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Objective Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can relieve the symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD) and improve the quality of life of patients, however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of taVNS on the expression of intestinal mucosal ligandins. Methods This study was conducted on 24 specific Spathogen-free Sprague–Dawley rats (12 males and 12 females). The rat model of FD was established by tail-clip stimulation. After FD was established successfully, all rats were randomized to either the normal group (n = 6), model group (n = 6), taVNS group (n = 6), or sham-taVNS group (n = 6). After two weeks of the respective intervention, the score of their general conditions, 3 h food intake, gastric emptying rate, and the histology of gastric antrum tissues were observed to evaluate modeling success, and then the effect of taVNS was evaluated. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of the tight junction ligandins —ZO-1 and occludin—and the adhesion ligandin—β-catenin—in the duodenum. The effect of taVNs on the expression of intestinal mucosal barrier ligandins—ZO-1, occludin, and β-catenin—in FD rats was preliminarily investigated. Results When the model-induced period was finished, the manifestations of FD in the model group rats were mental exhaustion, reduced activities, decreased score of the general conditions, and decreased 3 h food intake, compared to the normal group rats. In addition, minimal eosinophil infiltration, without any mucosal erosion or ulcer, was observed in the gastric antrum mucosa. At the end of the study, the mental state of the FD rats improved, and their activities and gastric emptying rate increased in the taVNS group rats. Compared to the normal rats, the duodenal mucosa had less expression of the tight junction ligandins ZO-1 and occludin, but β-catenin expression remained unchangedin the model rats. The expression of the tight junction ligandins ZO-1 and occludin were increased in the duodenal mucosa of model rats after the taVNS intervention. Conclusion TaVNS can improve the gastric motility and mental state of rats with FD. It may play a therapeutic role by improving the expression of the tight junction ligandin ZO-1 and occludin in the duodenal mucosa, while also repairing the duodenal mucosal barrier.

Objectives To observe the clinical long-term therapeutic effect on functional dyspepsia (FD) in the comparative study of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) with transcutaneous auricular none-vagus nerve stimulation (tnVNS). Methods A total of 90 FD patients were randomized into a taVNS group and a tnVNS group, 45 cases in each one. The patients in both the taNVS group and the tnVNS group were treated 5 times a week, 30 min each time, for 4 weeks totally. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up visit, overall symptom points, functional dyspepsia-related quality of life questionnaire (FDQOL), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were adopted to evaluate the severity of the symptoms and observe the clinical therapeutic effect of patients. Results Compared with the scores before treatment, the overall symptom points, FDDQL, HAMA, HAMD and SDS at each time point after treatment were all lower in the patients of the taVNS group. The scores of FDDQL after treatment were almost all higher than that before treatment in the self-comparison of each group. All of the above differences were significant statistically (all P Conclusion Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation is applicable for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Compared with the control group, taVNS obtains a better long-term effect.

Background impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is the early stage of diabetes and it would be deteriorated to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) easily if no intervention provided. In western medicine, drug therapy assisted with the intervention of lifestyle is predominated. However, drug therapy brings serious side effect and high prices, while lifestyle intervention is difficult to be insisted on by patients. Therefore, a green and effective intervention mode is urgently needed. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a noninvasive and green therapeutic method based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which can regulate glucose metabolism and reduce blood glucose, but the clinical effect of it has not been clarified yet at present. Hence, this randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims at exploring the effectiveness and safety of taVNS in the treatment of IGT. Methods a total of 158 patients with IGT will be randomized into a taVNS group and a transcutaneous non-auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tnVNS) group, 79 cases in each one. In the taVNS group and the tnVNS group, electric stimulation would be applied to Yidan (胰胆pancreas and gallbladder, CO11) and Pǐ (脾spleen, CO13) on auricular concha and Jiān (肩shoulder SF4,5) on auricular rim respectively. The electric stimulation parameters would be the same in the patients of two groups, for 30 min in each treatment, twice a day, 6 weeks as one course and 2 courses of treatment required totally. In week 0, 6 and 12 of intervention, the effectiveness indicators would be determined, i.e. fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h plasma glucose (2hPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) successively. On week 0 and 12, body mass index (BMI) would be calculated, respiration, pulse and blood pressure would be recorded separately. Discussion through observing the regulatory effect of taVNS on FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c and BMI as well as the adverse reactions, the effectiveness and safety of taVNS in treatment of IGT would be evaluated. This study will provide a safe, effective, convenient and nontoxic side effect intervention for clinical treatment of IGT and prevention from the occurrence and development of T2DM. Trial registration: This trial has been registered on http://register.clinicaltrials.gov . Clinical Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03343262.

