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Fragment mass distributions from fission of the excited compound nucleus 178Pt have been deduced from the measured fragment velocities. The 178Pt nucleus was created at the JAEA tandem facility in a complete fusion reaction 36Ar + 142Nd, at beam energies of 155, 170 and 180 MeV. The data are indicative of a mixture of the mass-asymmetric and mass-symmetric fission modes associated with higher and lower total kinetic energies of the fragments, respectively. The measured fragment yields are dominated by asymmetric mass splits, with the symmetric mode contributing at the level of ≈1/3. This constitutes the first observation of a multimodal fission in the sub-lead region. Most probable experimental fragment-mass split of the asymmetric mode, AL/AH≈79/99, is well reproduced by nuclear density functional theory using the UNEDF1-HFB and D1S potentials. The symmetric mode is associated by theory with very elongated fission fragments, which is consistent with the observed total kinetic energy/fragment mass correlation. Keywords: 178Pt, Fusion–fission, Symmetric and asymmetric fission modes

In order to investigate nuclei produced via fusion–evaporation reactions, especially super-heavy elements (SHE), we have begun construction of a facility for conversion of fusion–evaporation residues (EVR) to low-energy beams. At the base of this facility is a small cryogenic gas cell utilizing a traveling wave RF-carpet, located directly following the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II, which will thermalize EVRs to convert them into ion beams amenable to ion trapping. We present here the results of initial studies of this small gas cell.

Resume Cet article propose un concept innovant de radiologie interventionnelle destinee aux patients victimes de traumatismes, instables sur le plan hemodynamique. La radiologie interventionnelle pour le controle des lesions ( Damage control interventional radiology [DCIR]) est un algorithme agressif, centre sur le temps, qui s’attache prioritairement a sauver la vie des patients hemorragiques in extremis, ce que la radiologie interventionnelle d’urgence (RIU) ne peut pas faire efficacement. En resume, la DCIR vise a sauver la vie, tandis que la RIU a pour objectif de controler l’hemorragie, en gardant constamment a l’esprit l’imperatif du temps. Cet article presente egalement le concept des strategies endovasculaires rapides en traumatologie ( Prompt and Rapid Endovascular Strategies in Traumatic Occasions [PRESTO]), qui surveille et prend en charge entierement les patients traumatises de leur arrivee dans le service d’urgence jusqu’a la realisation initiale de l’hemostase par des techniques endovasculaires. La devise de PRESTO « commencer tot et finir plus tot » est fondee sur l’activation plus precoce de l’equipe de radiologie interventionnelle, mais s’attache egalement a la realisation rapide de l’hemostase, pour laquelle la DCIR a ete specifiquement concue. La DCIR et PRESTO etendent le role de la radiologie interventionnelle et constituent un changement de paradigme dans les soins de traumatologie.

This article proposes an innovative concept of interventional radiology for hemodynamically unstable trauma patients. Damage control interventional radiology (DCIR) is an aggressive and time-conscious algorithm that prioritizes saving life of the hemorrhaging patient in extremis which conventional emergency interventional radiology (CEIR) cannot efficiently do. Briefly, DCIR aims to save life while CEIR aims to control bleeding with a constant concern to time-awareness. This article also presents the concept of “Prompt and Rapid Endovascular Strategies in Traumatic Occasions” (PRESTO) that entirely oversees and manages trauma patients from arrival to the trauma bay until initial completion of hemostasis with endovascular techniques. PRESTO's “Start soon and finish sooner” relies on the earlier activation of interventional radiology team but also emphasizes on a rapid completion of hemostasis in which DCIR has been specifically tailored. Both DCIR and PRESTO expand the role of IR and represent a paradigm shift in the realm of trauma care.

We designed a new gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II which consists of five magnets arranged in a Q v – D – Q h – Q v – D configuration. The construction of GARIS-II started in September 2008, and the spectrometer was installed in the RIKEN linear accelerator facility in March 2009. This separator has been developed for carrying out studies on actinide-based fusion reactions, including superheavy element chemistry. The solid angle of the separator was found to be 18.2 msr from measurement by using a standard 241Am source.

