59 results on '"K. Nishijima"'
Search Results
2. Performance of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society versus European Society of Cardiology guideline criteria for hospital admission of patients with syncope
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Jeanne du Fay de Lavallaz, Tobias Zimmermann, Patrick Badertscher, Pedro Lopez-Ayala, Thomas Nestelberger, Òscar Miró, Emilio Salgado, Xenia Zaytseva, Michele Sara Gafner, Michael Christ, Louise Cullen, Martin Than, F. Javier Martin-Sanchez, Salvatore Di Somma, W. Frank Peacock, Dagmar I. Keller, Juan Pablo Costabel, Alan Sigal, Christian Puelacher, Desiree Wussler, Luca Koechlin, Ivo Strebel, Sereina Schuler, Robert Manka, Murat Bilici, Jens Lohrmann, Michael Kühne, Tobias Breidthardt, Carol L. Clark, Marc Probst, Thomas A. Gibson, Robert E. Weiss, Benjamin C. Sun, Christian Mueller, Velina Widmer, Kathrin Leu, Tobias Reichlin, Samyut Shrestha, Michael Freese, Philipp Krisai, Maria Belkin, Damian Kawecki, Beata Morawiec, Piotr Muzyk, Ewa Nowalany-Kozielska, Nicolas Geigy, Gemma Martinez-Nadal, Carolina Isabel Fuenzalida Inostroza, José Bustamante Mandrión, Imke Poepping, Jaimi Greenslade, Tracey Hawkins, Katharina Rentsch, Sandra Mitrovic, Arnold von Eckardstein, Andreas Buser, Stefan Osswald, Joan Walter, David H. Adler, Aveh Bastani, Christopher W. Baugh, Jeffrey M. Caterino, Deborah B. Diercks, Judd E. Hollander, Bret A. Nicks, Daniel K. Nishijima, Manish N. Shah, Kirk A. Stiffler, Scott T. Wilber, and Alan B. Storrow
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Hospitalization ,Physiology (medical) ,Cardiology ,Humans ,American Heart Association ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Hospitals ,Syncope ,United States ,Aged - Abstract
Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society (ACC/AHA/HRS) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend different strategies to avoid low-yield admissions in patients with syncope.The purpose of this study was to directly compare the safety and efficacy of applying admission criteria of both guidelines to patients presenting with syncope to the emergency department in 2 multicenter studies.The international BASEL IX (BAsel Syncope EvaLuation) study (median age 71 years) and the U.S. SRS (Improving Syncope Risk Stratification in Older Adults) study (median age 72 years) were investigated. Primary endpoints were sensitivity/specificity for the adjudicated diagnosis of cardiac syncope (BASEL IX only) and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (30d-MACE).Among 2560 patients in the BASEL IX and 2085 in SRS studies, ACC/AHA/HRS and ESC criteria recommended admission for a comparable number of patients in BASEL IX (27% vs 28%), but ACC/AHA/HRS criteria less often in SRS (19% vs 32%; P.01). Recommendations were discordant in ∼25% of patients. In BASEL IX, sensitivity for cardiac syncope and 30d-MACE among patients without admission criteria was comparable for ACC/AHA/HRS and ESC criteria (64% vs 65%, P = .86; and 67% vs 71%, P = .15, respectively). In SRS, sensitivity for 30d-MACE was lower with ACC/AHA/HRS (54%) vs ESC criteria (88%; P.001). Similarly, specificity for cardiac syncope and 30d-MACE in BASEL IX was comparable for both guidelines, but in SRS the ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines showed a higher specificity for 30d-MACE than the ESC guidelines.ACC/AHA/HRS and ESC guidelines showed disagreement regarding admission for 1 in 4 patients and had only modest sensitivity, all indicating possible opportunities for improvements.
