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Previous in vitro and animal studies showed that astaxanthin improved oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. We hypothesized the same effects of astaxanthin in humans and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous randomized controlled trials to test this hypothesis. The literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from January 1970 to April 2021. Main eligibility criteria include: intervention using astaxanthin for at least 1 week; inclusion of placebo control; and measuring at least 1 of the common oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers before and after intervention. Twelve randomized controlled trials including 380 participants were included. Compared with placebo, astaxanthin significantly reduced blood malondialdehyde concentration (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.95; 95% CI, -1.67 to -0.23; P = .01). The lowering effect of astaxanthin supplementation on malondialdehyde was particularly significant in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (SMD: -0.64; 95% CI, -1.26 to -0.01; P.05). A limited number of trials were available for the effects of astaxanthin on other oxidative stress biomarkers. Astaxanthin supplementation appeared to improve superoxide dismutase activity and reduce serum isoprostane concentration in overweight subjects. Astaxanthin significantly reduced blood interleukin-6 concentration in T2DM patients (weighted mean difference: -0.70 pg/mL; 95% CI, -1.29 to -0.11 pg/mL; P = .02). The effects of astaxanthin on blood C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were not significant. The current work indicated that astaxanthin supplementation may be beneficial for improving oxidative stress and certain inflammation biomarkers, particularly in T2DM patients. Future work should investigate the effects of astaxanthin on T2DM.

High salinity organic wastewater (HSOW) contains both organic pollutants and high concentration of inorganic salts. If it is discharged into the environment without proper treatment, it will cause adverse consequences such as dehydration and death of aquatic organisms, and soil salinization. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been applied in various wastewater treatment processes. To assess the feasibility of using BESs to treat HSOW, the effect of applying potential on anaerobic digestion of HSOW was explored in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor poised at -0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). When organic loading rate (OLR) was 2.16-2.88 kg chemical oxygen demand/(m

The in-situ TiC/Ti2Ni reinforced CrTi4-based laser cladding composite coating was fabricated on Ti811 alloy. The phased composition and microstructure of the composite coating was studied, and the interface relationship between CeCrO3 and Ti2Ni was investigated in detail. The results show that the formation phases of the coating contain TiC, Ti2Ni, CrTi4, and CeCrO3. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the CeCrO3 ( 12 1 ¯ ) //Ti2Ni ( 2 ¯ 4 2 ¯ ) interface was stable with ionic bonds, and the charge transfer number at the interface was confirmed.

New members of transition metal complexes with thioarsenate ligands, [Co(peha)][Co(As 3 S 3 ) 2 ] (peha = pentaethylenehexamine) ( 1 ), [Co(trien)(AsS 3 )] ( 2 ), [Cr(trien)(AsS 3 )] (trien = triethylenetetramine) ( 3 ) and [Cr(en) 2 (AsS 3 )] (en = ethylenediamine) ( 4 ) were prepared by solvothermal reactions in polyamines. In 1 , two As 3 S 3 units coordinate to a Co 2+ ion with both As- and S-donor atoms in the 1κ 2 As 1 ,As 2 :1κS 1 -As 3 S 3 coordination mode to form the novel [Co(As 3 S 3 ) 2 ] 2− anionic cluster, in which CoAs 2 , CoAs 2 S 2 , and CoAs 3 S 2 rings are formed. Another Co 2+ ion is coordinated by a hexadentate peha ligand to form a octahedral [Co(peha)] 2+ complex cation. Both Co 3+ and Cr 3+ ions are coordinated by a tetradentate trien ligand and a bidentate chelating ligand [AsS 3 ] 3− , and neutral complexes [Co(trien)(AsS 3 )] ( 2 ) and [Cr(trien)(AsS 3 )] ( 3 ) are formed. The Cr 3+ is coordinated by two en ligands and a bidentate chelating ligand [AsS 3 ] 3− to form neutral complex Cr(en) 2 (AsS 3 )] ( 4 ). Complexes 2 – 4 represent the first examples of TM–thioarsenate complexes with polyethyleneamine coligands. Compounds 1 – 4 are potential semiconductors with narrow well-defined optical band gaps in the range of 1.45–1.74 eV. Thermal properties of 1 – 4 were investigated via thermogravimetric analyses.

Two lanthanide(III) complexes containing tetraselenidoantimonate ligand [Sm(peha)(μ-1κ 2 :2κ-SbSe 4 )] n ( 1 ), and [Eu(peha)(1κ 2 -SbSe 4 )] ( 2 ) (peha = pentaethylenehexamine) were solvothermally prepared by reactions Sb, Se and LnCl 3 in pentaethylenehexamine (peha). The tetrahedral [SbSe 4 ] 3 − unit connects [Sm(peha)] 3 + into the neutral 1-D coordination polymer 1 as a tridentate μ-1κ 2 :2κ-SbSe4 bridging and chelating ligand. It coordinates to [Eu(peha)] 3 + with a 1κ 2 -SbSe 4 chelating mode, forming the mononuclear complex 2 . The tridentate μ-1κ 2 :2κ-SbSe 4 bridging and chelating mode and 9-coordinate Sm(III) center in 1 are firstly observed in the systematic syntheses of the Sm/Sb/Se system in different polyethylenediamines. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit steep band gaps at 2.04 and 2.11 eV at room temperature, respectively.

