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We sequenced the mitogenomes of Astictopterus jama, Isoteinon lamprospilus and Notocrypta curvifascia to obtain further insight into the mitogenomic architecture evolution and performed phylogenetic reconstruction using 29 Hesperiidae mitogenome sequences. The complete mitogenome sequences of A. jama, I. lamprospilus and N. curvifascia are 15,430, 15,430 and 15,546 bp in size, respectively. All contain 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes , 22 transfer RNA genes , and an A + T-rich region. Nucleotide composition is A + T biased, and the majority of the protein-coding genes exhibit a negative AT-skew, which is reflected in the nucleotide composition, codon , and amino acid usage. The A + T-rich region is comprised of nonrepetitive sequences, including the motif ATAGA followed by a poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like element next to the ATTTA motif, and a poly-A adjacent to tRNAs. Although most genes evolve under a strong purifying selection , the entire nad gene family (especially nad6) exhibits somewhat relaxed purifying selection, and atp8, evolving under a highly relaxed selection, is an outlier in the family Hesperiidae. Several different approaches relatively consistently indicated that nad6, atp8 and nad4 are comparatively fast-evolving genes in this family, which may have implications for future phylogenetic, population genetics and species diagnostics studies. For phylogenetic analyses of Hesperiidae, we tested a few datasets, and found that the one comprising all 37 genes produced the highest node support, indicating that the inclusion of RNAs improves the phylogenetic signal. Results indicate that subfamilies Euschemoninae, Heteropterinae, and Coeliadinae are monophyletic with strong nodal support, but Pyrginae and Eudaminae are paraphyletic. Finally, we confirm that A. jama and I. lamprospilus are close relatives.

Video Video 1 Endoscopic submucosal dissection using the SOUTEN snare (SOUTEN-ESD) procedure. By adjusting the working length of the knife according to the situation, the SOUTEN snare achieve a good balance between safety and efficiency.

The phylogenetic relationships of the nymphalid butterfly tribe Limenitidini are best known for the genera Limenitis and Adelpha, model taxa for evolutionary processes such as Batesian mimicry and rapid adaptive radiations. Whereas these American limenitidines have received the most attention, phylogenetic relationships of their Asian relatives are still controversial and largely unexplored. Even one of the largest genera in Asia, Athyma, is polyphyletic. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships of these Asian Limenitidini, a total of 53 representatives were sampled; 37 have their mitogenomes sequenced for the first time. Our phylogenetic results confirm that mitogenomic data provides well-resolved relationships at most major levels of the phylogeny, even using different partition schemes or different inference methods. Interestingly, our results show that some Athyma taxa are embedded within the genus Limenitis, whereas the genus Tacola, previously considered to be a synonym of Athyma, needs to be recognized as a valid clade. Additionally, the other Limenitidini genera in Asia (namely Tarattia, Litinga, Sumalia, Pandita and Patsuia) are now grouped either within Athyma or Limenitis, so these genera need to be sunk. Importantly, we also show that the mainly Old World Limenitis and entirely New World Adelpha are sister groups, confirming the relevance of Asian lineages to global studies of Limenitis evolution.

V 2 O 5 crystal has been simulated by means of molecular dynamics calculational method. A new simple interatomic potential model for the crystal was developed so that the crystal structure remains quite stable for all the simulation time steps. The averaged distribution of O–V–O bond angles in the simulation was compared with the experimental data. Finally, the model was applied to simulate the diffusion dynamics of oxygen atoms in the crystal.

