group with Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier. Azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from a random subset of children was compared by randomisation group with generalised estimating equations. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02414399 . Findings Between June 28, 2016, and Nov 4, 2019, 1400 children were enrolled in the trial at discharge from hospital, with 703 (50·2%) randomly assigned to azithromycin and 697 (49·8%) to placebo. Among the 1398 children included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (702 in the azithromycin group and 696 in the placebo group), the incidence of death or rehospitalisation was 20·4 per 100 child-years in the azithromycin group and 22·5 per 100 child-years in the placebo group (adjusted hazard ratio 0·91, 95·5% CI 0·64–1·29, p=0·58). Azithromycin resistance was common in commensal E coli isolates from enrolled children before randomisation (37·7% of 406 isolates) despite only 3·7% of children having received a macrolide antibiotic during the hospitalisation. Azithromycin resistance was slightly higher at 3 months after randomisation in the azithromycin group (26·9%) than in the placebo group (19·1%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1·41, 95% CI 0·95–2·09, p=0·088), with no difference observed at 6 months (1·17, 0·78–1·76, p=0·44). Interpretation We did not observe a significant benefit of a 5-day course of azithromycin delivered to children younger than 5 years at hospital discharge despite the overall high risk of mortality and rehospitalisation. These findings highlight the need for more research into mechanisms and interventions for prevention of morbidity and mortality in the post-discharge period. Funding Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development.

Published
2021

9. Effect of pregnancy versus postpartum maternal isoniazid preventive therapy on infant growth in HIV-exposed uninfected infants: a post-hoc analysis of the TB APPRISE trial

Author

Ashenafi S. Cherkos, Sylvia M. LaCourse, Daniel A. Enquobahrie, Barbra A. Richardson, Sarah Bradford, Grace Montepiedra, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Tapiwa Mbengeranwa, Gaerolwe Masheto, Patrick Jean–Phillippe, Nahida Chakhtoura, Gerhard Theron, Adriana Weinberg, Haseena Cassim, Mpho S. Raesi, Elsie Jean, Deo Wabwire, Teacler Nematadzira, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Anneke C. Hesseling, Linda Aurpibul, Amita Gupta, Grace John-Stewart, Timothy R. Sterling, Renee Browning, Katie McCarthy, Lisa Aaron, Katherine Shin, Amanda Golner, Bonnie Zimmer, Jyoti S. Mathad, Savita Pahwa, Vandana Kulkarni, Diane Costello, Vivian Rexroad, Monica Gandhi, Joan Du Plessis, and Amy James Loftis

Subjects
General Medicine
Published
2023

10. Higher contraceptive uptake in HIV treatment centers offering integrated family planning services: A national survey in Kenya

Author

John Kinuthia, Yilin Chen, Christine J. McGrath, Grace John-Stewart, Wangui Muthigani, Lucy Ng’ang’a, Emily R. Begnel, Benson Singa, Agnes Langat, Joel Gondi, Alison L. Drake, and Dunstan Achwoka

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Contraceptive Agents, medicine, Antiretroviral treatment, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Dual method, Hiv treatment, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, High prevalence, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kenya, Contraception, Cross-Sectional Studies, Contraceptive use, Reproductive Medicine, Family planning, Family Planning Services, Family medicine, Who guidelines, Female, business
Abstract

Objectives Integrating family planning (FP) into routine HIV care and treatment are recommended by WHO guidelines to improve FP access among HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to assess factors that influence the delivery of integrated FP services and the impact of facility-level integration of FP on contraceptive uptake among women living with HIV (WLWH). Study design A national cross-sectional study was conducted among WLWH at HIV Care and Treatment centers with >1000 antiretroviral treatment (ART) clients per year. A mobile team visited 108 HIV Care and Treatment centers and administered surveys to key informants regarding facility attributes and WLWH regarding FP at these centers between June and September 2016. We classified facilities offering FP services within the same facility as ‘integrated’ facilities. Results 4805 WLWH were enrolled at 108 facilities throughout Kenya. The majority (73%) of facilities offered integrated FP services. They were more likely to be offered in public than private facilities (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.86, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.11–3.11; p = 0.02] and were more common in the Nyanza region than the Nairobi region (77% vs 35% respectively, p = 0.06). Any contraceptive use (89% vs 80%), use of modern contraception (88% vs 80%), dual method use (40% vs 30%), long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) (28% vs 20%), and non-barrier short-term methods (34% vs 27%) were all significantly higher in facilities with integrated FP services (p Conclusions The majority of high volume facilities integrated FP services into HIV care. Integrating FP services may increase modern contraceptive use among WLWH. Implications Integration of FP services was associated with higher modern contraceptive use, lower unmet need for modern methods and higher use of long-acting, reversible contraception (LARC), and non-barrier short-term methods among women living with HIV. Despite high prevalence of integration of FP services, organizational challenges remain at integrated clinics.