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- 2022
3. Assessment of primary outcome measures for a clinical trial of pediatric hemorrhagic injuries
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T. Charles Casper, John M. VanBuren, Daniel J. Tancredi, Daniel K. Nishijima, Melissa M Gosdin, Randall S. Burd, Nathan Kuppermann, Rachel M. Stanley, Yaron Finkelstein, Hiba Naz, P. David Adelson, Sage R. Myers, and Hilary A. Hewes
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Transfusion requirement ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Qualitative Research ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Outcome measures ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,humanities ,Clinical trial ,Quality of Life ,Emergency Medicine ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,Intracranial Hemorrhages - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the acceptability of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and other outcomes as the primary outcomes for a pediatric hemorrhagic trauma trial (TIC-TOC) among clinicians. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods study that included an electronic questionnaire followed by teleconference discussions. Participants confirmed or rejected the PedsQL as the primary outcome for the TIC-TOC trial and evaluated and proposed alternative primary outcomes. Responses were compiled and a list of themes and representative quotes was generated. RESULTS: 73 of 91 (80%) participants completed the questionnaire. 61 (84%) participants agreed that the PedsQL is an appropriate primary outcome for children with hemorrhagic brain injuries. 32 (44%) participants agreed that the PedsQL is an acceptable primary outcome for children with hemorrhagic torso injuries, 27 (38%) participants were neutral, and 13 (18%) participants disagreed. Several themes were identified from responses, including that the PedsQL is an important and patient-centered outcome but may be affected by other factors, and that intracranial hemorrhage progression assessed by brain imaging (among patients with brain injuries) or blood product transfusion requirements (among patients with torso injuries) may be more objective outcomes than the PedsQL. CONCLUSIONS: The PedsQL was a well-accepted proposed primary outcome for children with hemorrhagic brain injuries. Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage progression was favored by a subset of clinicians. A plurality of participants also considered the PedsQL an acceptable outcome for selection for pediatric trauma clinical trial children with hemorrhagic torso injuries. Blood product transfusion requirement was favored by fewer participants.
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- 2021
4. Thoracic Spine Fracture in the Panscan Era
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William R. Mower, Gregory W. Hendey, Brigitte M. Baumann, Robert M. Rodriguez, Sergio Alvarez, Anthony J. Medak, Daniel K. Nishijima, Remy Bizimungu, Ali S. Raja, and Mark I. Langdorf
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Male ,Thoracic ,Radiography ,Wounds, Nonpenetrating ,Injury Severity Score ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Tomography ,Lumbar Vertebrae ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Accidents, Traffic ,Injuries and accidents ,Middle Aged ,X-Ray Computed ,Scapula ,Hospitalization ,Motorcycles ,Blunt trauma ,Wounds ,Cervical Vertebrae ,Emergency Medicine ,Spinal Fractures ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Female ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,musculoskeletal diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Rib Fractures ,Thoracic Injuries ,Clinical Sciences ,Thoracic Vertebrae ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,Humans ,Nonpenetrating ,Traffic ,Mortality ,Aged ,Pedestrians ,Hemothorax ,Multiple Trauma ,business.industry ,Neurosciences ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Emergency department ,Length of Stay ,Thoracic spine fracture ,Clavicle ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Good Health and Well Being ,Accidents ,Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects ,Accidental Falls ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Chest radiograph - Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE:In the current era of frequent chest computed tomography (CT) for adult blunt trauma evaluation, many minor injuries are diagnosed, potentially rendering traditional teachings obsolete. We seek to update teachings in regard to thoracic spine fracture by determining how often such fractures are observed on CT only (ie, not visualized on preceding trauma chest radiograph), the admission rate, mortality, and hospital length of stay of thoracic spine fracture patients, and how often thoracic spine fractures are clinically significant. METHODS:This was a preplanned analysis of prospectively collected data from the NEXUS Chest CT study conducted from 2011 to 2014 at 9 Level I trauma centers. The inclusion criteria were older than 14 years, blunt trauma occurring within 6 hours of emergency department (ED) presentation, and chest imaging (radiography, CT, or both) during ED evaluation. RESULTS:Of 11,477 enrolled subjects, 217 (1.9%) had a thoracic spine fracture; 181 of the 198 thoracic spine fracture patients (91.4%) who had both chest radiograph and CT had their thoracic spine fracture observed on CT only. Half of patients (49.8%) had more than 1 level of thoracic spine fracture, with a mean of 2.1 levels (SD 1.6 levels) of thoracic spine involved. Most patients (62%) had associated thoracic injuries. Compared with patients without thoracic spine fracture, those with it had higher admission rates (88.5% versus 47.2%; difference 41.3%; 95% confidence interval 36.3% to 45%), higher mortality (6.3% versus 4.0%; difference 2.3%; 95% confidence interval 0 to 6.7%), and longer length of stay (median 9 versus 6 days; difference 3 days; P
