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Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a highly pathogenic double-stranded DNA virus, and the fatality rate of SGIV-infected grouper is more than 90%. Up to now, there is no effective methods to control the disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might play an important role in individual growth and development, immune regulation and other life processes. In this study, lncRNAs were identified in Epinephelus coioides, an important economic aquaculture marine fish in China and Southeast Asia, and the regulatory relationships of lncRNAs and mRNA response to SGIV infection were analyzed. A total of 11,678 lncRNAs were identified and classified from the spleen and GS (grouper spleen) cells. 105 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were detected during SGIV infection. The lncRNAs and the regulated mRNAs were analyzed using co-expression network, lncRNA target gene annotation and GO enrichment. At 24 and 48 h after SGIV infection, 118 and 339 lncRNA-mRNA pairs in GS cells were detected, and 728 and 688 differentially expressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs in spleen were obtained, respectively. GO and KEGG were used to predict the DE lncRNAs' target genes, and deduce the DE lncRNAs-affected signaling pathways. In GS cells, lncRNAs might participate in cell part, binding and catalytic activity; and lncRNAs might be involved in immune system process and transcription factor activity in spleen. These data demonstrated that lncRNAs could regulate the expression of immune-related genes response to viral infection, and providing a new insight into understanding the complexity of immune regulatory networks mediated by lncRNAs during viral infection in teleost fish.

In Escherichia coli, acyl carrier protein (ACP) is posttranslationally converted into its active holo-ACP form via covalent linkage of 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) to residue serine-36. We found that the long flexible 4'-PP arm could react chemoselectively with the iodoacetyl group introduced on solid supports with high efficiency under mild conditions. Based on this finding, we developed site-selective immobilisation of proteins via the active holo-ACP fusion tag, independently of the physicochemical properties of the protein of interest. Furthermore, the molecular ratios of co-immobilised proteins can be manipulated because the tethering process is predominantly directed by the molar concentrations of diverse holo-ACP fusions during co-immobilisation. Conveniently tuning the molecular ratios of co-immobilised proteins allows their cooperation, leading to a highly productive multi-protein co-immobilisation system. Kinetic studies of enzymes demonstrated that α-amylase (Amy) and methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) immobilised via active tag holo-ACP had higher catalytic efficiency (k

Targeted delivery is a promising mean for various biomedical applications, and various micro/nano robots have been created for drug delivery. Mesoporous silica has been shown to be successful as a drug delivery carrier in numerous studies. However, mesoporous silica preparation usually requires expensive and toxic chemicals, which limits its biomedical applications. Diatoms, as the naturally porous silica structure, are promising substitutes for the artificial mesoporous silica preparation. However, the current studies utilizing intact diatom frustules as drug delivery packets lack flexible and controllable locomotion. Herein, we propose a biohybrid magnetic microrobot based on Thalassiosira weissflogii frustules (TWFs) as a cargo packet for targeted drug delivery using a simple preparation method. Biohybrid microrobots are fabricated in large quantities by attaching magnetic nanoparticles (Fe

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising non-thermal ablation technique for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Early differentiation of the IRE zone from surrounding reversibly electroporated (RE) penumbra is vital for the evaluation of treatment response. In this study, an advanced statistical learning framework was developed by evaluating standard MRI data to differentiate IRE ablation zones, and to correlate with histological tumor biomarkers.Fourteen rabbits with VX2 liver tumors were scanned following IRE ablation and forty-six features were extracted from T1w and T2w MRI. Following identification of key imaging variables through two-step feature analysis, multivariable classification and regression models were generated for differentiation of IRE ablation zones, and correlation with histological markers reflecting viable tumor cells, microvessel density, and apoptosis rate. The performance of the multivariable models was assessed by measuring accuracy, receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, and Spearman correlation coefficients.The classifiers integrating four radiomics features of T1w, T2w, and T1w+T2w MRI data distinguished IRE from RE zones with an accuracy of 97%, 80%, and 97%, respectively. Also, pixelwise classification models of T1w, T2w, and T1w+T2w MRI labeled each voxel with an accuracy of 82.8%, 66.5%, and 82.9%, respectively. Regression models obtained a strong correlation with behavior of viable tumor cells (0.62 ≤ rMRI radiomics features provide descriptive power for early differentiation of IRE and RE zones while observing strong correlations among multivariable MRI regression models and histological tumor biomarkers.