Published
2020

11. Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and early continuation among pregnant and post-partum women within maternal and child health clinics in Kenya: results from an implementation programme

Author

Ambia L Naidu, Winnie N Mituga, Osama M Auma, Pauline Achieng, Christine K Ireri, Meridah M Mwania, Steve J Ochieng, George Owiti, Celestine C Atieno, Ajode C Aquino, Vivian A Obote, Harison Lagat, Titus Kipyegon, Kenneth K. Mugwanya, Felix Abuna, Magdalene C Rono, Emily R. Begnel, Esther N Bundi, Joseph M Mwendwa, Anastacia Kamau, Joyness B Kemunto, Paskal O Otieno, Neera Bhatt, Tonny O Ochieng, Emma J A Kephas, Cecilia B Makabwa, Martin C Ndung'u, Peris W Muthoni, Yvonne F Fondo, Jared M. Baeten, Dickens Onyango, Joel A Otieno, Mary I A Osama, Maurine A Odhiambo, Serede M Mmbukane, Diana A Ojowi, Fredrick Otieno, Elizabeth S Lubembe, Julia C Dettinger, Grace John-Stewart, Jillian Pintye, John Kinuthia, Melvin A Kiche, Rose K Chiira, Irene A Ouma, Bernard O Okeah, Emma Mukenyi, Veronica A Odede, Valarie Kemunto, Alice M Lipesa, Sila J Mwania, Anne W Njoroge, Jacqueline Q Adhiambo, Irene Cherotich, and Eunita I A Akim

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Epidemiology, business.industry, Immunology, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Discontinuation, 03 medical and health sciences, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Ambulatory care, Virology, Family medicine, medicine, Marital status, Domestic violence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, business, Postpartum period
Abstract

Summary Background Pregnant women in settings with high HIV prevalence are at increased risk of HIV acquisition and subsequent vertical transmission. We implemented and evaluated a novel programme to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in maternal and child health clinics in Kenya. Methods In collaboration with Kisumu County Department of Health, we integrated PrEP delivery within 16 maternal and child health clinics in Kisumu County (Kenya). Women and girls older than 15 years seeking maternal and child health services who tested HIV negative at that visit or within a month and were willing to receive PrEP counselling were interviewed to assess for HIV behavioural risk factors and offered PrEP. Correlates of PrEP initiation and continuation were assessed using Poisson regression in univariate and multivariate analyses. Potential correlates included in our analyses were age, marital status, marriage type, whether pregnant or post partum, gestational age (if pregnant), and HIV risk factors in the previous 6 months. Reasons for the decision to discontinue after having decided to initiate PrEP were evaluated. Women who initiated PrEP were followed up 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after initiation. Findings Between Nov 20, 2017, and June 13, 2018, 9376 pregnant and post-partum women were assessed for behavioural risk factors and willingness to initiate PrEP. Overall, 2030 (21·7%) initiated PrEP, and 2027 had the status of their partner captured (153 [79·3%] of 193 women with partners living with HIV, 1178 [37·2%] of 3165 women with partners of unknown HIV status, and 696 [11·6%] of 5997 women with HIV-negative partners). Predictors of PrEP initiation in the multivariate analysis were: being younger than 24 years (adjusted prevalence ratio 1·14, 95% CI 1·02–1·28); having a partner living with HIV (6·96, 5·46–8·89) or of unknown HIV status (3·08, 2·50–3·81); gestational age of less than 26 weeks (1·22, 1·02–1·47); having been diagnosed or treated for a sexually transmitted infection (1·57, 1·20–2·06); having been forced to have sex (1·82, 1·38–2·42); having experienced intimate partner violence during the previous 6 months (1·65, 1·10–2·48); having shared needles while engaging in injection drug use (2·43, 1·69–3·50); and recurrent use of post-exposure prophylaxis (1·96, 1·36–2·82). Overall, 786 (38·7%) of 2030 women who initiated PrEP continued use after the first month, with 104 (68·0%) of 153 women who had a partner living with HIV continuing use. Having a partner living with HIV was the only predictor of PrEP continuation at 1 month in the multivariable model (1·98, 1·54–2·55). Frequent reasons for discontinuation were side effects and low HIV risk perception. No incident HIV infection was reported among women on PrEP. Interpretation Many women attending maternal and child health clinics had risk factors for HIV and elected to use PrEP, indicating that routinely accessed maternal and child health clinics can be an effective platform for PrEP delivery for young women. As PrEP awareness rises, PrEP provision in routine clinical settings such as maternal and child health facilities might contribute to decreased HIV incidence among young women. Funding US Department of State.

