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Recently, the need for a more efficient method for ship route planning was raised due to the financial crisis in the shipping industry, a strengthening of emission regulations, and the limitations of the existing methods. So far, numerous ship route planning methods have been developed, but most of them do not correctly reflect the effect of a change of the ship speed in the path-determination stage. For this study, a ship route planning problem was formulated as an optimization problem. To solve this, a method for a simultaneous determination of the path and the speed of a ship is proposed. To check the efficiency and the applicability of the proposed method, sensitivity analyses and a comparative test regarding some other methods was performed. The proposed method was applied to various examples of ship route planning and the results show that the proposed method can reduce the total fuel consumption compared with the other methods.

Careful planning of operations is critical to success of the closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) surgery to fix proximal femur fractures. This paper presents a novel surgery planning simulation for the CRIF. The developed simulation employs 3D femur model reconstructed from actual patient's CT data, and enables the user to make a plan on the model using 2D mouse. A projection scheme is developed to map a selected point on the monitor screen onto the 3D femur model. A centerline of the femur neck and cross section images are provided to help the user make optimal planning. The centerline of the femur neck is extracted by connecting two center points of cross sections selected by the surgeon. The cross section image is generated using intersection points between the femur model and a plane selected by the user. The simulation also displays post-operative appearance of the femur using 3D implants models.