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- 2020
5. An impact analysis of the NEXUS Chest CT clinical decision rule
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Ralph C. Wang, Daniel K. Nishijima, Matthew J. Niedzwiecki, and Robert M. Rodriguez
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Thoracic Injuries ,Cost effectiveness ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Chest ct ,Wounds, Nonpenetrating ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blunt ,Clinical Decision Rules ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Clinical decision ,business.industry ,Decision Trees ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,Thorax ,Increased risk ,Blunt trauma ,Cohort ,Emergency Medicine ,Radiology ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Nexus (standard) - Abstract
Background The NEXUS Chest CT clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been proposed to safely guide selective chest CT use in blunt trauma evaluation. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the NEXUS Chest CT CDR to determine its impact on missed injuries, cost, and radiation exposure. Methods We constructed a decision model comparing two strategies: implementation of the NEXUS Chest CDR vs. usual care in the evaluation of adults with blunt trauma. We derived probabilities, clinical outcomes, effective radiation dose (ERD) from the NEXUS Chest CT validation cohort and costs from the Charge-master at the primary study site. Our primary outcomes were cost and effective radiation dose (ERD) per missed clinically significant injury (CSI). Results Using a hypothetical cohort of 1000 adults with blunt chest trauma in each arm, the base case model projected that the implementation of the CDR would result in 161 fewer chest CTs, 0.08 additional missed CSIs, a cost savings of $136,432 and a decrease in 1435 mSv, as compared to Usual Care. To detect one additional CSI, the Usual Care strategy would require 2015 more chest CTs with a cost of $1.8 million and 17,934 mSv more radiation. Conclusions Compared to usual care, implementation of the NEXUS Chest CT Major CDR in the evaluation of adults with blunt trauma would greatly reduce CT associated costs and radiation exposure with a slight increased risk of missed CSIs.
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- 2020
6. Older Adults With Isolated Rib Fractures Do Not Require Routine Intensive Care Unit Admission
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Daniel K. Nishijima, Garth H. Utter, Jessica A. Bowman, and Gregory J. Jurkovich
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hypoxemia ,law.invention ,Patient Admission ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,Trauma Centers ,law ,80 and over ,Intubation ,Registries ,Prospective Studies ,Older adult ,Lung ,Aged, 80 and over ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Health Services ,Intensive care unit ,Icu admission ,Intensive Care Units ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Respiratory ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Hypotension ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rib Fractures ,Critical Care ,Clinical Sciences ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Research ,medicine ,Humans ,Clinical decision ,Adverse effect ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged ,Rib fracture ,Oxygen desaturation ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,Emergency medicine ,Surgery ,business - Abstract
BackgroundOlder adults with isolated rib fractures are often admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) because of presumedly increased morbidity and mortality. However, evidence-based guidelines are limited. We sought to identify characteristics of these patients that predict the need for ICU care.Materials and methodsWe analyzed patients ≥50y old at our center during 2013-2017 whose only indication for ICU admission, if any, was isolated rib fractures. The primary outcome was any critical care intervention (e.g., intubation) or adverse event (e.g., hypoxemia) (CCIE) based on accepted critical care guidelines. We used stepwise logistic regression to identify characteristics that predict CCIEs.ResultsAmong 401 patients, 251 (63%) were admitted to an ICU. Eighty-three patients (33%) admitted to an ICU and 7 (5%) admitted to the ward experienced a CCIE. The most common CCIEs were hypotension (10%), frequent respiratory therapy (9%), and oxygen desaturation (8%). Predictors of CCIEs included incentive spirometry
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- 2020
7. Search for WIMP-129Xe inelastic scattering with particle identification in XMASS-I
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Kimiaki Masuda, Yong Hamb Kim, Y. Takeuchi, Y. D. Kim, Katsuhiko Sato, Kentaro Miuchi, K.B. Lee, Masaki Yamashita, K. Martens, N. Oka, Nam Young Kim, Hiroshi Ogawa, T. Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Itow, Yoshihiro Suzuki, K. Kanzawa, Lee Min-Kie, Masayuki Nakahata, Shogo Nakamura, B. D. Xu, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Atsushi Takeda, Y. Fukuda, Shigetaka Moriyama, Katsuki Hiraide, Ken-Ichi Fushimi, G. Kanzaki, Motoki Kobayashi, Shigeki Tasaka, M. Miyasaka, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Ko Abe, K. Nishijima, B. S. Yang, and Koichi Ichimura