Published
2020

13. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author

Sub Algemeen Biologie, Sub Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Ecology and Biodiversity, Forest, Plots net, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Tran, Hieu Dang, Sub Algemeen Biologie, Sub Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Ecology and Biodiversity, Forest, Plots net, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, and Tran, Hieu Dang

Published
2021

17. Evaluation of the association between the concentrations of key vaginal bacteria and the increased risk of HIV acquisition in African women from five cohorts: a nested case-control study

Author

Craig R. Cohen, Connie Celum, Nelly Mugo, Tina L. Fiedler, Julie Overbaugh, Jairam R. Lingappa, Walter Jaoko, Jared M. Baeten, Grace John-Stewart, David N. Fredricks, John Kinuthia, Sujatha Srinivasan, Matthew M Munch, Barbra A. Richardson, R. Scott McClelland, Krista Yuhas, and Kishorchandra Mandaliya

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, HIV Infections, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Inflammation, Sex Workers, Bacteria, business.industry, Postpartum Period, Confounding, Case-control study, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Vagina, Nested case-control study, Serodiscordant, Cohort, HIV-1, Female, business, Postpartum period
Abstract

Summary Background Disruptions of vaginal microbiota might increase women's susceptibility to HIV infection. Advances in molecular microbiology have enabled detailed examination of associations between vaginal bacteria and HIV acquisition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the concentrations of specific vaginal bacteria and increased risk of HIV acquisition in African women. Methods We did a nested case-control study of participants from eastern and southern Africa. Data from five cohorts of African women (female sex workers, pregnant and post-partum women, and women in serodiscordant relationships) were used to form a nested case-control analysis between women who acquired HIV infection versus those who remained seronegative. Deep sequence analysis of broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR products was applied to a subset of 55 cases and 55 controls. From these data, 20 taxa were selected for bacterium-specific real-time PCR assays, which were examined in the full cohort as a four-category exposure (undetectable, first tertile, second tertile, and third tertile of concentrations). Conditional logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Regression models were stratified by cohort, and adjusted ORs (aORs) were generated from a multivariable model controlling for confounding variables. The Shannon Diversity Index was used to measure bacterial diversity. The primary analyses were the associations between bacterial concentrations and risk of HIV acquisition. Findings Between November, 2004, and August, 2014, we identified 87 women who acquired HIV infection (cases) and 262 controls who did not acquire HIV infection. Vaginal bacterial community diversity was higher in women who acquired HIV infection (median 1·3, IQR 0·4–2·3) than in seronegative controls (0·7, 0·1–1·5; p=0·03). Seven of the 20 taxa showed significant concentration-dependent associations with increased odds of HIV acquisition: Parvimonas species type 1 (first tertile aOR 1·67, 95% CI 0·61–4·57; second tertile 3·01, 1·13–7·99; third tertile 4·64, 1·73–12·46; p=0·005) and type 2 (first tertile 3·52, 1·63–7·61; second tertile 0·85, 0·36–2·02; third tertile 2·18, 1·01–4·72; p=0·004), Gemella asaccharolytica (first tertile 2·09, 1·01–4·36; second tertile 2·02, 0·98–4·17; third tertile 3·03, 1·46–6·30; p=0·010), Mycoplasma hominis (first tertile 1·46, 0·69–3·11; second tertile 1·40, 0·66–2·98; third tertile 2·76, 1·36–5·63; p=0·048), Leptotrichia/Sneathia (first tertile 2·04, 1·02–4·10; second tertile 1·45, 0·70–3·00; third tertile 2·59, 1·26–5·34; p=0·046), Eggerthella species type 1 (first tertile 1·79, 0·88–3·64; second tertile 2·62, 1·31–5·22; third tertile 1·53, 0·72–3·28; p=0·041), and vaginal Megasphaera species (first tertile 3·15, 1·45–6·81; second tertile 1·43, 0·65–3·14; third tertile 1·32, 0·57–3·05; p=0·038). Interpretation Differences in the vaginal microbial diversity and concentrations of key bacteria were associated with greater risk of HIV acquisition in women. Defining vaginal bacterial taxa associated with HIV risk could point to mechanisms that influence HIV susceptibility and provide important targets for future prevention research. Funding National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Published
2018