As next generation spectroscopic tools, heavy-ion cooler storage rings will be a unique application of highly charged RI beam experiments. Decay spectroscopy of highly charged rare isotopes provides us important information relevant to the stellar conditions, such as for the s- and r-process nucleosynthesis. In-ring decay products of highly charged RI will be momentum-analyzed and reach a position-sensitive detector set-up located outside of the storage orbit. To realize such in-ring decay experiments, we have developed and tested two types of high-resolution position-sensitive detectors: silicon strips and scintillating fibers. The beam test experiments resulted in excellent position resolutions for both detectors, which will be available for future storage-ring experiments.

We report results from an experiment on the decay of the high-K isomers in 254No. We have been able to establish the decay from the known high-lying four-quasiparticle isomer, which we assign as a K π = 16 + state at an excitation energy of E x = 2.928 ( 3 ) MeV . The decay of this state passes through a rotational band based on a previously unobserved state at E x = 2.012 ( 2 ) MeV , which we suggest is based on a two-quasineutron configuration with K π = 10 + . This state in turn decays to a rotational band based on the known K π = 8 − isomer, which we infer must also have a two quasineutron configuration. We are able to assign many new gamma-rays associated with the decay of the K π = 8 − isomer, including the identification of a highly K-forbidden Δ K = 8 E1 transition to the ground-state band. These results provide valuable new information on the orbitals close to the Fermi surface, pairing correlations, deformation and rotational response, and K-conservation in nuclei of the deformed trans-fermium region.

A new gas-cooled rotating target system was developed for the heaviest element production. A target wheel with a diameter of 30.0 cm could be rotated up to 3000 rpm. A helium gas introduced into the target chamber mounted upstream of a gas-filled recoil separator, which enables an effective gas cooling of the target. The development has led to the successful production of heavy nuclides via cold fusion reactions of 208 Pb( 64 Ni,n) 271 Ds, 209 Bi( 64 Ni,n) 272 Rg, 208 Pb( 70 Zn,n) 277 112, and 209 Bi( 70 Zn,n) 278 113.

A radiation calorimeter makes it possible to measure the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity of a solid sample simultaneously and independently. Because the three thermal quantities are not independent each other, a self-check of the reliability of the obtained values can also be made from results. Measurements were performed for ferroelectric BaTiO3 ceramics modified with a small amount of Zr, Sn, and Hf in the temperature range of 300–450 K. The modifier content was changed from 2.5 to 12 mol% of Ti ion. Results indicate that the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity changes from crystalline-like to amorphous-like with an increase of content.

We have developed a new beam intensity monitor based on the gas scintillation emitted from helium gas molecules in a gas-filled recoil ion separator. The emission spectrum from the gas scintillation was measured using a monochromator over a wavelength range of 380–750 nm. The emission strength as a function of the beam intensity was measured using a wavelength filter passing through the peak at 389 nm. The emission strength was correlated as a function of the beam intensity within an intensity range of 0.006 – 0.68 p μ A .

To investigate the production mechanism of projectile-like fragments (PLFs) at intermediate energies, the momentum distributions of PLFs produced in reactions at E / A = 95, 290, and 430MeV were measured at RIKEN and NIRS. A correlation and a systematics in the width of the transverse momentum distribution were derived from the results. The production cross sections derived from the observed momentum distributions show the target and the incident energy dependences.

A gas-filled recoil separator GARIS for heavy element research was installed at an experimental hall of the RIKEN linear Accelerator (RILAC) facility. One of the interesting applications of the separator is the discovery of nuclei of superheavy elements whose atomic number are grater then 110. We performed experiments to study productions and decays of heavy nuclei, (271)Ds and (272)111, which were produced with Pb-208 + Ni-64 --> (271)Ds + n and Bi-209 + Ni-64 --> (272)111 + it reactions. Fourteen atoms of (271)Ds and the same number of (272)111 were detected and identified. Existence of an isomeric state in (271)Ds was confirmed. In the decay chains of (272)111, spontaneous fission decays were observed in decay of (264)Bh and (260)Db.