Objective To explore whether auricular concha eletroacupuncture (ACEA) is effective in regulating lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in rats submitted to cold stress. Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were placed in four groups(9 rats in each group), the rats in three groups of which were submitted to cold stress for fourteen days, the last one of which was a control group. After the cold stress process, in those three groups, the rats of one group were with no treatment (stress only), two were treated with either ACEA or auricular margin eletroacupuncture (AMEA) repeated for fourteen days. On the 14th day, all the rats were sacrificed after all experimental procedure for blood sampling. Blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were tested by using the collected serum. Plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was measured with ELISA kit. Results ACEA down-regulated the TG level (P Conclusion ACEA played an important role in regulating lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in rats submitted to cold stress.

Glaucoma eventually leads to optic nerve damage and vision loss without medical intervention. More than 50% of glaucoma caused blindness are attributed to primary angle closure glaucoma, particularly in Asians. It is reported that immune inflammation is involved in the progress of glaucoma. Increased inflammation cytokines are detected in the aqueous humor of chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG). IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38, are novel cytokines and are involved in many inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and acute anterior uveitis, but the possible contributing role in the pathogenesis of CPACG is unclear. In our current study, increased IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38 were detected in the aqueous humor of CPACG compared with age-related cataract (ARC). Furthermore, a significant correlation was detected between mean deviation of visual field (MDVF) of CPACG and IL-36, IL-37 or IL-38, respectively. Our data suggest IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38 might contribute to the immunological mediated pathogenesis of CPACG, despite the eye being an immune-privileged organ under normal conditions. The precise underlying mechanism of these cytokines during the development of CPACG remains to be explored. Our findings may be useful in therapeutic targeting of specific pathology.

In discovering new powerful antitumor agents, two series of novel diosgenin–amino acid–benzoic acid mustard trihybrids (7a–7 g and 12a–12 g) were designed and synthesized. The antiproliferative activities were tested against five human tumor cell lines and one normal cell line using CCK-8 assays. Among the trihybrids, 12e was the most promising compound, which inhibited T24 cells with IC50 value of 6.96 μM, and was stronger than its parent compound diosgenin (IC50 = 32.33 μM). In addition, 12e had weak cytotoxicity on the normal GES-1 cell line (IC50 = 213.74 μM). Moreover, 12e could cause G2/M cell cycle arrest, increase the percentage of apoptosis, induce mitochondrial depolarization, and promote reactive oxygen species generation in T24 cells. Further studies on antitumor mechanism demonstrated that 12e triggered the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) apoptotic pathways. More importantly, 12e could inhibit T24 cell proliferation in an in vivo zebrafish xenograft model. Therefore, 12e, as a novel trihybrid with potent cytotoxicity, might be applied as a promising skeleton for antitumor agents, which deserved further optimization.

Four new polyketide-derived polyesters, including three linear ones ascotrichesters A–C (1–3) and one macrocyclic ascotrichalactone A (4), and the known biosynthetic building blocks (−)-orthosporin (7) and (−)-6-hydroxymellein (8), were isolated from the still culture product of the fungus Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5 in Czapek Dox broth without Mg2+, along with a new hexaketide orthosporinin (5) and its visible light-catalyzed [2+2] dimerized derivative diorthosporinin (6). HPLC monitoring of the stability of 4 in H2O disclosed the fact that macrocyclic lactone 4, with a unreported motif for polyesters, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopentyl)benzoic acid, is the natural precursor which undergoes hydrolysis followed by intramolecular lactonization at pH 7 or 8 to yield the linear polyester 3 and parallel reactions to afford 5. This result demonstrated that the previously proposed biosynthetic pathway for polyesters from linear to cyclic should be reversed. Additionally, the growth inhibitory effects of 1–8 against two human leukemia cancer cell lines and the antibacterial activities of compounds 3 and 4 were assessed.

Five new polythreaded coordination networks, [Co2(L)(bpp)(H2O)]·0.25H2O (1), [Co2(L)(bim)] (2), [Co2(L)(btb)] (3), [Co3(HL)2(phen)3] (4) and [Ni2(L)(bpp)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (5) (H4L = 5,5′-(1,3-phenylenebis(methyleneoxy)diisophthalic) acid, bpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane, bim = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane, btb = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized by self-assembly of transition-metal salts with a long flexible tetracarboxylate ligand and N-containing ligands. Their structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectra and TG analyses. Compounds 1–3 exhibit unusual (2D → 2D) polythreaded frameworks that are built from 2D layers with dangling arms protruding from one side of the layers. Compound 4 displays a unique (2D → 3D) polythreaded framework constructed from 2D layers with two types of lateral arms. Compound 5 is an uncommon (1D → 1D) polythreaded framework that is first assembled from 1D metal–organic nanotubes (MONTs) with lateral arms protruding from one side of the 1D MONTs. In addition, the magnetic properties of them were also studied.

The influence of Gd element and solution treatment on the microstructure of AZ31 alloy was investigated in this paper. The microstructure and phase composition were characterized by OM, SEM, EDS and XRD. The results indicate that Mg 17 Al 12 eutectic phase, scattered along the grain boundary, is suppressed effectively with Gd addition and the acicular Al 2 Gd superlattice with lamellar distribution is formed. Furthermore, the grain size of AZ31 alloy is also refined with Gd addition. In the subsequent process of solution, the migration and growth of Al 2 Gd phase conforms to Ostwald Ripening Theory. The morphology of Al 2 Gd phase becomes granular and scatterd in matrix uniformly after solution for 16 h at 813 K.

Objective To study the inhibiting effect of Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Methods Female mice were selected as experimental animals, and breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse models were established and then divided into groups A, B, C and D that respectively received saline, recombinant human endostatin, ginsenosides Rg3 and recombinant human endostatin combined with Rg3 intervention; 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention, tumor tissue volume was measured; 21 d after intervention, mice were killed, tumor tissue was collected, and mRNA contents of angiogenesis molecules, invasion molecules, autophagy marker molecules and autophagy signaling pathway molecules were detected. Results At 7 d, 14 d and 21 d after intervention, tumor tissue volume of groups B, C and D was lower than that of group A, and tumor tissue volume of group D was lower than that of groups B and C; mRNA contents of VEGFA , VEGFB , VEGFC , MMP2 , MMP9 , p62 , mTOR , PI3K , Akt , JNK and Beclin-1 in tumor tissue of groups B, C and D were significantly lower than those of group A, and LC3-II / LC3-I was significantly higher than that of group A; mRNA contents of VEGFA , VEGFB , VEGFC , MMP2 , MMP9 , p62 , mTOR , PI3K , Akt , JNK and Beclin-1 in tumor tissue of group D were significantly lower than those of groups B and C, and LC3-II / LC3-I was higher than that of groups B and C. Conclusions Endostar combined with ginsenoside Rg3 has stronger inhibiting effect on breast cancer tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice than single drug, and it can inhibit angiogenesis and cell invasion, and enhance cell autophagy.

Self-assembly of a flexible tricarboxylate ligand (H3L) and cobalt salt under hydrothermal conditions yields an unprecedented two-dimensional (2D) nanoscaled quadruple-layer networks [Co4(HL)3(μ3-OH)2(H2O)2]·5H2O (1) (H3L = (3,5-dicarboxyl-phenyl)-(4-(2′-carboxyl-phenyl)-benzyl)ether). The structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectrum, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 represents the first 2D nanoscaled multiple-layer architecture constructed from octanuclear cobalt cluster building blocks. Furthermore, the adjacent sidearm-containing 2D quadruple-layer motifs are interdigitated in a mutual relationship to form a 3D supramolecular framework. In addition, the magnetic properties of compound 1 have been studied by measuring its magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range of 2–300 K, indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic coupling within the octanuclear cobalt cluster.

AM60 alloys with different Nd contents were melted, refined and prepared in vacuum resistance furnace. The alloys were investigated by weight loss test in 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 °C. The obvious changes of microstructures before and after the corrosion were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. With the use of experimental data, a combination model was established to describe the galvanic corrosion rate of AM60 alloys. The constant of apparent corrosion rate ( k ) was calculated. The effect of Nd content on the grain size (d), organizational structure and corrosion rate of specimens were discussed. The results showed that the constant of apparent corrosion rate was affected by Nd content. Their relationship is described as k = 0.6 exp ( - 2.7 Nd % ) + 0.58 . The maximum and minimum value of k is 1.21 and 0.53 μm/h, respectively. The reason for k decreasing is that trace Nd refined the grain size and generated different forms of Al11Nd3 phases. Corrosion protection film was formed in the area near rare earth-enriched phase. The film played an important role in corrosion together with the corrosion products on the surface of the alloy, indicating an improvement of corrosion resistance of AM60 alloys.

Producing magnesium hydroxide is the basic way to utilize magnesium resources of natural brines. However, the effect of lithium on properties of product is always neglected. The interaction between ions in magnesium chloride solution containing lithium was illustrated based on the experimental results, and the effect of lithium on the crystallization of magnesium was clarified. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning election microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and laser particle size analysis indicate that the effect of lithium is not obvious on the crystal phase and morphology of the products. But the XRD relative intensity of (001) surface of magnesium hydroxide declines, the specific surface area reduces apparently and the additive mass of lithium affects the heat loss rates of precipitations obviously. Quantum chemical calculations on the interactional systems of Mg(H 2 O) 6 2+ and Li(H 2 O) 4 + were performed using B3LYP/6-311G basis set. The results show that when the distance of Mg 2+ and Li + is 7–10 A, the interaction energy is high and the trend of solvation is strong, which would make hydroxide ions easier to combine with hydrogen ions in ammonia precipitation process. And the absolute value of solvation free energy reduces significantly in MgCl 2 solution (1 mol/L) containing lithium ion.

Hydrothermal reaction of the flexible V-shaped ligand 3,3 ′ ,4,4 ′ -diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic acid (H 4 dpstc) with nickel salt in the presence of long-chain N-donor ligand affords a fascinating entangled network, [Ni 2 (dpstc)(bim) 2 (H 2 O)]·2H 2 O ( 1 ) (bim = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane). Complex 1 represents an unusual 3D self-penetrating entangled framework, which is based on novel 2D helical layers. More interestingly, the 2D helical layers are constructed by the intertwined homo-axis covalent helices running along the same crystallographic 2 1 axis in the b direction. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of complex 1 have been studied by measuring its magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range 2–300 K.

In order to explore the effect mechanism of solvent on the synthesis of the metal organic framework materials, the microscopic interaction between solvent and framework and the effects of N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF) or N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on solvothermal synthesis of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 were investigated through a combined DFT and experimental study. XRD and SEM showed that the absorbability of NMP in the pore of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 was weaker than that of DMF. The thermal decomposition temperature of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 synthesized in DMF was higher than that in NMP according to TG and FT-IR. In addition, the nitrogen sorption isotherms indicated that NMP improved gas sorption property of [Zn4O(BDC)3]8. The COSMO optimized calculations indicated that the total energy of Zn4O(BDC)3 in NMP was higher than that in DMF, and compared with non-solvent system, the charge of zinc atoms decreased and the charge value was the smallest in NMP. Furthermore, the interaction of DMF, NMP or DEF in [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 crystal model was calculated by DFT method. The results suggested that NMP should be easier to be removed from pore of materials than DMF from the point of view of energy state. It can be concluded that NMP was a favorable solvent to synthesize [Zn4O(BDC)3]8 and the microscopic mechanism was that the binding force between Zn4O(BDC)3 and NMP molecule was weaker than DMF.

Three interdigitated metal–quinolone complexes, [Cd2(cfH)2(btec)(H2O)2]·6H2O (1), [Cd2(ppaH)2(1,3-bdc)2]·4.25H2O (2) and [Cd2(LevofH)(1,3-bdc)2(H2O)2] (3) (cfH = ciprofloxacin, ppaH = pipemidic acid, LevofH = levofloxacin, btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate, 1,3-bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, X-ray powder diffractions, TG analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a (2D → 3D) interdigitated architecture that is first assembled from 2D wavelike (6,3) nets with side arms. Compound 2 is the first example of (2D → 3D) interdigitated metal–ppaH complex, which is constructed from sidearm-containing 2D layers of (4,4) topology. Compound 3 is built from 1D double chains with dangling levofloxacin ligands protruding from one side of the chain, and each pair of these double chains are interdigitated with each other to generate a perfect molecular zipper. By inspection of the structures of 1–3, it is believed that the short aromatic polycarboxylate ligands are important for the construction of interdigitated metal–quinolone complexes. The photoluminescent properties of compounds 1–3 have also been investigated.

This work described the isolation and characterization of seven compounds from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., including one new ester, (2R)-4-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-2-hydroxypent-3-anoic acid ethyl ester (1); and six known glycosides (2–7). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analyses, including IR, HR-ESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR (NOESY, HMBC and HSQC). All these compounds were described here for the first time from the genus Dictamnus. Moreover, the results provide further information about the diversity of compounds in the genus Dictamnus.

Self-assembly of the trigonal 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (H3btc) and copper salt in the presence of large trigonal N-containing ligand yields a fascinating entangled network, [Cu(Hbtc)(Htpba)]·1.5H2O (1) (Htpba = 4-([4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridin]-4′-yl) benzoic acid). Compound 1 exhibits a novel (2D → 3D) polythreaded network that is first assembled from 2D layers with two types of lateral arms. By inspection of the structure of 1, it is believed that the trigonal ligands with uncoordinated groups acting as dangling lateral arms play an important role in the formation of polythreaded network. The magnetic properties of compound 1 have been studied in the temperature range 2–300 K.

Self-assembly of the D-saccharate (D-sacc) ligand and barium salt under hydrothermal conditions yields an unprecedented homochiral three-dimensional (3D) metal saccharate, namely, [Ba(D-sacc)]n (1), which is based on inorganic helical chains as infinite rod-shaped secondary building units (SBUs). The structure of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectrum, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 exhibits a novel 3D chiral architecture containing multidirectional helical chains, which is still rare in metal–organic complexes, especially in metal aldarates. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 represents the first example of alkaline-earth metal aldarates featuring chiral and helical structures. Furthermore, the photoluminescent property of compound 1 was investigated in the solid state at room temperature.

The display image of the video display unit (VDU) can be reconstructed by receiving and analyzing the unexpected electromagnetic noise emanated from a personal computer system. This fact is one of the information leakage threats in information security. Therefore, in order to choose the best frequency range for receiving the electromagnetic compromising emanations form a PC display effectively and quickly, a method based on the correlation power analysis (CPA) and the common equipments is proposed. Firstly, the frequency spectrum of 10 MHz to 1 GHz is measured about 10 times respectively when the PC is displaying the white-black vertical strips image and black image. The frequency range which contains the display information can be obtained through the CPA. And then, the special image signal is searched around the dot frequency and harmonics. If the special signal disappears when displaying the total black image, it can be judged to be the real special signal. Finally, the best receiving frequency range can be chosen by comprehensive considering the results of CPA and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the special image signal. In order to check the validity of the chosen frequency range, eavesdropping experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate that the selected frequency range can retrieve the higher quality image than other frequency bands.

A kind of dual-band-stop filter with an unsymmetrical T-shape defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. The filter has two band gap centers at 4.9 GHz and 7.35 GHz, respectively, where the two centre frequencies are just the second and third harmonics 2.45 GHz. The filters with high band-stop performance and wideband spurious suppression can be achieved by cascading miniaturized unsymmetrical T-shape DGS. The attenuation of three-cascaded T-shape DGS filter is 30.77 dB at 4.9 GHz and 17.96 dB at 7.35 GHz respectively. The above experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, especially for the third harmonic.

A new class of well-defined NHC–Pd complexes incorporating a pyridine-2-carboxylate or pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate ligand has been synthesized. These novel complexes exhibited prominent catalytic activity in the sterically hindered C–N coupling reactions at elevated temperature, but relatively inferior reactivity at low temperature. The distinctly different reactivity of these NHC–Pd complexes was presumed to be associated with their unique structures of ancillary ligands.

The display image of a PC can be reconstructed by using the conducted emission on the PC's network cable. The relevant signals which be used to reconstruct the original image are coupling from the radiation of the switching of red, green, blue (RGB) signals in PC. These pertinent signals are partly contained in the frequency region higher than 30 MHz in the conducted emission. From these findings, the near-field coupling principle from PC to the network cable is analyzed firstly. And then, a multi-conductor transmission model for the RGB signals which transmit in the network cable is proposed. In addition, the maximum safe distance is estimated by using this model. In order to check the validity of the estimating distance, the eavesdropping experiment is carried out to reconstruct the original display image. The results demonstrate that the blurred display image can be retrieved at the place of 29.5 m.