18. Uptake and correlates of contraception among postpartum women in Kenya: results from a national cross-sectional survey

Author

Alison L. Drake, John Kinuthia, Norah Obudho, Christine J. McGrath, Grace John-Stewart, Jillian Pintye, Agnes Langat, Jennifer A. Unger, and Dunstan Achwoka

Subjects
Adult, Postnatal Care, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, HIV Infections, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Contraception Behavior, Gynecology, Tubal ligation, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Postpartum Period, HIV, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Kenya, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Confidence interval, Contraception, Cross-Sectional Studies, Reproductive Medicine, Family planning, Family Planning Services, Female, business, Postpartum period
Abstract

Objective The objective was to characterize uptake and correlates of effective contraceptive use postpartum. Study design We analyzed data from a national, cross-sectional evaluation of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs that enrolled women attending 6-week or 9-month infant immunization visits at 120 Kenyan maternal and child health clinics. We classified women who resumed sexual activity postpartum and did not desire a child within 2 years as having a need for family planning (FP). Results We included 955 (94%) of 1012 women 8–10 months postpartum in the analysis. Mean age was 25.8 years and 36% were primigravidas. By 9 months postpartum, 62% of all women used contraception and 59% used effective contraception [injectables, implants, intrauterine devices [IUDs], oral contraceptives [OCs] and tubal ligations]. Most contraceptive users (61%) used injectables, followed by implants (10%), OCs (6%), IUDs (4%) and condoms alone (2%). The majority (n=733, 77%) had a need for FP, and 67% of 733 women with FP need used effective contraception. Among women with a need for FP, effective contraception use was higher among those who discussed FP in postnatal care (PNC) than who did not discuss FP in PNC [prevalence ratio (PR) for PNC alone: 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–1.58; PR for PNC and antenatal care (ANC): 1.42, 95% CI: 1.21–1.67; p=.001 for both]. Conclusions Two thirds of postpartum women with a need for FP used effective contraception at 9 months postpartum, and use was associated with discussing FP during PNC. Implications Integrating FP counseling in ANC/PNC could be an effective strategy to increase effective contraception use.

Published
2018

19. Urgent versus post-stabilisation antiretroviral treatment in hospitalised HIV-infected children in Kenya (PUSH): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Vincent Otieno, Lisa M Cranmer, Cyrus Mugo, Irene N. Njuguna, Joshua E. Stern, Sarah Benki-Nugent, Barbra A. Richardson, Grace John-Stewart, Hellen M Okinyi, and Dalton Wamalwa

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Immunology, Population, HIV Infections, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Virology, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, education, Adverse effect, Survival analysis, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Survival Analysis, 030112 virology, Intention to Treat Analysis, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Child, Preschool, Female, business
Abstract

Summary Background Urgent antiretroviral therapy (ART) among hospitalised HIV-infected children might accelerate recovery or worsen outcomes associated with immune reconstitution. We aimed to compare urgent versus post-stabilisation ART among hospitalised HIV-infected children in Kenya. Methods In this unmasked randomised controlled trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) HIV-infected, ART-naive children aged 0–12 years who were eligible for treatment to receive ART within 48 h (urgent group) or in 7–14 days (post-stabilisation group) at four hospitals in Kenya (two in Nairobi and two in western Kenya). We excluded children with suspected or confirmed CNS infection. A statistician not involved in study procedures did block randomisation with variable block sizes generated using STATA version 12. We followed children for 6 months for primary outcomes: mortality, drug toxicity, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We did all analyses in a modified intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02063880. Findings We began enrolment on April 24, 2013, and completed follow-up on Nov 17, 2015. We enrolled 191 (76%) of 250 hospitalised HIV-infected children. Of these, 183 children were randomly assigned: 90 to urgent ART and 93 to post-stabilisation ART. 181 (99%) of 183 children were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Median age was 1·9 years (IQR 0·8–4·8). Baseline sociodemographic, clinical, and virological characteristics did not differ between groups except median CD4 cell percentage, which was lower in the urgent group (13% [IQR 9–18] vs 17% [IQR 9–24]; p=0·052). Of 181 admission diagnoses, 118 (65%) were pneumonia, 58 (32%) malnutrition, and 27 (15%) suspected tuberculosis. Median time to ART was 1 day (IQR 1–1) in the urgent group and 8 days (IQR 7–11) in the post-stabilisation group. Overall, mortality risk at 6 months was 61 per 100 person-years. Mortality risk did not differ by group (70 per 100 person-years in the urgent group vs 54 per 100 person-years in the post-stabilisation group; hazard ratio [HR] 1·26, 95% CI 0·67–2·37) p=0.47, even after adjusting for baseline CD4 cell percentage (adjusted HR 1·30, 95% CI 0·69–2·45; p=0·41). The incidence of IRIS, and drug toxicity was not significantly different between trial arms. There were no differences between treatment groups in the proportion of grade 3 or 4 adverse events (34 [38%] of 90 children in the urgent group vs 40 [44%] of 91 children in the post-stabilisation group; p=0·40) or the proportion of any change in ART regimen (five [7%] vs six [8%]; p=0·79). We discontinued randomisation at interim review when the futility boundary was crossed. Interpretation Early mortality risk was extremely high among hospitalised HIV-infected children. Urgent ART did not improve survival. Funding National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.