We report a new method to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of the breakup fragments, as well as the total reaction cross section of their projectile, based on recently developed time-of-flight technique. Recent results of 16 C case are presented.

An experiment with a new array detector aiming the investigation of halo neutron pair pre-emission in Si( 11 Li, fusion) has been performed. New approaches for testing the true n-n coincidences against cross-talk have been worked out. Experimental evidence for residual correlation of the pre-emitted halo neutrons was found. The results obtained in building the nn correlation functions by using the available denominators are discussed. An experiment for getting the intrinsic n-n correlation function is proposed.

Background: Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is an anaphylaxy induced by physical exercise after ingestion of wheat. An immediate-type hypersensitivity to water/salt-insoluble fraction of wheat proteins (gluten) has been considered to underlie in this disease. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the major allergen in Japanese patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis by using a panel of purified wheat gliadins and glutenins. Methods: Water/salt-insoluble wheat proteins, α-gliadin, β-gliadin, γ-gliadin, fast ω-gliadin, slow ω-gliadin, high molecular weight glutenin and low molecular weight glutenin, were purified, and five patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis, whose diagnose had been determined by positive-challenge test, were evaluated for skin prick test, dot-blotting test and CAP–RAST inhibition test by using these purified wheat proteins. Results: The fast ω-gliadin was the most potent allergen among these water/salt-insoluble proteins when evaluated by skin prick test and dot-blotting test. Fast and slow ω-gliadin, and γ-gliadin caused dose-dependent inhibition of the serum IgE-binding to solid-phase gluten in the patients. The incubation with fast ω-gliadin of the patient's serum caused dose-dependent inhibition in the IgE-binding to γ-gliadin as well as slow ω-gliadin, indicating a cross-reactivity of these proteins in IgE-binding. Conclusion: We concluded that fast ω-gliadin is a major allergen among these water/salt-insoluble proteins for wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in Japanese patients, and IgE against fast ω-gliadin cross-reacts to γ-gliadin and slow ω-gliadin.

The longitudinal momentum distributions of 14 C and 15 C fragments from 16 C breakup have been measured at 83 A MeV by means of recently-developed direct time-of-flight technique. The distributions are characterized by FWHM of 142±14 MeV/ c and 90±9 MeV/ c for 14 C and 15 C, respectively. A Glauber-type analysis performed for the 15 C distribution gives the relative s -wave spectroscopic factor to be around 30%, which is smaller than that for the halo nucleus 15 C where the s -wave is dominant. The two-neutron removal cross section is found to be larger than the one-neutron cross section.

using a primary beam of 59 Co at 80 MeV/nucleon impinging on a berilium target, production cross-sections of neutron-rich fragments from projectile fragmentation have been measured at the Projectile Fragment Separator RIPS at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN - Japan). The experimental production cross-sections ranging from Na to Ti for isotopes close to stability as well as for fragments at the neutron drip-line are compared to the results of the empirical parametrization EPAX.

Porous alumina films formed by aluminum anodic oxidation have been intensively studied to use them as molds to form nanowires or dots. Recently we established the formation of porous alumina on solid substrates such as Si, and found a formation of an ordered aluminum hexagonal dot array after finishing of anodic oxidation on a SiO2 substrate. We investigated AFM nanoindentation to control the initial position of nanoholes during anodic oxidation, in order to realize nanoholes and dots with various sizes and densities. Arrays of nanoholes with a nearest neighbor distance from 50 to 120 nm were successfully formed. Al dot tetragonal and hexagonal arrays were formed after selective wet chemical etching of porous alumina film. Electron transport through Al nanodots array at low temperature exhibited a nonlinear characteristic with a suppression of current around zero bias, which strongly suggests existence of Coulomb blockade. 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

An experiment to measure γ-ray asymmetry A γ with a high precision in neutron-proton radiative capture is under construction at LANSCE. The experiment will determine the weak pion-nucleon coupling constant H π 1 ,, 30% of its predicted value.