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Physics ,Scintillation ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Inelastic scattering ,01 natural sciences ,Particle identification ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,WIMP ,Weakly interacting massive particles ,Excited state ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Event (particle physics) ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
A search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) was conducted with the single-phase liquid-xenon detector XMASS through inelastic scattering in which $^{129}$Xe nuclei were excited, using an exposure ($\rm 327\; kg \times 800.0 \; days$) 48 times larger than that of our previous study. The inelastic excitation sensitivity was improved by detailed evaluation of background, event classification based on scintillation timing that distinguished $\gamma$-rays and $\beta$-rays, and simultaneous fitting of the energy spectra of $\gamma$-like and $\beta$-like samples. No evidence of a WIMP signal was found. Thus, we set the upper limits of the inelastic channel cross section at 90\% confidence level, for example, $4.1\times 10^{-39} \;{\rm cm^2}$ for a $200\; {\rm GeV}/c^2$ WIMP. This result provides the most stringent limits on the SD WIMP-neutron interaction and is better by a factor of 7.7 at $200\;{\rm GeV}/c^2$ than the existing experimental limit., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures
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- 2019
8. The Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Functional Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis of the CRASH-2 Randomized Controlled Trial
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Ian Roberts, John M. VanBuren, Daniel K. Nishijima, Nathan Kuppermann, and Daniel J. Tancredi
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antifibrinolytic ,Randomization ,medicine.drug_class ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Population ,Hemorrhage ,Placebo ,Severity of Illness Index ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Middle Aged ,Physical Functional Performance ,Antifibrinolytic Agents ,Patient Discharge ,Confidence interval ,Tranexamic Acid ,Emergency Medicine ,Number needed to treat ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,business ,Tranexamic acid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Tranexamic acid improves survival in severely injured adults. However, its effectiveness on overall functional outcome is unknown. We hypothesized that tranexamic acid improves overall functional outcome compared with placebo in severely injured adults and conduct an exploratory analysis of the Clinical Randomization of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage (CRASH-2) data to investigate this hypothesis.We included injured adults from the CRASH-2 trial who were randomized 3 hours or less from injury. The primary outcome measure was functional status at hospital discharge or on day 28 if the subject was still in the hospital. Functional status was measured with the modified Oxford Handicap Scale, a 6-category ordinal functional outcome scale. We conducted 3 separate analyses using 3 different outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of tranexamic acid versus placebo on functional outcomes, including the mean utility-weighted modified Oxford Handicap Scale score (overall functional outcome), the area under the curve (based on functional outcome and rate of recovery), and a sliding dichotomy analysis (favorable versus unfavorable functional outcome) stratified by baseline mortality risk (stratified analysis).There were 13,432 patients (6,679 randomized to placebo and 6,753 to tranexamic acid) included in the study cohort. The mean utility-weighted modified Oxford Handicap Scale score was 0.66 (SD 0.33) for patients randomized to tranexamic acid compared with a mean of 0.64 (SD 0.34) for those randomized to placebo (mean difference 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 0.03). The area under the curve analysis demonstrated that patients randomized to tranexamic acid had a higher 28-day mean utility-weighted modified Oxford Handicap Scale score compared with those randomized to placebo (mean score 0.55 [SD 0.30] versus 0.53 [SD 0.31]; mean difference 0.02 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.03]). The sliding dichotomy analysis demonstrated heterogeneity of treatment effects across risk groups. The overall proportion of patients with favorable functional outcomes was higher in the tranexamic acid group (5,360/6,753 [79.4%]; 95% CI 78.4% to 80.3%) compared with the placebo group (5,174/6,679 [77.5%]; 95% CI 76.5% to 78.5%; difference 1.9% [95% CI 0.5% to 3.3%]; number needed to treat=52). When each risk group was tested separately, only the lowest-risk group (6% baseline mortality risk) demonstrated a statistically significant effect of tranexamic acid toward favorable functional outcomes (tranexamic acid versus placebo adjusted odds ratio 0.78; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.90). There were no differences between tranexamic acid and placebo in the other risk groups.Across 3 exploratory analyses, severely injured adult patients randomized within 3 hours from injury demonstrated better functional outcomes with tranexamic acid compared with placebo. When heterogeneity of treatment effects across risk groups was evaluated, only the lowest-risk group demonstrated a significant effect of tranexamic acid toward favorable outcomes. Given the overall safety and cost-effectiveness of tranexamic acid use in injured adults, our results further support the use of tranexamic acid for this population. Future trauma trials that evaluate tranexamic acid use should also consider functional status as an important outcome.
