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A series of Fe/MgO catalysts with well-defined exposed crystal planes were synthesized by impregnation, deposition-precipitation and ultrasonic impregnation methods. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray spectroscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The characterization results indicate that the basicity of MgO supports strongly affect the catalytic performance of iron-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It is found that the strong basicity sites of MgO supports remain during the ultrasonic impregnation process. The intrinsic basicity of Fe/MgO catalysts enhances dissociative CO adsorption and promotes the olefin selectivity. In addition, the catalyst of iron particles on the (111) crystal planes of MgO nanosheets presents higher TOF value and olefins selectivity than that of the catalyst using the (100) crystal planes of MgO nanocubes as a support. The effect of basic properties of MgO nanocrystals facilitates CO chemisorption, suppressing H2 adsorption and olefin desorption on the corresponding Fe/MgO catalysts.

Uniform ZSM-5 nanoparticles (around 180 nm) were synthesized by steam assisted crystallization method (SAC), which have a hierarchically porous structure, composed of abundant open mesopores from the stacking of ZSM-5 particles and micropores in the ZSM-5 crystallites. The hierarchical ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalyst, with a cobalt loading of 15%, was then prepared through incipient impregnation and used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The hierarchical ZSM-5 support and Co-based catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N 2 sorption. The results indicate that the hierarchical ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalyst performs excellently in FTS, since the mesoporous structure in the hierarchical ZSM-5 support can enhance the mass transfer of the reaction products and the acid sites on the microporous ZSM-5 framework can promote the hydrocracking of long chain hydrocarbon products. In comparison with the cobalt catalysts supported on bulk ZSM-5 and commercial ZSM-5, the hierarchical ZSM-5 supported cobalt catalyst exhibits much higher activity in FTS, lower selectivity to CH 4 , and higher selectivity to C 5–20 hydrocarbons (68.9%).

SBA-16 molecular sieve was synthesized by soft template method and modified with ammonia under high temperature to obtain the nitrogen-incorporated SBA-16 (SBA-16-N); with SBA-16 and SBA-16-N as the supports, nickel based catalysts (Ni/SBA-16 and Ni/SBA-16-N) were prepared by the incipient impregnation method. The related supports and Ni-based catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, carbon dioxide temperature programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis; the catalytic performance of Ni/SBA-16 and Ni/SBA-16-N in the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide was comparatively investigated under 500–800°C. The results indicate that after the nitriding modification, the Ni/SBA-16-N catalyst exhibits much higher activity in methane reforming with CO2 and higher selectivity to syngas than the Ni/SBA-16 catalyst without nitridation treatment. During the nitriding modification at high temperature, O atoms in the SBA-16 skeleton are partially replaced by N atoms, which can strengthen the support basicity and the interaction between the support and the nickel nanoparticles. All these may promote the dispersion of nickel nanoparticles on SBA-16-N and the adsorption of CO2 on Ni/SBA-16-N, leading to the improvement of the activity and stability of the Ni/SBA-16-N catalysts in methane reforming with carbon dioxide.

Dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) pretreatment and glycation with lactose were employed to modify α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) with respect to the IgE/IgG binding capacities. No significant difference on incorporation ratio value of glycated α-LA was observed with and without DHPM pretreatment. However, IgE/IgG binding capacities of α-LA were decreased after glycation and DHPM pretreatment promoted the reduction. The lowest IgE/IgG binding capacities of glycated α-LA were obtained by DHPM pretreatment at 110 MPa. Native α-LA was mainly glycated at K62, K94, K98, whereas glycation sites and degree of substitution per peptide (DSP) were added after DHPM treatment. Therefore, the reduced IgE/IgG binding capacities of α-LA was attributed to the characteristics of glycated sites, including the amount, location, and DSP values. Interestingly, K98 played the most important role in decreasing IgE/IgG binding capacities of α-LA. The study revealed that glycation combined with DHPM was a promising way to decrease the allergenicity of proteins.

The catalytic properties of MgO(111) nanosheet-supported Ni were investigated for the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide with the emphasis on the effect of nickel loadings. The catalytic activity and stability increased with increasing Ni loadings from 2% to 10%, while a further increase in the Ni loading from 10% to 20% led to a negative result. The TEM, XRD, H2-TPD, TG and Raman characterization results show that the deactivation behavior of Ni/MgO(111) depends on the amount of Ni, while the Ni particle size increased with increasing Ni loadings. The deactivation of the sample with 2% of Ni was probably caused by the Ni oxidation, whereas that of the catalyst with higher content of Ni was due to the deposition of carbonaceous materials.

Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) are two major zoonotic pathogens of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Asia. Hubei province, which is located in the central-south China, had been one of the most severe epidemic areas of HFRS. To investigate phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversity and geographic distribution of HTNV and SEOV in their reservoir hosts, a total of 687 rodents were trapped in this area between 2000 and 2009. Sequences of partial S- and M-segments of hantaviruses and mitochondrial D-loop gene from 30 positive samples were determined. Our data indicated that SEOV and HTNV were co-circulating in Hubei. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S- and M-segment sequences revealed two and three previously undefined lineages of SEOV, and a novel genetic lineage of HTNV, respectively. Four inter-lineage reassortment SEOVs carried by Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius were observed. It suggests that SEOV may cause spillover infections to A. agrarius naturally. The abundance of the phylogenetic lineages of SEOV suggested that central-south China was a radiation center for SEOVs.

Silica nanotubes (SNTs) were synthesized with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the template and used as the support to prepare ruthenium-based catalyst by slurry impregnation method. The catalyst was characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, H2-TPR and TEM; its performance in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor at 503 K and 1.0 MPa and compared with that of SiO2-supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/SiO2). The results indicated that ruthenium oxides can be completely reduced at 623 K by H2. For the SNT-supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/SNT), the ruthenium particles are mainly located inside the nanotubes and are still well dispersed on SNTs after H2 reduction. Compared with Ru/SiO2, the Ru/SNT catalyst exhibits higher activity in FTS because of the higher dispersion of ruthenium particles in SNTs.