The hypermetabolic response to burn increases protein catabolism. Euglycemic hyperinsu-linemia with exogenous insulin maintains muscle protein by continued stimulation of net protein synthesis. Our aim was to determine the effect of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia over the entire hospitalization on muscle anabolism by investigating lean body mass (LBM) as the primary endpoint.Eighteen subjects between the ages of 2 and 18 with burns of more than 40% were prospectively randomized into 2 groups, a control (n = 9) and a treatment group (n = 9). The treatment group was given continuous intravenous insulin at a rate of at least 1.5 microU/kg/min to maintain serum glucose levels between 100 to 140 mg/dL. Treatment was instituted 24 to 48 hours after arrival and continued until the patient's injury was 95% healed. All patients received continuous enteral feeding. Patients underwent body composition studies by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan on postoperative day 6 after initial burn excision and when 95% healed.Nutritional intakes were not different between groups. In the control, subjects continued catabolism resulted in peripheral muscle wasting and centripetal obesity with diminished truncal LBM. The treatment group had improvement in lean body mass (P =.004) and bone mass (P =.025). The treatment group also had less peripheral muscle wasting with overall increases in upper/lower extremity LBM (P =.005). Hospital length of stay in days per percent of total body surface area burned was decreased in the insulin group (control = 1.03 +/- 0.1 vs 0.7 +/- 0.9 for insulin patients; P.05).Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia throughout the hospital course mitigates muscle catabolism and preserves lean body mass.

It is unclear how and when insoluble beta-amyloid in senile plaques exerts degenerative effects on distant hippocampal neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Racemization of Ser and Asp residues of insoluble beta-amyloid is a typical age-dependent process. In this study, we investigated the fibril formation activity and cytotoxic activity of beta-amyloid 1-40 racemized at the Asp or Ser residue. In contrast to beta-amyloid 1-40 and its derivative substituted with the D-Asp(1, 7 or 23) or D-Ser(8) residue, [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40 was non-toxic to PC12 cells, and did not exhibit significant fibril formation activity making it soluble. However, [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40, but not beta-amyloid 1-40, was converted in vitro to a potent neurotoxic and truncated peptide, [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 25-35 or [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 25-40, by chymotrypsin-like enzymes and aminopeptidase M. Soluble [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40 was injected into rat hippocampus with a non-toxic dose of ibotenic acid, an excitatory amino acid. Nissl staining and microtubule-associated protein-2 immunostaining revealed that [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40, as well as [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 25-35, produced a drastic degeneration of the CA1 neurons with ibotenic acid although [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40 alone or ibotenic acid alone did not exert neuronal damage. This suggests the in vivo conversion of non-toxic [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40 to the toxic and truncated peptides which enhance the susceptibility of neurons to the excitatory amino acid.These results and the presence of [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 25-35-like antigens in Alzheimer's disease brains suggest that soluble [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40, possibly formed during the aging process, is released from senile plaques, and converted by brain proteinases to truncated [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 25-35(40)-like peptides, which degenerate hippocampal neurons by enhancing the susceptibility to excitatory amino acids in Alzheimer's disease brains. These findings may provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach to prevent the neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

A prototype of YAP(Ce) imager has been characterized with a high energy SR beam at the SPring-8 Facility, which has a [8×8] YAP(Ce) crystal matrix with optical separators. It has attained a 2D spatial resolution of 1 mm×1 mm with a detection efficiency higher than 50% in the energy region from 72 keV up to 84 keV.

Instantaneous switching to the voltage state of a superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) following a decrease in the critical current induced by a heavy ion beam was observed by introducing 40Ar particles with a kinetic energy of 95 MeV/nucleon into an Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb STJ. The particle detection by using this rapid switching of STJ could realize fast timing measurements at the level of ps.

Total oxide thickness and molar volume ratio for scanned probe microscopy (SPM) oxide nanostructures are obtained for a wide range of silicon substrates and exposure conditions by high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (HR XTEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Oxide density is shown to be a function of substrate doping and voltage pulse parameters. Dislocations produced by the SPM voltage pulse within the silicon substrate are reported from direct XTEM observation for the first time. These dislocations are completely annealed out at 600°C. The dimensional response of SPM oxides to annealing and/or mechanical stress imposed by metal deposition are found to be negligible for n-type substrates, but SPM oxide films on p-type substrates are strongly compressed or expanded. This behavior is attributed to the formation of positively charged defects and ionic/electronic recombination near the growing Si/SiO x interface. Implications of these results for use of SPM oxide in silicon nanodevice processing are discussed.

The weak interaction between neutrons and protons has never been resolved experimentally. In analogy with the strong NN interaction, the weak NN interaction at low energy can be parametrized in terms of a meson exchange model with parity violating meson–nucleon couplings. Unlike the measured proton–proton weak interaction, the neutron–proton weak interaction is sensitive to the weak pion–nucleon coupling constant Hπ1. This coupling, which is responsible for the longest-ranged part of the weak NN interaction and is therefore an essential part of any description of weak interactions in nuclei, remains undetermined despite many years of effort. A measurement of the gamma ray directional asymmetry Aγ in the capture of polarized neutrons by parahydrogen has been proposed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The goal of this experiment is to determine Aγ with a relative standard uncertainty of

Changes of tree-ring widths of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) trees growing in air-polluted and unpolluted areas were analyzed. In the stand close to an industrial complex, a large reduction in the series of tree-ring index (TRI), which were computed by removing endogenous effects from the measured series, appeared from the 1960s to 1970s. This reduction in radial tree growth was not explained by the climatic response model calibrated for a pre-pollution period. TRI changes corresponding with changes in concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), and a significant negative correlation between the TRI and SO2 concentration were found in the polluted area. Reduction in tree-ring growth was not seen in the unpolluted area. These results indicate that the past reduction in the growth of Japanese black pine trees growing in an industrial area was mainly caused by SO2.

At ILE, Osaka University, the development of large shells for a future laser fusion reactor and the improvement of the characterization technique for plastic shells used in current implosion experiments with the GEKKO XII laser system have been conducted. In the former, large polystyrene shells with 30–150-μm walls have been successfully fabricated using the conventional emulsion method. Our experimental results indicate that there is some centering force by which a non-uniform emulsion becomes uniform during the solidification process in the emulsion method. A model for this centering force is presented.

We analyze the sidereal daily variation of galactic cosmic-ray intensity observed by the Tibet air-shower (AS) array in one year from January to December 1992. The Tibet AS array can detect the incident direction of each AS and allows us to examine the daily variations in different declination bands on the celestial sphere. The average hourly AS count is 26,372 and the total observation period is 5,651 hours. We analyze the hourly count rates of AS classified into nine cells according to the incident direction of each AS. The hourly count rates are corrected for the atmospheric pressure effect and also for the spurious variation due to the change in the AS size-distribution. We find that the resultant daily variations in sidereal, solar and antisidereal time are influenced by a significant variation (∼0.5%) which is common for the viewing directions. It is also found that such common variation is well eliminated in the “difference” variations between the eastern and western cells. From the harmonic analysis of the “difference” variations, it is concluded that there is no significant variation observed in one year of data.

