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Four new terpenoids, nemoralisins D-G (1-4), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Aphanamixis grandifolia, along with two known diterpenoids, nemoralisin C and nemoralisin. Among them, compound 1 is the first example of norsesquiterpenoid with delta-lactone moiety, and nemoralisins E-G (2-4), are a class of acyclic diterpenoids, which are structurally related nemoralisin C and nemoralisin. These structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparison of quantum chemical TDDFT calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Nemoralisins D-G (1-4) were tested for their cytotoxicities on HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 human tumor cell lines (IC50 > 40 mu M), as well as the antimicrobial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA92(#) and MRSA98(#) (MIC > 50 mu g/mL). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Six diterpene alkaloids with an atisine-type C-20-skeleton isolated from the Chinese herbal medicines Spiraea japonica var. acuta and S. japonica var. ovalifolia, as well as eight derivatives of spiramine C and spiradine F were evaluated for the ability to inhibit aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid, ADP, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in vitro. The results showed that 12 of the 14 atisine-type diterpene alkaloids significantly inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on ADP- or arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, exhibiting a selective inhibition. It is the first report that C-20-diterpene alkaloids inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation. However, spiramine C1 concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by PAF, ADP and arachidonic acid with IC50 values of 30.5 +/- 2.7, 56.8 +/- 8.4 and 29.9 +/- 9.9 muM, respectively, suggesting a non-selective antiplatelet aggregation action. The inhibitory effect of spiramine C1 on arachidonic acid was as potent as that of aspirin. Primary studies of the structure-activity relationships for inhibition of PAF-induced aggregation showed that the oxygen substitution at the C-15 position and the presence of an oxazolidine ring in spiramine alkaloids were essential to their antiplatelet aggregation effects. These results suggest that the atisine-type alkaloids isolated from S. japonica are a class of novel antiplatelet aggregation agents. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved.