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A novel nonlinear time-varying model termed as the fuzzy parameter varying (FPV) system is proposed in this research, which inherits both advantages of the conventional T-S fuzzy system in dealing with nonlinear plants and strengths of the linear parameter varying (LPV) system in handling time-varying features. It is, therefore, an attractive mathematical model to efficiently approximate a nonlinear time-varying plant or to serve as a type of time-varying controller. Using the full block S-procedure, sufficient stability conditions have been derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to test quadratic stability of the open-loop FPV system. Moreover, sufficient conditions have been derived on synthesizing both state feedback and dynamical output feedback fuzzy gain-scheduling controllers that can stabilize the FPV system. An inverted pendulum with a variable length pole is utilized to demonstrate advantages of the FPV system compared to the conventional T-S fuzzy system in representing a practical time-varying nonlinear plant and to validate the controller synthesis conditions.

The problem of time-varying reliable H ∞ filtering for a class of discrete-time semi-Markov jump systems (S-MJSs) over a lossy network is considered in this paper. The communication channels between the system and the filter are supposed to be unreliable, which lead to the existences of randomly occurring sensor nonlinearities and imperfect transmission. Based on the semi-Markov kernel (SMK) method and stochastic analysis technique, some mode-dependent sufficient conditions are derived and time-varying reliable filters are designed, which guarantee that the filtering error system is σ -error mean square stable with an H ∞ performance index. Two numerical examples are given to show the usefulness of proposed filter design method.

Unveiling the pore-size performance of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is imperative for controllable design of sophisticated catalysts. Herein, UiO-66 with distinct macropores and mesopores were intentionally created and served as substrates to create advanced CdS/UiO-66 catalysts. The pore size impacted the spatial distribution of CdS nanoparticles (NPs): CdS tended to deposit on the external surface of mesoporous UiO-66, but spontaneously penetrated into the large cavity of macroporous UiO-66 nanocage. Normalized to unit amount of CdS, the photocatalytic reaction constant of macroporous CdS/UiO-66 over 4-nitroaniline reduction was ∼3 folds of that of mesoporous counterpart, and outperformed many other reported state-of-art CdS-based catalysts. A confinement effect of CdS NPs within UiO-66 cage could respond for its high activity, which could shorten the electron-transport distance of NPs-MOFs-reactant, and protect the active CdS NPs from photocorrosion. The finding here provides a straightforward paradigm and mechanism to rationally fabricate advance NPs/MOFs for diverse applications.

The tumor microenvironment is a complex system that plays a vital role in proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In this work, an oxygen concentration gradient microfluidic chip was designed to construct an in vitro model of tumor hypoxic microenvironment. The microfluidic chip was composed of two parts, one was a serpentine-shape channel for hypoxia reagent mix to generate oxygen gradient, the other part contained three parallel channels for the co-culture of cancer cells (Heap1-6 cells) and hepatic stellate cells (JS-1 cells). Using the microfluidic chip, oxygen gradient was created under the culture condition to simulate hypoxic tumor microenvironment in vivo. In the hypoxic gradient environment, the drug resistance of Hepa1-6 cells to paclitaxel and tirapazamine (TPZ) was studied and the potential molecular mechanism was supposed. The results showed that the concentration of oxygen gradient ranged from 2.3% to 16.7%. Under this hypoxic condition, the viability of co-cultured Hepa1-6 cells decreased significantly under TPZ intervention, while the Hepa1-6 cells expressed resistance to paclitaxel. The results of immunofluorescence assay showed that hypoxia and co-culture condition could promote the expression of TIMP-1 and TGF-β, which induced the activation of JS-1 cell and further enhanced the drug resistance of Hepa1-6 cell to paclitaxel.

Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) into coal seams and shale gas reservoirs have the benefits of CO2 storage as well as enhanced gas recovery. However, the coal or shale swelling during CO2 enhanced methane (CH4) production significantly reduces the gas injection and production rate. In this work, the CH4 and CO2 adsorption-induced deformation of carbon slit pores as representative of coal and shale nanopores was studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. We focused on the strain difference by comparing the CO2 and CH4 adsorption-induced deformation of pores with various widths. The effect of each pore width on the bulk swelling was analyzed under different pressures and temperatures. The results showed that the strain difference between CO2 and CH4 at different conditions oscillates with a damped amplitude as the pore width increases, which can be positive or negative indicating pore swelling or contraction when CH4 is displaced by CO2. The maximum swelling occurs among the pores inaccessible to CH4 but accessible to CO2 molecules and the contracting pores contribute negatively to the bulk swelling. Furthermore, this study provided fundamental adsorption induced strain of each pore width for predicting the bulk deformation during CO2 enhanced CH4 production when the coal or shale pore size distribution is known.

The adsorption of benzene (B), toluene (T), and p-xylene (X) at ambient temperature in carbon slit pores was studied using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. We focused on how the structure of the adsorbed B, T, and X molecules is influenced by pore size, in particular the effects of the methyl groups in the cases of toluene and p-xylene. The packing density of the compounds in the pores was found to follow the order B

In this paper we aimed to figure out an effective platform for generating gradients of three or more substances and designed an original microfluidic network with circular shape controlling diffusive mixing of fluids. The generated gradients were calculated by a theoretical treatment using a CFD model and verified in the fluorescence experiments, certifying that they maintained a spatially and temporally stable linearity under the flow rate of 2 μL/min. Finally, we applied the platform for generating gradients on study of the drug synergism. 5-fluorouracil and tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) were used for biological applicability via stimulation of single or multidrug combination on A549 cells. Consistent with the traditional MTT assays, both of the two drugs inhibited the cancer cell growth effectively and the IC50 values of 5-fluorouracil and Tan IIA were 20.37 and 44.78 mg/L, while their combination was superior. This microfluidic network is a simple and reliable platform as a gradient generator for investigating the possible combination of multiple drug candidates and their optimum dosage.

In a Fisher market, the market maker sells m products to n potential agents. The agents submit their utility functions and money endowments to the market maker, who, upon receiving submitted information, derives market equilibrium prices and allocations of the products. Agents are self-interested entities who wish to maximize their utility, and they may misreport their private information for this purpose. The incentive ratio characterizes the extent to which strategic plays can increase an agent's utility. While agents do benefit by misreporting their private information, we show that the ratio of improvement by a unilateral strategic play is no more than two in markets with gross substitute utilities for the agents. Moreover, it can be pinned down to e 1/e≈1.445 in Cobb-Douglas markets. For the Leontief markets in which products are complementary, we show that the incentive ratio is at most two as well.

With the sharp growth of non-fullerene acceptors, it is still challenging to develop new polymer donors for highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). Here, a series of metallated terpolymer donors PM6Irx (x = 1%, 3%, 5%) are synthesized by incorporating a new iridium complex, named M1, into the backbone of the state-of-the-art polymer PM6. The M1 shows a strong absorption in the visible region, which is beneficial to enhance photon harvesting in the active layer. The PM6Ir1:Y6 based PSCs exhibit the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.71% with short-circuit current density (JSC) of 26.16 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.848 V and fill factor (FF) of 75.33%. A PCE improvement of about 7% is achieved compared with PM6Ir0:Y6 based control device with PCE of 15.65%, which is due to the markedly increased JSC and FF. The introduction of a moderate amount of M1 enhances the photon harvesting, triplet excitons and lifetime, charge mobility as well as optimizes the active layer morphology. This work indicates that iridium complexes with strong absorption in the visible region have a great potential to promote the photovoltaic performance.

We have previously verified that neonatal hepatitis B vaccination induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and behavior impairments in mice. However, the exact mechanism of these effects remain unclear. In this study, we observed that neonatal hepatitis B vaccination induced an anti-inflammatory cytokine response lasting for 4–5 weeks in both the serum and the hippocampus, primarily indicated by elevated IL-4 levels. Three weeks after the vaccination schedule, however, hepatitis B vaccine (HBV)-mice showed delayed hippocampal neuroinflammation. In periphery, IL-4 is the major cytokine induced by this vaccine. Correlation analyses showed a positive relationship in the IL-4 levels between serum and hippocampus in HBV-mice. Thus, we investigated whether neonatal over-exposure to systemic IL-4 influences brain and behavior. We observed that mice injected intraperitoneally with recombinant mouse IL-4 (mIL-4) during early life had similar neuroinflammation and cognition impairment similar to those induced by neonatal hepatitis B vaccination. Next, the mechanism underlying the effects of IL-4 on brain in mice was explored using a series of experiments. In brief, these experiments showed that IL-4 mediates the delayed neurobehavioral impairments induced by neonatal hepatitis B vaccination, which involves the permeability of neonatal blood–brain barrier and the down-regulation of IL-4 receptor. This finding suggests that clinical events concerning neonatal IL-4 over-exposure, including neonatal hepatitis B vaccination and allergic asthma in human infants, may have adverse implications for brain development and cognition.

Curcumin, one of the most precious pharmacologically relevant natural products, has gained considerable attention among scientists for decades because of its multi-pharmacological activities in the clinical. However, critical studies on its pharmacological and toxicological activities are needed to understand how this compound can have these biological functions considering its poor oral bioavailability and the low plasma concentration. Moreover, curcumin undergoes extensive and rapid metabolism in vivo, indicating that the pharmacological activity of consuming curcumin might be mediated partly by its metabolites. And as one of the major curcumin metabolites, hexahydrocurcumin (HHC), exhibits similar or more potent bioactivity than curcumin by in vitro and in vivo studies, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and cardiovascular protective properties, which may provide important information for us to have a profound comprehension of the effectiveness of curcumin. This review mainly summarizes the current knowledge and underlying molecular mechanisms of the biological activities of HHC and its potential effects on the development of various human diseases.

Certain types of machine processing create the most value for the factory, comparing with other part of manufacturing process. This means machines are key components creating major profit for factories. In order to collect the real –time data from machines economically, Internet of Things (IoT) enabled real-time machine management platform is introduced. The real-time machine management platform is designed to base on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This platform can capture real-time data of raw material, manufacturing machine and workers. In order to make our platform more in line with the characteristics of New Zealand local manufacturing and has more potential commercial value and research value, a survey with a purpose of knowing the status was designed. The results of this survey show some problems of New Zealand local manufacturing enterprises, which are significant for guiding the industry for making full use of cutting-edge technologies to design the machine management platform in the near future.

Coloring the surface of metallic glasses (MGs) would be beneficial to their industrial and commercial applications. In this study, by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation in ambient atmosphere, four kinds of surface color were successfully achieved for a typical Zr-based MG. All these four colorated MG surfaces mainly included two kinds of microstructures, i.e., the laser scanning tracks and micro/nanoscale particles. The chemical compositions of these four laser-irradiated surfaces were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that kinds of oxides were formed on the irradiated surfaces. According to the XRD, EDS and XPS results, the cross-sectional characteristics as well as the comparative experiments in argon atmosphere, the surface color could be attributed to the interference of oxide films with different thicknesses. This study provides a simple and low-cost method for coloring MGs, which is expected to broaden their functional applications.

Three new donor-acceptor (D-A) chromophores decorated with bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group as acceptor and bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amine as donor unit, namely 1,4-naphthyl-CF3 (1), 1,5-naphthyl-CF3 (2) and Ph-CF3 (3), were designed and synthesized. Their photophysical and electrochemical characteristics, and corresponding theoretical calculations were investigated. They showed blue emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY). Doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on them were fabricated, which exhibited strong blue electroluminescence with emission peaks at 453, 446 and 440 nm and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 69, 65 and 65 nm, respectively. Their Commission International del'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates correspond to (0.169, 0.158), (0.176, 0.134) and (0.163, 0.099). Besides, the maximum current efficiencies (CEs) of 2.8, 5.0 and 4.9 cd A−1; power efficiencies (PEs) of 2.9, 5.4 and 5.2 lm W−1; external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 2.3, 2.3 and 3.4% were achieved for 1,4-naphthyl-CF3 (1), 1,5-naphthyl-CF3 (2) and Ph-CF3 (3) doped devices D1, D2 and D3, respectively. This study clearly showed that the optoelectronic properties of these organic small molecules can be regulated by rational design of molecular structures, and their emission wavelengths could be finely tuned within the blue region.

The building sector accounts for the largest proportion of global carbon emissions. The implementation of a market-based emission trading scheme offers a wider range of strategic choices and greater flexibility for building owners to reduce carbon emissions, but few of them are enthusiastic and actively engaged. To address the problem, this study explores how governments can effectively guide the carbon mitigation actions of building owners under an emission trading scheme (ETS) by continually adjusting and optimizing their regulation strategies. First, an extended evolutionary game model is built, considering the synergistic effect of multiple regulation policies, to theoretically depict the long-term interactive, extensive correlative, and dynamic feedback relationship between the government and building owners. Second, taking advantage of system dynamics as a policy laboratory, a scenario cultivation and simulation analysis is conducted to fully investigate the implementation effects of different regulation strategies based on the behavioral responses of building owners under different scenarios. The city of Shenzhen is a pioneer in covering the building sector in its carbon trading scheme in China, and its hotels above four stars are selected as the realistic setting for the simulation analysis. The results demonstrate that under the emission trading scheme, compared with increasing levels of carbon monitoring and non-financial incentives for building owners, intervention measures, including penalties, subsidies, and public scrutiny, are more efficient and important for the government. These findings provide important theoretical guidance and practical implications for the government to further adjust and optimize its carbon regulation strategies for the building sector.

A wealth of evidence indicate that the peripheral immune activation alters brain development. However, it is still largely unclear whether and how peripheral immunosuppression affects neurodevelopment. Here, we found that the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) decreased the number of BrdU+, BrdU+/DCX+, BrdU+/NeuN + cells in the hippocampus, impaired learning and memory and inhibited protein levels of the shh signaling pathway, including Shh, Smo and Gli1. However, the shh pathway receptor agonist SAG could block the impairment of cognitive ability and the decrease of hippocampal neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level induced by CsA. We also found that CsA decreased the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), while up-regulation of IFN-γ altered the inhibitory effect of the shh signaling pathway and the decrease of BDNF induced by CsA. Collectively, these data indicate that peripheral CsA impairs neurogenesis and cognition in brain development through downregulating the IFN-γ-Shh-BDNF pathway. The present study guides us to correctly apply immunomodulatory drugs in early life and suggests that the IFN-γ-Shh-BDNF pathway may represent a novel protective target for neurodevelopment under the condition of immunosuppression.

Determination of folic acid and riboflavin in biological samples is difficult due to their high polarity, low concentration, chemical instability, and complex matrix. In this study, the polypyrrole-coated magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@PPy) was synthesized innovatively with the assistance of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. To evaluate the adsorption mechanism and the feasibility of synthesized Fe3O4@PPy as an adsorbent, the adsorption capacities, kinetics and thermodynamics of folic acid and riboflavin were investigated systemically. Furthermore, in light of the chemical instability of folic acid and riboflavin a method for rapid extraction and detection of them from human urine within 10 min was developed successfully by combining magnetic solid phase extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (MSPE/UPLC). The adsorption parameters including sorbent amount, pH value, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time were studied. Under optimum conditions, the performance of the established determination method was validated with the linearly dependent coefficients (>0.9995), the limits of detection (0.02–0.05 µg/mL), the limits of quantification (0.07–0.18 µg/mL), and the recoveries (92.2–105.1%, with relative standard deviation

In this research, the inclusion complexes of Chimonanthus Praecox extract (CPE) with cyclodextrins (CDs) were prepared. The samples before and after encapsulation were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS and the variation in the contents of each identified bioactive compound were visualized in the heat maps. It was found that β-CD have selective inclusion capacity to flavonoids. Moreover, encapsulation with CDs could significantly improve the antioxidant activity and thermal stability of CPE, enabling application of Chimonanthus Praecox extract as natural antioxidants and/or food additive especially when expected to be thermally processed. Therefore, encapsulation with CDs was a promising way in further application of bioactive compounds in plants. Additionally, this study gives new insight into the inclusion behavior between the complicated guests and different hosts, which provided specific guidance on the choice of bioactive guests with appropriate hosts.

An enhanced dye (rhodamine B, RhB)-sensitized BiPO4/BiOCl heterojunction (P-BOC) system was explored for simultaneously treating various highly concentrated hazardous organic pollutants, including dyes and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (such as bisphenol A, BPA and 4-chlorophenol, 4-CP) under visible-light irradiation (> 420 nm). Such high photo-degradation activity of P-BOC system stemmed from the high-performance of sensitization of RhB upon visible-light excitation. Suitable conduction band match between BiPO4 and BiOCl in P-BOC heterojunctions readily facilitated the subsequent electron transfer from excited RhB to P-BOC surface, forming various reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide radical ( O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) served as the main ROS species for oxidizing POPs. A possible enhanced RhB- photosensitizing degradation mechanism of P-BOC heterojunction was proposed for clarifying the efficient photo-degradation treatment of highly concentrated hazardous pollutants. The combination of dye-sensitization with P-BOC heterojunctions explored a green, energy saving, efficient photo induced system for treating pollutants.

The injection of CO2–N2 mixture for enhanced gas recovery is a potential technique to improve CH4 production and reduce formation swelling for shale and coal. Understanding the displacement process of the pre-adsorbed CH4 by the injected gas in the organic pores is essential for the production of shale gas and coalbed methane. In this work, we have used the deformable organic slit pore model to study the CH4 displacement by CO2–N2 mixture with various compositions with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. The CH4 recovery, CO2 storage and corresponding pore deformation were investigated under geological conditions. It was found that the injection of CO2–N2 mixture reduced formation swelling compared to pure CO2 injection, and meanwhile achieved high CH4 recovery and CO2 storage. But the efficiency depended on the injected gas composition and pore size. The CH4 recovery increased with the increase of total CO2–N2 mixture fraction despite different CO2/N2 ratios. The CH4 recovery, CO2 adsorption and deformation generally decreased with the increase of pore size, and become relatively constant for the pores above 1.1 nm. Adding N2 in the gas injection effectively reduced the swelling in the 0.75–0.95 nm and 1.1–2.0 nm pores. The molecular analysis showed that CO2 and N2 can individually induce swelling or shrinkage. The adsorbed N2 caused little deformation, but affected the deformation through CH4 desorption. The enhanced gas recovery was studied aiming at geological conditions with various pressures and temperatures, and it was found that the CH4 recovery with the CO2–N2 mixture injection was improved at all depths. The recovered CH4 and CO2 storage increased significantly with depth to 200 m, and reached the maximum at formation deeper than 500 m and 200–500 m respectively depending on formation pore size distribution.

In this research, comprehensive phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of four different varieties of Chimonanthus praecox were studied. The petal samples were analyzed by UHPLC–QTOF–MS and 50 compounds were identified. In addition, six possible markers responsible for discrimination among different varieties were indicated. Moreover, the assays such as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP revealed their high antioxidant activities. The samples of new varieties had the higher antioxidant activities than the traditional one, well correlated with their higher total flavonoid and phenolic contents. This study presents the first phytochemical profile work on C. praecox, and gives insights into its potential application as natural antioxidant in the industries related to pharmaceutical and functional ingredients.

In this study, hypercrosslinked strong cation-exchange polymer resins (HXLPP-SCX) were synthesized and employed as selective sorbents for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of basic purine metabolites associated with gout. The HXLPP-SCX material was prepared based on hypercrosslinking reactions and sulfonated with concentrated H2SO4. This synthetic procedure is facile and efficient without using highly toxic reagent. The resulting resins were characterized in the form of monodisperse microspheres (mean diameters of 3‒5μm) with narrow pore size (2.1nm) and relatively high specific surface areas (801m(2)/g). The polymers also possess high ion-exchange capacity (IEC, 2.22mmol/g) and good adsorption and selectivity performances for basic compounds. The resins used as SPE sorbents permit the selective enrichment of three pivotal purine metabolites (hypoxanthine, xanthine and inosine) in human serum followed by HPLC analysis. Method validation including linearity range, sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility were evaluated. This method was exemplarily applied in the analysis of serum purines in gout patients and healthy controls. The present results demonstrate a promising potential of this HXLPP-SCX material for the clinical sample pretreatment.

Microfluidic chips have been proven to be attractive platforms for cell culture in vitro. Microfluidic chip-based organs-on-chips technology has received more attention because it can mimic the complex structures and functions of human organs. In this review, the recent advances of organs-on-chips technology in different organs are introduced, including the build of human physiological models, drug discovery, and toxicology research. The development trend of this technology is also proposed.

Cu inhibition of gene transcription in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were rarely studied simultaneously in activated sludge. In this study, the transcription of amoA (for AOB) and nxrB (for NOB), nitrification efficiencies, AOB and NOB respiratory rates, and Cu distribution were simultaneously investigated. Modeling the relationships among the aforementioned parameters revealed that in complex activated sludge systems, nitrification efficiency was an insensitive parameter for showing Cu inhibition. Respiration activities and gene transcription were sensitive to Cu and positively correlated with each other. The transcription of amoA and nxrB genes indicated that the Cu had different inhibitory effects on AOB and NOB. AOB were more susceptible to Cu toxicity than NOB. Moreover, the degree of Cu inhibition on ammonia oxidation was greater than on nitrite oxidation. The analysis and related modeling results indicate that the inhibitory actions of Cu on nitrifying bacteria could mainly be attributed to intracellular Cu. The findings from this study provide insight into the mechanism of Cu inhibition on nitrification in complex activated sludge systems.

The swelling induced by CO2 adsorption is a major concern for CO2 sequestration in coal and shale. Deeper insight into the mechanism of adsorption-induced swelling is essential for the CO2 geological storage. In this work, we have used grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation to study the adsorption-induced deformation strain based on the deformable organic carbon slit pore models. In particular, we studied the microstructure and distribution of the adsorbed molecules to obtain the adsorption location effect on swelling. The results showed the deformations of both swelling and shrinkage are sensitive to the pore size. The pores below 0.55 nm have no deformation. The 0.55–0.6 nm pores show the maximum swelling, corresponding to the largest adsorption density. The shrinkage occurs in the 0.65–0.80 nm range depending on pressure and temperature. When the pressure increases, the swelling is enhanced while the shrinkage is mitigated, while the pore size for the maximum swelling or shrinkage remains the same. When the temperature increases, both swelling and shrinkage decrease due to decreased adsorption density. The results showed the CO2 molecules adsorbed in different locations exert heterogeneous solvation pressures across the pore. Generally, the molecules close to pore walls are parallel, tending to swell the pore, which plays a dominant role in the deformation. However, when the pore size increases, some molecules exert a negative solvation pressure, with inclined and vertical orientations, tending to contract the pore although swelling is the total deformation.

Solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (s-OLEDs) have received a great deal of interest owing to the huge market application potentials as large-size, flexible, high-quality self-luminous display panels and lighting sources. It is anticipated that those electronic products can be easily manufactured by modern wet-processing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing and ‘roll-to-roll’ coating methods. However, issues related to power efficiency (PE) are highly hampering the progress of s-OLEDs towards real applications. Herein, we will demonstrate current development of s-OLEDs targeting for high PE with emphasis on introducing (i) theoretical and practical significance in simultaneously achieving close-to-unity (∼100 %) exciton emission and low driving voltage realized by advanced interface modification, bipolar-transporting-type host, all-exciton-harvesting emissive material and customized device architectures to integrate their functions, (ii) novel low-driving-voltage techniques for phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) s-OLEDs, i.e. barrier-free exciplex host or bipolar co-host scaffold, and charge-trapping- or charge-scattering-free emissive layer (EML) structures by matching the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) between host and dopant emitters, (iii) a variety of tactics to effectively alleviate the efficiency roll-off issue at the practically high luminance value, e.g. removing or largely restraining exciton-quenching in the EML and/or interfaces, the utilization of novel emitters with fast radiative decay rate and/or the EML architectures with prompt and efficient Forster energy transfer process.

This paper studied water source area of the Central Line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion. It built an assessment indicators system on eco-environmental vulnerability of water source area which includes four levels target layer, effect layer, state layer and response layer. Aiming at the uncertainties of experts score on effect layer, state layer and response layer in the analysis and evaluation of eco-environmental vulnerability in water source areas, it built a cloud model-based scale criterion for eco-environmental vulnerability analysis of water source areas based on the index scale. The discreteness, ambiguity and randomness were considered in the calculation process. The cloud model weights, a calculation results of the ecological environment vulnerability analysis in the water source area, were calculated by constructing matrix that is a two-by-two judgment matrix through using the cloud scale criterion. The results were got by calculating three numerical characteristics which includes the Expected Value(Ex), the Entropy(En) and the Hyper Entropy(He) of the cloud model. The results showed that the six factors of the Ex is 0.058–0.282, the En is 0.081–0.297 and the He is 0.081–0.297 where they stayed in the state layer in the evaluation index system of ecological environment vulnerability in the water source. Then, the results showed that the sixteen factors of the Ex is 0.008–0.177, the En is 0.013–0.171 and the He is 0.013–0.171 where they stayed in the response layer. The dense and relative small data showed that all these factors are micro-sensitive factors which indicated that the impact of a single factor on eco-environmental vulnerability of water source area is not obvious. And the consequence was caused by the long-term interaction of multiple factors. The algorithm provided a new idea for the assessment of eco-environmental vulnerability in water source areas.

Polypyrrole/polyvinyl alcohol–titanium dioxide (PPy/PVA–TiO 2 ) composite films used as photo-catalysts were fabricated by combining TiO 2 sol with PPy/PVA solution in which PPy was synthesized by in situ polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and loaded on glass. The prepared photo-catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that the composites have same crystal structure as the TiO 2 and extend the optic absorption from UV region to visible light region. By detecting the variation ratio, detected by ultraviolet–vis spectroscopy, of model pollutant rhodamine B (RhB) solution in the presence of the composite films under both UV and visible light irradiation, the photo-catalytic performance of the composite films was investigated. The results show that the PPy/PVA–TiO 2 composite films show better photo-catalytic properties than TiO 2 film both under UV and visible light irradiation, and the photo-catalytic degradation of RhB follows the first-order kinetics. The effects of the composition of composite films and the concentration of RhB on the photo-catalytic performance, as well as the possible photo-catalytic mechanism, were also discussed. By photo-catalytic recycle experiments, the structure stability of the PPy/PVA–TiO 2 composite film was investigated and the results show that the photo-catalytic activity under both UV and visible light irradiation have no significant decrease after four times of recycle experiments, suggesting that the photo-catalyst film is stable during the photo-catalytic process, which was also confirmed by the XRD pattern and FT-IR spectra of the composite film before and after photo-catalytic.

Subspace clustering has found wide applications in machine learning, data mining, and computer vision. Latent Low Rank Representation (LatLRR) is one of the state-of-the-art methods for subspace clustering. However, its effectiveness is undermined by a recent discovery that the solution to the noiseless LatLRR model is non-unique. To remedy this issue, we propose choosing the sparest solution in the solution set. When there is noise, we further propose preprocessing the data with robust PCA. Experiments on both synthetic and real data demonstrate the advantage of our robust LatLRR over state-of-the-art methods.