Senile plaques are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The major component of senile plaques is beta-amyloid which consists of approximately 4000 mol. wt of peptide. Accumulating evidence suggests that beta-amyloid may represent the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, beta-amyloid has been shown either to be directly neurotoxic or to potentiate neurotoxic effects of excitatory amino acids. However, beta-amyloid toxicity in vivo has not always been reproducible. In this study, we injected beta-amyloid fragment 1-40 or 25-35 alone or in combination with a small amount of ibotenic acid, an excitatory amino acid, into rat hippocampus, and examined the histological and immunohistochemical changes two weeks after injection. Although beta-amyloid alone or ibotenic acid alone exerted only minimal degenerating effects on neurons just around the injection site, the co-injection of beta-amyloid 1-40 or beta-amyloid 25-35 with ibotenic acid produced drastic neuronal loss; the haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that most neurons not only around the injection site but also in distant areas including CA1, CA4 and dentate gyrus were depleted. The neuronal loss occurred in a dose-dependent manner with respect to ibotenic acid. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that beta-amyloid with ibotenic acid induced great depletion of microtubule-associated protein-2 immunoreactivity and infiltration of astrocytes and microglia on neuronal loss. In addition, some apoptotic neuronal death indicated by DNA fragmentation and nucleic condensation was observed. Beta-amyloid depositions detected by two different types of anti-human beta-amyloid antibodies were limited to the injection site. Dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), an antagonist for an excitatory amino acid receptor, completely inhibited the neuronal death in rat hippocampus. These results suggest that the co-injection of beta-amyloid with a small amount of ibotenic acid provides a useful model for investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to Alzheimer's disease.

Parity-violating spin rotation of neutrons in a 139La target was observed in the vicinity of the 0.734 eV p-wave resonance. The measured angle of rotation, φpnc(E), shows a large enhancement around the resonance. The data are fitted with a theoretical function from the s-p mixing models of the parity-violation enhancement, yielding a parity mixing matrix element xW = 1.04 ± 0.40 meV which is in agreement with those previously obtained from the longitudinal asymmetry in the p-wave resonance cross section.

The Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB#6) aimed at studying the elemental and isotopic composition of galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles cosmic gamma ray bursts and auroral X-rays, and was launched from Syowa Station Antarctica, by the 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition on 5 Jan 1993. The balloon moved westward by 1.5 circumpolar rounds over Antarctica covering 6–13g/cm 2 atmospheric depth and 63°S–70°S geographic latitude. A total of 584 hours of observations was obtained. The balloon trajectory, the observing system and preliminary results of spectra and global distribution of cosmic radiation and auroral X-rays were described.

Measurements of helicity asymetries in slow neutron absorption reactions have been performed by detecting capture γ-rays. Large enhancements of parity-violation effect observed in these reactions are explained by interference between s- and p-wave resonances. The weak matrix element in hadronic reaction has been deduced from the results. Violation of time reversal invariance is being searched for in reactions in which large enhancement of the parity violation effect occurs. The same order of enhancement is expected in violation of time reversal invariance. The difference between the probability for helicity flip (+ → −) and that for (− → +) during transmission through a transversely polarized target is being measured. Recently, 139 La nuclei in LaAlO 3 crystal have been polarized successfully. The crystal is useful for the target, since the highest enhancement of the parity violation effect has been found for the 139 La target. The perspective of the experiment is shown.

1-Ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU) is a potent monofunctional ethylating agent that has been found to be mutagenic in a wide variety of mutagenicity test systems from viruses to mammalian germ cells. It also has been shown to induce tumors in various organs of mammals. ENU has been used only for research purposes. ENU possesses the dual action of ethylation and carbamoylation. The ethyl group can be transferred to nucleophilic sites of cellular constituents, and the carbonyl group can be transferred to an amino group of a protein. ENU is able to produce significant levels of alkylation at oxygens, such as the O6 position of guanine and the O4 position of thymine of DNA. The molecular genetic data obtained from ENU-induced mutants on various species suggest that ENU produces mainly GC-AT transitions and, to a small extent, AT-GC, AT-CG, AT-TA, GC-CG and GC-TA base substitutions. This mutation spectrum of ENU is different from that of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, which mainly induces GC-AT transitions. ENU is a most potent mutagen in mouse germ cells, especially in stem-cell spermatogonia. It induces intragenic mutations with high frequency in male mouse germ cells. ENU has been established as a model compound for exploring the effects of chemical mutagenesis on mouse germ cells.