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- 2019
9. Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism Among Emergency Department Patients With Syncope: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
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Aveh Bastani, Marco L.A. Sivilotti, Longlong Huang, Christopher W. Baugh, Brian H. Rowe, Marie-Joe Nemnom, Sarah Gaudet, Alan B. Storrow, Susan Malveau, Daniel K. Nishijima, Manish N. Shah, Bret A. Nicks, Jeffrey M. Caterino, Scott T. Wilber, Muhammad Mukarram, Soo-Min Kim, Andrew D McRae, Annick N. Yagapen, Kirk A. Stiffler, David H. Adler, Judd E. Hollander, Benjamin C. Sun, Monica Taljaard, Carol L. Clark, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, and Deborah B. Diercks
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Adult ,Male ,Canada ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Syncope ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Pulmonary angiography ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,biology ,business.industry ,Syncope (genus) ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Emergency department ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,United States ,3. Good health ,Pulmonary embolism ,Embolism ,Concomitant ,Emergency Medicine ,Female ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Pulmonary Embolism ,business - Abstract
Study objective The prevalence of pulmonary embolism among patients with syncope is understudied. In accordance with a recent study with an exceptionally high pulmonary embolism prevalence, some advocate evaluating all syncope patients for pulmonary embolism, including those with another clear cause for their syncope. We seek to evaluate the pulmonary embolism prevalence among emergency department (ED) patients with syncope. Methods We combined data from 2 large prospective studies enrolling adults with syncope from 17 EDs in Canada and the United States. Each study collected the results of pulmonary embolism–related investigations (ie, D-dimer, ventilation-perfusion scan, or computed tomography [CT] pulmonary angiography) and 30-day adjudicated outcomes: pulmonary embolism or nonpulmonary embolism outcome (arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, serious hemorrhage, and death). Results Of the 9,374 patients enrolled, 9,091 (97.0%; median age 66 years, 51.9% women) with 30-day follow-up were analyzed: 547 (6.0%) were evaluated for pulmonary embolism (278 [3.1%] had D-dimer, 39 [0.4%] had ventilation-perfusion scan, and 347 [3.8%] had CT pulmonary angiography). Overall, 874 patients (9.6%) experienced 30-day serious outcomes: 818 patients (9.0%) with nonpulmonary embolism serious outcomes and 56 (prevalence 0.6%; 95% confidence interval 0.5% to 0.8%) with pulmonary embolism (including 8 [0.2%] out of 3521 patients diagnosed during the index hospitalization and 7 [0.1%] diagnosed after the index visit). Eighty-six patients (0.9%) died, and 4 deaths (0.04%) were related to pulmonary embolism. Only 11 patients (0.1%) with a nonpulmonary embolism serious condition had a concomitant pulmonary embolism. Conclusion The prevalence of pulmonary embolism is very low among ED patients with syncope, including those hospitalized after syncope. Although an underlying pulmonary embolism may cause syncope, clinicians should be cautious about indiscriminate investigations for pulmonary embolism.
