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The potential for ecdysone metabolism was determined for various larval tissues of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Homogenates of fat body, midguts, and Malpighian tubules, taken on different days during the second half of the fifth instar, were incubated with [3H]ecdysone, and the products were analyzed by reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLC. All tissues showed conversion to 20-hydroxyecdysone, and midguts also produced 3-epiecdysone. Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E20MO) activity in the fat body increased from a low level on day 5 to a peak on day 11, coinciding with the peak in the hemolymph ecdysteroid titer on the penultimate day of the instar. Midguts and Malpighian tubules showed E20MO activity only during the last 3 or 4 days of the instar, with the highest activity also occurring on the penultimate day. For the midguts, the appearance of the E20MO coincided with the transition from larval to pupal tissue. No activity was detected in larval midguts. 3-Epiecdysone formation, however, was mainly found in larval midguts, with only marginal activity detectable in pupal midguts.

Five enzyme activities in midgut cytosol of Manduca sexta last instar larvae are potentially involved in the interconversion of 3β-hydroxyecdysteroids, 3-oxoecdysteroids, and 3α-hydroxyecdysteroids. A Sephadex G-25-filtered high-speed supernatant was used to determine some of the characteristics of the corresponding enzymes. The pH optima of ecdysone oxidase and NADH-dependent 3-oxoecdysteroid 3α-reductase were 7.5, the pH of the midgut cytosol was 7.9. The apparent kinetic parameters for the NADH-dependent 3α-reductase were Km (for NADH) = 80.8 ± 10.8 μM and Vmax = 0.58 ± 0.30 nmol/min/mg protein, and for the NADPH-dependent 3-oxoecdysteroid 3β-reductase, Km (for NADPH) = 19.3 ± 2.5 μM and Vmax = 4.39 ± 0.40 nmol/min/mg protein. NAD+ and NADP+ inhibited the enzymatic 3-oxoecdysteroid reductions, but the reactions were not reversible (i.e. no conversion of ecdysone or 3-epiecdysone to 3-dehydroecdysone). Sodium chloride (0.2 M) inhibited the 3α-reductase activity with NADH and strongly increased the 3α-reductase activity with NADPH.