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Based on sliding mode extended state observer (SMESO) technique, an adaptive disturbance compensation finite control set optimal control (FCS-OC) strategy is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system driven by voltage source inverter (VSI). So as to improve robustness of finite control set optimal control strategy, a SMESO is proposed to estimate the output-effect disturbance. The estimated value is fed back to finite control set optimal controller for implementing disturbance compensation. It is indicated through theoretical analysis that the designed SMESO could converge in finite time. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed adaptive disturbance compensation FCS-OC possesses better dynamical response behavior in the presence of disturbance.

Backgrounds and aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in degenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). α-synuclein expression is strong associated with the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, we investigated whether the regulation of α-synuclein expression by miR-214 is the potential mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of Resveratrol. Methods The PD mouse model was established with the injection of MPTP (1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, was administrated with MPP+. Results The midbrain of PD mice and MPP+ treated SH-SY5Y cells had the lower expression levels of miR-214 and higher mRNA and protein expression of α-synuclein, which were reversed by Resveratrol administration. MiR-214 mimic down-regulated expression of α-synuclein and its 3′-UTR activity, while the levels were up-regulated by miR-214 inhibitor. In addition, the cell viability, elevated by Resveratrol, was also decreased by miR-214 inhibitor or overexpressed α-synuclein. In vivo , miR-214 inhibitor down-regulated TH+ cells of ipsilateral and up-regulated α-synuclein expression compared with the group treated with Resveratrol. Conclusion The loss of miR-214 in PD resulted in the increase of α-synuclein expression, which was the potential mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of Resveratrol.