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- 2019
10. Recurrent syncope is not an independent risk predictor for future syncopal events or adverse outcomes
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Scott T. Wilber, Alan B. Storrow, Bret A. Nicks, Christopher W. Baugh, Robert E. Weiss, Aveh Bastani, Deborah B. Diercks, Benjamin C. Sun, David H. Adler, Judd E. Hollander, Carol L. Clark, Erica Su, Susan Malveau, Jeffrey M. Caterino, Daniel K. Nishijima, Annick N. Yagapen, Anna Marie Chang, Manish N. Shah, and Kirk A. Stiffler
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Male ,Aging ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular ,Lower risk ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Syncope ,Coronary artery disease ,Hospital ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Recurrence ,Risk Factors ,Clinical Research ,80 and over ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,First episode ,Emergency Service ,biology ,business.industry ,Syncope (genus) ,Case-control study ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,Heart Disease ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Case-Control Studies ,Cohort ,Emergency Medicine ,Female ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business - Abstract
Almost 20% of patients with syncope will experience another event. It is unknown whether recurrent syncope is a marker for a higher or lower risk etiology of syncope. The goal of this study is to determine whether older adults with recurrent syncope have a higher likelihood of 30-day serious clinical events than patients experiencing their first episode. METHODS: This study is a pre-specified secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective, observational study conducted at 11 emergency departments in the US. Adults 60 years or older who presented with syncope or near syncope were enrolled. The primary outcome was occurrence of 30-day serious outcome. The secondary outcome was 30-day serious cardiac arrhythmia. In multivariate analysis, we assessed whether prior syncope was an independent predictor of 30-day serious events. RESULTS: The study cohort included 3580 patients: 1281 (35.8%) had prior syncope and 2299 (64.2%) were presenting with first episode of syncope. 498 (13.9%) patients had 1 prior episode while 771 (21.5%) had more than 1 prior episode. Those with recurrent syncope were more likely to have congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, previous diagnosis of arrhythmia, and an abnormal ECG. Overall, 657 (18.4%) of the cohort had a serious outcome by 30 days after index ED visit. In multivariate analysis, we found no significant difference in risk of events (adjusted odds ratio 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.31; p=0.387). CONCLUSION: In older adults with syncope, a prior history of syncope within the year does not increase the risk for serious 30-day events. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
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- 2019
11. QTc prolongation as a marker of 30-day serious outcomes in older patients with syncope presenting to the Emergency Department
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Benjamin C. Sun, Jennifer L. White, Anna Marie Chang, Manish N. Shah, Kirk A. Stiffler, Deborah B. Diercks, Daniel K. Nishijima, David H. Adler, Judd E. Hollander, Christopher W. Baugh, Erica Su, Annick N. Yagapen, Robert E. Weiss, Aveh Bastani, Jeffrey M. Caterino, Scott T. Wilber, Alan B. Storrow, Bret A. Nicks, Susan Malveau, and Carol L. Clark
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Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Multivariate analysis ,Risk Assessment ,QT interval ,Syncope ,Electrocardiography ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Older patients ,Heart Conduction System ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,cardiovascular diseases ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,biology ,Bundle branch block ,business.industry ,Syncope (genus) ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,Emergency department ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Long QT Syndrome ,Logistic Models ,Multivariate Analysis ,Cohort ,Emergency Medicine ,Female ,Observational study ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business - Abstract
Syncope is a common chief complaint in the ED, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a routine diagnostic tool in the evaluation of syncope. We assessed whether increasingly prolonged QTc intervals are associated with composite 30-day serious outcomes in older adults presenting to the ED with syncope.This is a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study at 11 EDs in adults 60 years or older who presented with syncope or near syncope. We excluded patients presenting without an ECG, measurement of QTc, non-sinus rhythm, bundle branch block or those without 30-day follow-up. We categorized QTc cutoffs into values of451; 451-470; 471-500, and500 ms. We determined the rate of composite 30-day serious outcomes including ED serious outcomes and 30-day arrhythmias not identified in ED.The study cohort included 2609 patients. There were 1678 patients (64.3%) that had QTc intervals451 ms; 544 (20.8%) were 451-470 ms; 302 (11.6%) were 471-500 ms, and 85 (3.3%) had intervals500 ms. Composite 30-day serious outcomes was associated with increasingly prolonged QTc intervals (13.0%, 15.3%, 18.2%, 22.4%, p = 0.01), but this association did not persist in multivariate analysis.In a cohort of older patients presenting with syncope, increased QTc interval was a marker of but was not independently predictive of composite 30-day serious outcomes.