Based on the microscopic phase-field model, the correlation between site occupation evolution of alloying elements in Ni3V-DO22 phase and growth of Ni3Al-L12 phase was studied during the phase transformation of Ni75Al4.2V20.8. The results demonstrate that the growth of L12 phase can be divided into two stages: at the early stage, the composition of alloying elements in DO22 phase almost remains unchanged; at the late stage, the compositions of Ni and Al decrease while V increases in DO22 phase. Part of alloying elements for L12 phase growth are supplied from the site occupation evolution of alloying elements on three kinds of sublattices in DO22 phase. Ni is mainly supplied from V sublattice, and part of Al is supplied from Nii and V sites at the centre of DO22 phase. The excessive V from the decreasing DO22 phase migrates into the centre of DO22 phase and mainly occupies V and NiII sites. It is the site occupation evolution of antisite atoms and ternary additions in DO22 phase that controls the growth rate of L12 phase at the late stage.

This article puts forward a kind of parallel and distributed static augmented scene system structure to improve the performance of real time augmented simulation system. Based on static registration technique, several groups of processing nodes do parallel scene pictures taking, 3D registration and virtual-real merging. Process on different nodes is controlled by uniform synchronization mechanism and network transmitting. Wide field of view image can be obtained from image mosaic operation and displayed by wide view display system. Detailed system architecture, registration algorithm, method how to determine camera position and synchronization mechanism between each process node are introduced. The experiment result can validate the good performance of the designed system.

To maximize the throughout of AD hoc system with opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) among multiple secondary users is analyzed. Two distributed learning and allocation schemes are studied by using greedy and random approach, which can maximize the cognitive system throughput or equivalently minimize the total regret in distributed learning and allocation. The simulation results show that the performance of OSA in AD hoc system are affected by package arrival rate and the number of second users. When the second users are less than six, or the package arrival rate is less than 0.06, the throughput of greedy approach is higher than that of random approach, and greedy approach is recommended to be adopted in the design of OSA in AD hoc system.

Hierarchical clustering algorithms, such as Pearson's correlation, Euclidean distance, Euclidean distance harmonic, Spearman rank correlation, Kendall's tau, and City-block distance, were used to find the best way to establish theoretical MAPK/Erk signaling pathway on the basis of breast cancer line MCF-7 gene expressions. The algorithm constructs a hierarchy from top to bottom on the basis of a self-organizing tree. It dynamically finds the number of clusters at each level. It was found that only Euclidean distance harmonic is fit for the analysis of the cascade composed from a RAF1 (c-Raf), a MKNK1, a MAPKK (MEK1/2) to MAPK (Erk) in breast cancer line MCF-7. The result is consistent with the biological experimental MAP/Erk signaling pathway, and the theoretical MAPK/Erk signaling pathway on breast cancer line MCF-7 is set up.

Formaldehyde is produced in human body at every moment. Our previous work has showed that formaldehyde at a low concentration induces tau protein to misfolding and aggregation, resulting in cytotoxicity to SH-SY5Y cells and rat hippocampus cells1,2. Therefore, concentrations of endogenous formaldehyde of human have been investigated to suggest that endogenous formaldehyde plays an important role in the pathology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Investigation of 420 Chinese people of different ages shows that blood formaldehyde is increased with aging (over 60 years old). The human blood formaldehyde is dynamically kept approximately around 0.087±0.014 mM under physiological conditions. The endogenous formaldehyde is gradually increased and accumulated in human body especially in the central nerve system as aging, resulting in chronic aldehyde damage to human brain including white matter and grey matter. The chronic aldehyde damage is thought as one of the important factors related to sporadic neurodegeneration. According to this viewpoint, clinical investigation has been carried out that the concentration of morning uric formaldehyde is found to be positively related to the degree of dementia: the more severe the dementia, the higher the concentration of uric formaldehyde of the patients. Furthermore, to regulate endogenous formaldehyde as clinical treatment (methods or drugs) for Alzheimer's patients is suggested in the light of this work.References1. Chun Lai Nie, Xing Sheng Wang, Ying Liu, Sarah Perrett, Rong Qiao He (2007) Amyloid-like aggregates of neuronal tau are induced by formaldehyde exposure and promote apoptosis of neuronal cells BMC Neuroscience 8:9.2. Chun Lai Nie, Yan Wei, Xinyong Chen, Yan Ying Liu, Wen Dui, Ying Liu, Martyn C. Davies, Saul J. B. Tendler, Rong Qiao He (2007) Formaldehyde at low concentration induces protein tau into globular amyloid-like aggregates in vitro and in vivo PLoS ONE Jul 18; 2:e629.