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A unique nanocomposite of FeCo-NSCC (means FeCo nanoalloy anchored on N, S co-doped carbonaceous composite) is obtained by one-pot pyrolysis using mixed natural wool fibers, dicyandiamide and the corresponding metal salts. The FeCo-NSCC has a higher degree of graphitization and a high specific surface area of 359 m

The karyopherin α2 subunit gene (KPNA2), an oncogene, is involved in metabolic reprogramming in cancer. This study aimed to explore the function of KPNα2 in the growth and glycolysis in colon cancer (CC) cells. Genes from the Oncomine database that were differentially expressed in multiple CC types were screened. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that KPNA2 was highly expressed in CC, and consequently, high expression of KPNA2 was detected in the CC cell lines. Down-regulation of KPNA2 reduced viability and DNA-replication ability, and increased apoptosis of HCT116 and LoVo cells. It also reduced glucose consumption, extracellular acidification rate, and the ATP production in cells. Centromere protein A (CENPA) was confirmed as an upstream transcription activator of KPNA2. There was significant H3K27ac modification in the promoter region of KPNA2. CENPA primarily recruited histone acetyltransferase general control of amino acid synthesis (GCN)-5 to the promoter region of KPNA2 to induce transcription activation. Overexpression of either CENPA or GCN-5 blocked the role of short hairpin KPNα2 and restored growth and glycolysis in CC cells. To conclude, the findings from this study suggest that CENPA recruits GCN-5 to the promoter region of KPNA2 to induce KPNα2 activation, which strengthens growth and glycolysis in, and augments the development of, CC.

For over 50 years, gas flows have usually been investigated in computational fluid dynamics by using the Navier–Stokes–Fourier framework. Unfortunately, Navier–Stokes–Fourier fails to describe non-equilibrium states. To fill this gap, we give a thermodynamically consistent generalized hydrodynamic theory to develop a unified framework for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium gas flows. The critical step is that we extend the linear Rayleigh–Onsager dissipation to highly nonlinear dissipation to treat nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics. This extension fulfils the positive entropy generation criterion. The solutions of the generalized hydrodynamic theory are compared with experimental and/or particle-based direct simulation Monte Carlo data of the characteristic equilibrium and nonequilibrium gas flows. Good agreement is observed, as expected. The significance of this study is that it provides a unified framework for modelling nonequilibrium and equilibrium gas flows.

Nymphoides peltatum (NP) is exploited as a novel feedstock for biomethane production via anaerobic co-digestion with waste sludge (WS). Batch experiments are conducted under mesophilic condition at NP/WS of 1/3, 2/2, 3/1, 0/4 and 4/0 based on volatile solids (VS). Prior to anaerobic digestion (AD), NP undergoes only natural drying and grinding. The maximum net cumulative methane yield (265.16 mL CH4·g VSadded−1) and the highest gross VS removal rate (56.12%) are obtained at NP/WS of 1/3. The kinetic analysis by the modified Gompertz model fit hinted that 28 days is adequate for methane recovery and co-digestion significantly accelerates the digestion rate. Synergetic effect is corroborated to exist in co-digestion due to amiable conditions in term of total ammonia nitrogen, free ammonia, pH, volatile fatty acids and total alkalinity. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing reveals that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta are conducive to AD of NP.

Expanding the interlayer spacing of the Ti3C2Tx MXene structure is realized by intercalation of ethylenediamine (EDA), which is anchored on the surface of Ti3C2Tx sheets by one side amino groups with N–Ti coordination bonds. The EDA-Ti3C2Tx intercalation compound has a high specific surface area of 59.2 m2 g−1 with mainly mesopores. The EDA-Ti3C2Tx possesses the low charge transfer resistances of ∼0.32/0.28 Ω in 1/3 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolytes, respectively. A large specific capacitance of 486.2 F g−1 (1312.7 F cm−3) is obtained for EDA-Ti3C2Tx at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1 in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, showing its high capacitance property. A good specific capacitance of 249.4 F g−1 (673.4 F cm−3) is retained at larger scan rate of 100 mV s−1, indicating its significantly high rate capability. Higher specific capacitances of 563.3 (1520.9), 522.1 (1409.7), 485.1 (1309.8), 436.2 (1177.7), 356.2 (961.7) and 290.6 F g−1 (784.6 F cm−3) are achieved for EDA-Ti3C2Tx at the scan rates of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mV s−1, respectively, in 3 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The cyclic retention of EDA-Ti3C2Tx after 10,000 cycles reaches 89.7% at 10 A g−1 in 3 M H2SO4 electrolyte, showing the excellent cyclic stability.

A novel upper-rim functionalized calix[4]squaramide organocatalyst bearing bis-squaramide and cyclohexanediamine scaffolds was designed and prepared to catalyse a serial of asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in high yields (up to 99 %) and good to excellent enantiomeric excesses (up to 99% ee). The comparative experiments indicated that the cooperative effect between calixarenes cavitives and chiral catalytic centers on this calix[4]squaramide catalyst could promote these reactions. Moreover, this strategy also provides valuable and easy access to chiral chromene, naphthoquinone and acetylacetone derivatives, which are important skeletons in biological and pharmaceutical compounds.

Most high-order methods often suffer from two- and three-dimensional unstructured grids, particularly, for supersonic and hypersonic gas flows. We applied a high-order mixed-modal discontinuous Galerkin method with a coupled slope limiter to investigate multidimensional cases of supersonic and hypersonic gas flows. Furthermore, we provide detailed implementations and validations of two- and three-dimensional problems. Examples include double Mach reflection problems and supersonic and hypersonic gas flows around a cylinder. In addition, we provide case studies of a 3D hypersonic vehicle to evaluate its computational performance on complex hypersonic gas flows. This study can be regarded as an attempt to apply the discontinuous Galerkin method to engineering problems.