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- 2019
12. Development of low radioactivity photomultiplier tubes for the XMASS-I detector
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Ko Abe, M. Kobayashi, N. Oka, Yong Hamb Kim, Hiroshi Ogawa, K. Martens, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, K. Kanzawa, Nam Young Kim, M. Miyasaka, T. Norita, K. Nishijima, Shigetaka Moriyama, Katsuki Hiraide, Shogo Nakamura, Y. Takeuchi, K.B. Lee, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Kentaro Miuchi, Koichi Ichimura, Lee Min-Kie, Kimiaki Masuda, G. Kanzaki, R. Fujita, Masayuki Nakahata, H. Takiya, Yoshitaka Itow, O. Takachio, Y. D. Kim, Masaki Yamashita, R. Kegasa, K. Kobayashi, Katsuhiko Sato, B. D. Xu, B. S. Yang, K. Hosokawa, Atsushi Takeda, Ken-Ichi Fushimi, and Shigeki Tasaka
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Optics ,Xenon ,0103 physical sciences ,Screening method ,010306 general physics ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Hexagonal crystal system ,business.industry ,Detector ,Dynode ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,chemistry ,Photonics ,business ,Kovar ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
XMASS-I is a single-phase liquid xenon detector whose purpose is direct detection of dark matter. To achieve the low background requirements necessary in the detector, a new model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), R10789, with a hexagonal window was developed based on the R8778 PMT used in the XMASS prototype detector. We screened the numerous component materials for their radioactivity. During development, the largest contributions to the reduction of radioactivity came from the stem and the dynode support. The glass stem was exchanged to the Kovar alloy one and the ceramic support were changed to the quartz one. R10789 is the first model of Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. that adopted these materials for low background purposes and provided a groundbreaking step for further reductions of radioactivity in PMTs. Measurements with germanium detectors showed 1.2$\pm$0.3 mBq/PMT of $^{226}$Ra, less than 0.78 mBq/PMT of $^{228}$Ra, 9.1$\pm$2.2 mBq/PMT of $^{40}$K, and 2.8$\pm$0.2 mBq/PMT of $^{60}$Co. In this paper, the radioactive details of the developed R10789 are described together with our screening methods and the components of the PMT., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
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- 2019
13. Search for dark matter in the form of hidden photons and axion-like particles in the XMASS detector
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Katsuki Hiraide, Y. D. Kim, Kentaro Miuchi, Shigeki Tasaka, K. Kobayashi, Hiroshi Ogawa, K. Nishijima, Shigetaka Moriyama, Y. Takeuchi, Takatoshi Suzuki, Masayuki Nakahata, K.B. Lee, Yong Hamb Kim, Nam Young Kim, B. S. Yang, M. Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Masaki Yamashita, B. D. Xu, Kimiaki Masuda, Lee Min-Kie, Yoshitaka Itow, Atsushi Takeda, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, O. Takachio, K. Martens, G. Kanzaki, Ken-Ichi Fushimi, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Ko Abe, Koichi Ichimura, K. Kanzawa, M. Miyasaka, Katsuhiko Sato, N. Oka, and Shogo Nakamura
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cold dark matter ,Photon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Xenon ,0103 physical sciences ,Axion-like particle ,010306 general physics ,Axion ,Low background ,media_common ,Boson ,Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Universe ,chemistry ,Hidden photon ,Liquid xenon ,lcsh:Physics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Hidden photons and axion-like particles are candidates for cold dark matter if they were produced non-thermally in the early universe. We conducted a search for both of these bosons using 800 live-days of data from the XMASS detector with 327 kg of liquid xenon in the fiducial volume. No significant signal was observed, and thus we set constraints on the $\alpha' / \alpha$ parameter related to kinetic mixing of hidden photons and the coupling constant $g_{Ae}$ of axion-like particles in the mass range from 40 to 120 keV/$c^2$, resulting in $\alpha' / \alpha < 6 \times 10^{-26}$ and $g_{Ae} < 4 \times 10^{-13}$. These limits are the most stringent derived from both direct and indirect searches to date., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures
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- 2018
14. A technique for estimating the absolute gain of a photomultiplier tube