Tu1696 Safety of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Esophageal Cancer in Elderly Patients Akiko Ono*, Ken Ohata, Takafumi Ito, Hideyuki Chiba, Yosuke Tsuji, Nobuyuki Matsuhashi Gastroenterology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan Background and Aims: Endoscopic submucosal Dissection (ESD) is an noninvasive treatment for early esophageal cancer. With increasing elderly population, the number of those who need esophageal ESD has increased. However, the safety of ESD for elderly patient is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment outcome and evaluate the safety of ESD in patients over 75 years old. Methods: Between July 2007 and February 2011, 149 patients underwent esophageal ESD for early esophageal cancer in NTT Medical Center Tokyo. 29 patients were 75 y.o. or over (group A), and 120 patients were under 75 y.o. (group B). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of each group to analyze age, underlying disease, pathological findings, complete en-bloc resection rate, size of resected tumor and specimen, operation time, length of hospital stay and complications (bleeding, perforation, fever above 38 degrees, pneumonia, infection requiring antibiotics, and hypoxemia after ESD). Results: The rate of subjects with underlying diseases was significantly higher in group A than in group B (A/B:18/36 P 0.002). Complete en-bloc resection rate was 100% in both groups. The size of the tumor (A/B:26.6/20.8mm) and the specimen (A/B:39.6/36.0mm) and operation time (A/B:68.1/60min) did not differ significantly between A and B. Complications including bleeding (A/B:0/0%), perforation (A/B:10/3.3%), fever above 38 degrees (A/B:10.3/14.2%), pneumonia(A/B:3.5/0.8%), infection requiring antibiotics (A/B:13.8/8.3%), hypoxemia after ESD(A/B:6.9/3.3%), the total length of hospital stay (A/B:7.3/ 7.6days) did not differ significantly between A and B. During follow up period (average 34 months,range:9-52), no patients died of esophageal cancer, but death for the other disease (1 cancer of other organ in each group, 1 rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm in group A) occurred more frequently in group A. Concerning histological tumor invasion depth, 3 (10.3%) and 31 cases (25.8%) were MM/SM1/SM2 in group A and B (2/1/0 and 16/1/4 in A and B, respectively). AT was not performed for EP-LPM cases. In group A, 1 case with lymphovascular invasion among the 2MM cases underwent radiotherapy (RT), and the remaining 2 cases (MM/SM:1/1) were followed up without AT. In group B, 1 case among the 16MM cases was treated by RT, and another case was treated by chemoradiation therapy (CRT). 14 cases were followed up without AT.1 and 4 patients among the 5 SM1/SM2 cases underwent CRT and thoracoscopic surgery, respectively. All cases except for the 3 cases dead from other diseases are alive without recurrence. Conclusions: Though elderly patients have more underlying disease, the treatment outcome and complications of esophageal ESD in elderly patient were not significantly different from those in younger patients. Esophageal ESD in elderly patients can be safe and effective. Tu1697 Can the Gastric ESD Be Improved Further? A Review of Outcomes of a High Volume Institution With More Than Ten Years and Thousand Cases Experience Atsushi Hoshino*, Kazuki Sumiyama, Akira Dobashi, Tomohiko R. Ohya, Noboru Yoshimura, Hirobumi Toyoizumi, Kenichi Goda, Tomohiro Kato, Seiji Arihiro, Hisao Tajiri Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei Univesity School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei Univesity School of Medicine, minatoku, Tokyo, Japan Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows us to radically remove mucosal-based lesions as en bloc regardless of lesion size. To date, the technique and the instrumentation have been steadily improved. Thereby, ESD is now recognized as a first-line therapeutic option for early stage gastric cancer in Japan. However, due to procedural challenges currently associated with ESD, the technique is only performed in some East Asian countries and at few restricted academic centers in Western countries. Further technical improvement is still imperative to gain the international acceptance of the procedure. However, it is unclear if the technique still leaves room for sophistication or has been already reached a plateau of the improvement after a large volume of clinical experiences. Aims: To investigate if the ESD technique could have been still improved at a high volume center with over ten years experience of ESD. Methods: Medical records and endoscopic findings of all patients who underwent gastric ESD at Jikei University hospital from Feb 2000 to May 2011 were reviewed (n 1009). The operation time, the tumor and the specimen sizes, the pathology, the en bloc resection rate, and the rate of perforation in recent 7 years (from Apr 2004 to Mar 2011) were analyzed separately for the earlier 2 yrs (n 221) and the later 5 yrs periods (n 683). The data in the later period were also yearly compared (chronologically subdivided into phase 1 to 5). Results: Overall, 840 eligible patients (213/627, earlier/later) were analyzed. The operation time of ESD has been steadily shortened thorough the entire study periods (Table 1). There were significant differences in the operation time between the earlier and the later periods (mean: 83.56/62min), and also phase 1 (mean: 70.98min, n 109) and phase 5 (mean: 41.82 min, n 114), phase 2 (mean: 70.98min, n 142) and phase 3 (mean: 70.98min, n 143), and phase 4 (mean: 70.98 min, n 114) and phase 5 in the later period (p 0.05). There were no significant differences in patients’ backgrounds and other measurements between the groups. Conclusions: The technical developments in ESD enabled the operation time to be consistently hastened in these 7 years in our institution and this trend is still under way. However, factors which had a greater contribution to the favorable outcome, are yet to be investigated.