Published
2018

20. Soil organic matter as affected by the conversion of natural tropical rainforest to monoculture rubber plantations under acric ferralsols

Author

Balasubramanian, D., primary, Zhang, Yi-Ping, additional, Grace, John, additional, Sha, Li-Qing, additional, Jin, Yanqiang, additional, Zhou, Li-Guo, additional, Lin, You-Xing, additional, Zhou, Rui-Wu, additional, Gao, Jin-Bo, additional, Song, Qing-Hai, additional, Liu, Yun-Tong, additional, and Zhou, Wen-Jun, additional

Published
2020
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22. Comparison model learning methods for methane emission prediction of reservoirs on a regional field scale: Performance and adaptation of methods with different experimental datasets

Author

Li, Gang, primary, Yang, Meng, additional, Zhang, Yunmo, additional, Grace, John, additional, Lu, Cai, additional, Zeng, Qing, additional, Jia, Yifei, additional, Liu, Yunzhu, additional, Lei, Jialin, additional, Geng, Xuemeng, additional, Wu, Caicong, additional, Lei, Guangchun, additional, and Chen, Ying, additional

Published
2020
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28. Forests buffer thermal fluctuation better than non-forests

Author

Lin, Hua, primary, Tu, Chengyi, additional, Fang, Junyong, additional, Gioli, Beniamino, additional, Loubet, Benjamin, additional, Gruening, Carsten, additional, Zhou, Guoyi, additional, Beringer, Jason, additional, Huang, Jianguo, additional, Dušek, Jiří, additional, Liddell, Michael, additional, Buysse, Pauline, additional, Shi, Peili, additional, Song, Qinghai, additional, Han, Shijie, additional, Magliulo, Vincenzo, additional, Li, Yingnian, additional, and Grace, John, additional

Published
2020
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30. Development and confirmation of a simple procedure to measure solids distribution in fluidized beds using tracer particles

Author

Xu, Yupeng, primary, Li, Tingwen, additional, Lu, Liqiang, additional, Gao, Xi, additional, Tebianian, Sina, additional, Grace, John R., additional, Chaouki, Jamal, additional, Leadbeater, Thomas W., additional, Jafari, Rouzbeh, additional, Parker, David J., additional, Seville, Jonathan, additional, and Ellis, Naoko, additional

Published
2020
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32. Corrigendum to “Environmental and management controls of soil carbon storage in grasslands of southwestern China” [J. Environ. Manag. 254 (15 January 2020) 109810]

Author

Balasubramanian, D., primary, Zhou, Wen-Jun, additional, Ji, Hong-Li, additional, Grace, John, additional, Bai, Xiao-Long, additional, Song, Qing-Hai, additional, Liu, Yun-Tong, additional, Sha, Li-Qing, additional, Fei, Xue-Hai, additional, Zhang, Xiang, additional, Zhao, Jun-Bin, additional, Zhao, Jun-Fu, additional, Tan, Zheng-Hong, additional, and Zhang, Yi-Ping, additional

Published
2020
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35. Environmental and management controls of soil carbon storage in grasslands of southwestern China