The parity-nonconserving effect was investigated in low-energy (n, γ) reactions for several nuclei with mass numbers of ~100. The longitudinal asymmetry ( A L ) was measured in p-wave resonances for 139 La and 81 Br taking into account the possible angular dependence within the framework of the sp mixing model. A L for 139 La was found to be independent of the γ-ray energy thresholds within the experimental errors. From these results the relation between a γ-ray detection experiment and a neutron-transmission experiment is discussed. A L was measured in the p-wave resonances for 81 Br, 93 Nb, 108 Pd, 111 Cd, 124 Sn and 139 La. The obtained nonzero values of A L are A L = (9.8 ± 0.3)%, (2.1 ± 0.1)% and −(1.3 +0.7 −0.4 % for 139 La( E p = 0.734 eV), 81 Br( E p = 0.88 eV) and 111 Cd( E p = 4.53 eV), respectively. A theoretical interpretation is discussed in terms of the interference between two amplitudes of the s- and p-wave incident neutrons.

A procedure is described for preparation and single-step purification of F(ab')2 fragments, herein designated as F(ab')2 mu' from mouse monoclonal antibodies of the IgM class. Hydrophobic interaction high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using TSKgel Ether-5PW was well applicable to the purification. The IgM was digested with pepsin at the pepsin-to-IgM ratio of 1:200 (w/w) in 100 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.2) at 37 degrees C for 2 h. The digests were applied to the gel equilibrated with the buffer containing 1 M ammonium sulfate. F(ab')2 mu fragments were adsorbed onto the gel with the same buffer, and eluted by reducing the ammonium sulfate concentration to 0 M. The fraction containing F(ab')2 mu fragments was homogeneous (purity higher than 97%) by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration HPLC. The recovery of the antigen-binding site was 55-72%. The cycle time of the Ether-5PW HPLC was 40 min, and up to 98 mg F(ab')2 mu fragments. The molecular mass of F(ab')2 mu was estimated to be 144-146 kDa. In comparison with IgM, F(ab')2 mu lost entirely the complement C1q binding activity, and the sugar content was greatly reduced. The binding of IgM with non-specific proteins turned to be negligible, when IgM was converted to F(ab')2 mu, suggesting that the fragments are useful for immunological application.

A 4-layer 3-D IC was designed and fabricated as a primitive 3-D device with a function of parallel signal processing. The 3-D IC has the following 4 layers: optical sensor, level-detector, memory and ALU. The chip features array information input using optical sensor, vertical transfer of array information using via-holes and parallel processing. The fundamental operation of moving object sensing was confirmed.

For use as a spin analyzer for low energy neutrons, a polarized 3 He gas system was developed at KEK. The polarization attained of 3 He at 3 atm determined as P He = 40%, through the measurement of the transmission of unpolarized neutrons through the 3 He cell. The 3 He cell was used in the measurement of P-violating spin rotation of neutrons in the 0.734 eV p-wave resonance of the 139 La+n system. As a result, a parity mixing matrix element xW = 1.04 ± 0.40meV was obtained, which is in agreement with the s- and p-wave resonance mixing model. An attempt is under way to improve the performance of the spin analyzer, by increasing the 3 He pressure and incorporating high-power diode lasers. So far we have obtained P He = 12% at 20 atm.

Co wire array with 50 nm intervals was formed by electrodeposition in porous alumina template that was formed on Si substrate. Coercive field of Co wire array under perpendicular magnetic field significantly increased when aspect ratio increased from 1.5 to 2.5. This behavior was well explained by the micromagnetic simulation when magnetic anisotropy axis was assumed to be parallel to the substrate.