Polymeric lanthanide complexes with thiostannate and polyamine mixed ligands, [Ln(peha)(μ–SnS4H)]n [Ln=La (1a), Nd (1b)] and [{Ln(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]nnH2O [Ln=Nd (2a), Sm (2b), Gd (2c), Dy (2d)] (peha=pentaethylenehexamine, tepa=tetraethylenepentamine) were respectively prepared in peha and tepa coordinative solvents by the solvothermal methods. In 1a and 1b, the Ln3+ ions are coordinated by a hexadentate peha ligand forming [Ln(peha)]3+ units. The [SnS4H]3− anion chelates a [Ln(peha)]3+ unit via two S atoms and coordinates to another [Ln(peha)]3+ unit via the third S atom. As a result, the [Ln(peha)]3+ units are connected into coordination polymers [Ln(peha)(μ–SnS4H)]n by an unprecedented tridentate μ–η1,η2–SnS4H bridging ligands. In 2a–2d, the Ln3+ ions are coordinated by a pentadentate tepa ligand, and two [Ln(tepa)]3+ units are joined by two μ–OH bridges to form a binuclear [{Ln(tepa)(μ–OH)}2]4+ unit. Behaving as a bidentate μ–η1, η1–Sn2S6 bridging ligand, the Sn2S6 unit connects [{Ln(tepa)(μ–OH)}2]4+ units into a neutral coordination polymer [{Ln(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]n via the trans S atoms. The Ln3+ ions are in distorted monocapped square antiprismatic and bicapped trigonal prismatic environments in [{Ln(peha)(μ–SnS4H)]n and [{Ln(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]n, respectively. The denticities of ethylene polyamine play an important role on the formation and complexation of the thiostannate in the presence of lanthanide ions. Compounds 1a–2d show well-defined absorption edges with band gaps between 2.81 and 3.15 eV.

Samarium selenidostannates [Hen][Sm(dien)3]Sn2Se6 (1), [Sm(trien)(tren)(Cl)]2Sn2Se6·0.5en (2), and [{Sm(en)(trien)}2(μ-OH)2]Sn2Se6 (3) (en = ethylenediamine, dien = diethylenetriamine, trien = triethylenetetramine, tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) were prepared by solvothermal methods in mixed solvents of en/dien and en/trien, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 consist of [Sn2Se6]4− anion and mononuclear Sm(III)-complex cations, and/or a protonated en and half a free en molecule. Compound 3 is composed of a [Sn2Se6]4− anion and a binuclear [{Sm(en)(trien)}2(μ-OH)2]4+ complex cation. As far as we know, 1–3 are the first examples of the lanthanide selenidostannates prepared in mixed ethylene polyamines. In the crystal structures of 1–3, the cations and anions are connected into three-dimensional supramolecular networks by N–H⋯Se and/or N–H⋯N, N–H⋯Cl and O–H⋯Se hydrogen bonds. Compounds 1–3 exhibit bandgaps in the range of 2.18–2.41 eV, and a distinct blue-shift of the bandgap from 2 to 1 and 3 is observed.

Ternary chromium selenidostannates [Cr(tepa)(OH)]2Sn2Se6·H2O (tepa = tetraethylenepentamine) (1) and [Cr(peha)]2(Sn2Se6)Cl2 (peha = pentaethylenehexamide) (2) were successfully synthesized by the reaction of CrCl3·6H2O, Sn, Se and tepa or peha in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride at 160 °C. In the ionic liquid, the Cr3 + ion forms [Cr(tepa)(OH)]2 + or [Cr(peha)]3 + chelating complex cations, which lead to the formation of chromium selenidostannates 1 and 2. But the reactions in pure tepa or peha under solvothermal conditions produced amorphous powders. 1 and 2 are the first examples of TM-complex contained chalcogenidostannates synthesized by ionothermal technique. Both 1 and 2 form three-dimensional networks via intermolecular N H⋯Se, O H⋯Se and N H⋯O or N H⋯Cl interactions, respectively. 1 and 2 exhibit possible semiconducting properties with the band gaps at 2.08 and 2.19 eV, respectively.

Zinc tellurostannates [{Zn(teta)}2(μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe4)] (1), [{Zn(teta)}3(μ3-1κ:2κ:3κ-SnTe4)]I2 (2), [{Zn(tren)}2(μ-1κ:2κ-Sn2Te6)] (3), and [Zn(dien)2]4(Sn2Te6)1.75(Sn2Te8)0.25·dien (4) were prepared by the reactions of Zn, Sn, and Te with iodine ion assistant in teta and dien. The tetrahedral [SnTe4]4− anion coordinates to two [Zn(teta)]2+ units as a bidentate μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe4 ligand to form the neutral complex 1. It coordinates to three [Zn(teta)]2+ units with a tridentate μ3-1κ:2κ:3κ coordination modes, generating a complex cation [{Zn(teta)}3(μ3-1κ:2κ:3κ- SnTe4)]2+ in 2. In 3, the [Sn2Te6]4− anion joins two [Zn(tren)]2+cations with the trans terminal Te atoms, forming neutral complex 3. The μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe4, μ3-1κ:2κ:3κ-SnTe4, and μ-1κ:2κ-Sn2Te6 ligands to TM centers in 1–3 have not been observed before. Compound 4 contains a normal [Sn2Te6]4− and an abnormal [(Sn2Te6)0.75(Sn2Te8)0.25]4− anions. Compounds 1–4 exhibit narrow band gaps in the range of 1.47–1.98 eV, and a distinct red-shift of the band gaps is observed from 4 to 1−3.