Author

Balasubramanian, D., primary, Zhou, Wen-Jun, additional, Ji, Hong-Li, additional, Grace, John, additional, Bai, Xiao-Long, additional, Song, Qing-Hai, additional, Liu, Yun-Tong, additional, Sha, Li-Qing, additional, Fei, Xue-Hai, additional, Zhang, Xiang, additional, Zhao, Jun-Bin, additional, Zhao, Jun-Fu, additional, Tan, Zheng-Hong, additional, and Zhang, Yi-Ping, additional

Published
2020
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39. Soil respiration after six years of continuous drought stress in the tropical rainforest in Southwest China

Author

Zhou, Liguo, primary, Liu, Yuntong, additional, Zhang, Yiping, additional, Sha, Liqing, additional, Song, Qinghai, additional, Zhou, Wenjun, additional, Balasubramanian, D., additional, Palingamoorthy, Gnanamoorthy, additional, Gao, Jinbo, additional, Lin, Youxing, additional, Li, Jing, additional, Zhou, Ruiwu, additional, Zar Myo, Sai Tay, additional, Tang, Xianhui, additional, Zhang, Jin, additional, Zhang, Peng, additional, Wang, Shusen, additional, and Grace, John, additional

Published
2019
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40. CD101 genetic variants modify regulatory and conventional T cell phenotypes and functions

Author

Laura E. Richert-Spuhler, Corinne M. Mar, Paurvi Shinde, Feinan Wu, Ting Hong, Evan Greene, Sharon Hou, Katherine Thomas, Raphael Gottardo, Nelly Mugo, Guy de Bruyn, Connie Celum, Jared M. Baeten, Jairam R. Lingappa, Jennifer M. Lund, Anna Wald, Mary S. Campbell, Lawrence Corey, Robert W. Coombs, James P. Hughes, Amalia Magaret, M. Juliana McElrath, Rhoda Morrow, James I. Mullins, David Coetzee, Kenneth Fife, Edwin Were, Max Essex, Joseph Makhema, Elly Katabira, Allan Ronald, Elizabeth Bukusi, Craig Cohen, Saidi Kapiga, Rachel Manongi, Carey Farquhar, Grace John-Stewart, James Kiarie, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Helen Rees, Glenda Gray, James McIntyre, Nelly Rwamba Mugo, Deborah Donnell, Lisa Frenkel, Craig W. Hendrix, Elioda Tumwesigye, Patrick Ndase, Eliabeth Bukusi, Jonathan Wangisi, James Campbell, and Jordan Tappero

Subjects
Medicine (General), medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, Inflammation, HIV acquisition, Biology, Phenotype, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Proinflammatory cytokine, Transcriptome, R5-920, Cytokine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, immune quiescence, inflammation, CD101, Immunology, medicine, host genetic variation, medicine.symptom, inflammatory homeostasis, Gene
Abstract

Summary We recently reported that the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection is increased significantly by variants in the gene encoding CD101, a protein thought to modify inflammatory responses. Using blood samples from individuals with and without these variants, we demonstrate that CD101 variants modify the prevalence of circulating inflammatory cell types and show that CD101 variants are associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine production by circulating T cells. One category of CD101 variants is associated with a reduced capacity of regulatory T cells to suppress T cell cytokine production, resulting in a reduction in the baseline level of immune quiescence. These data are supported by transcriptomics data revealing alterations in the intrinsic regulation of antiviral pathways and HIV resistance genes in individuals with CD101 variants. Our data support the hypothesis that CD101 contributes to homeostatic regulation of bystander inflammation, with CD101 variants altering heterosexual HIV-1 acquisition by facilitating increased prevalence and altered function of T cell subsets., Graphical abstract, Highlights Circulating immune cell frequencies are modified in individuals with CD101 variants CD101 variants are associated with increased proinflammatory T cell function Individuals with a particular CD101 variant have reduced Treg cell suppression capacity CD101 contributes to regulation of inflammation at steady state, Genetic variation in CD101 is associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition, but the mechanism linking the genotype and observed phenotype has not been established. Richert-Spuhler et al. demonstrate an immunologic link by uncovering an association between these CD101 variants and homeostatic regulation of inflammation.

Published
2021

41. The association between cervical cytokines and HIV acquisition in pregnant and postpartum women

Author

Bingjie Wang, Daniel Matemo, John Kinuthia, Michelle C Sabo, Jillian Pintye, Susan M. Graham, Lusi Osborn, Grace John-Stewart, Alison L. Drake, Julie Overbaugh, B.A. Richardson, and Dara A. Lehman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Obstetrics, business.industry, medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiv acquisition, business, Association (psychology)
Published
2019

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