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Hideaki Katagiri, S. Gunji, Tokonatsu Yamamoto, T. Saito, Daniel Mazin, Yukikatsu Terada, J. Takeda, D. Nakajima, Aya Bamba, Takeshi Nakamori, Yusuke Konno, Tatsuo Yoshida, Y. Inome, S. Yoshii, Razmik Mirzoyan, Soki Sakurai, Hideyuki Ohoka, J. Kushida, K. Nishijima, Masahiro Teshima, D. Hadasch, T. Nagayoshi, M. Takahashi, S. Mashuda, S. Nozaki, M. Hayashida, Hidetoshi Kubo, Fuyuki Tokanai, and Reiko Orito
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Photomultiplier ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Photon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Poisson distribution ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Absolute gain ,symbols.namesake ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Instrumentation ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Noise (signal processing) ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Photoelectric effect ,Amplification factor ,symbols ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,business - Abstract
Detection of low-intensity light relies on the conversion of photons to photoelectrons, which are then multiplied and detected as an electrical signal. To measure the actual intensity of the light, one must know the factor by which the photoelectrons have been multiplied. To obtain this amplification factor, we have developed a procedure for estimating precisely the signal caused by a single photoelectron. The method utilizes the fact that the photoelectrons conform to a Poisson distribution. The average signal produced by a single photoelectron can then be estimated from the number of noise events, without requiring analysis of the distribution of the signal produced by a single photoelectron. The signal produced by one or more photoelectrons can be estimated experimentally without any assumptions. This technique, and an example of the analysis of a signal from a photomultiplier tube, are described in this study., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures
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- 2018
15. Search for event bursts in XMASS-I associated with gravitational-wave events
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K. Martens, Kentaro Miuchi, Motoki Kobayashi, Y. Takeuchi, Masayuki Nakahata, Shogo Nakamura, Masaki Yamashita, B. D. Xu, Nam Young Kim, H. Ogawa, K.B. Lee, K. Kanzawa, B. S. Yang, Atsushi Takeda, Kimiaki Masuda, N. Oka, Shigeki Tasaka, G. Kanzaki, Ken-Ichi Fushimi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, Katsuki Hiraide, T. Suzuki, K. Abe, M. Miyasaka, Yeongduk Kim, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Shigetaka Moriyama, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Itow, Yong Hamb Kim, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, K. Nishijima, Katsuhiko Sato, Lee Min-Kie, and Koichi Ichimura
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Scattering ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Event (relativity) ,Detector ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,Neutron star ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutrino ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
We performed a search for event bursts in the XMASS-I detector associated with 11 gravitational-wave events detected during LIGO/Virgo’s O1 and O2 periods. Simple and loose cuts were applied to the data collected in the full 832 kg xenon volume around the detection time of each gravitational-wave event. The data were divided into four energy regions ranging from keV to MeV. Without assuming any particular burst models, we looked for event bursts in sliding windows with various time width from 0.02 to 10 s. The search was conducted in a time window between − 400 and + 10 , 000 s from each gravitational-wave event. For the binary neutron star merger GW170817, no significant event burst was observed in the XMASS-I detector and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on neutrino fluence for the sum of all the neutrino flavors via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The obtained upper limit was (1.3–2.1) × 10 11 cm − 2 under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum with average neutrino energy of 20 MeV. The neutrino fluence limits for mono-energetic neutrinos in the energy range between 14 and 100 MeV were also calculated. Among the other 10 gravitational wave events detected as the binary black hole mergers, a burst candidate with a 3.0 σ significance was found at 1801.95–1803.95 s in the analysis for GW151012. However, no significant deviation from the background in the reconstructed energy and position distributions was found. Considering the additional look-elsewhere effect of analyzing the 11 GW events, the significance of finding such a burst candidate associated with any of them is 2.1 σ .
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- 2021
16. Detectability of galactic supernova neutrinos coherently scattered on xenon nuclei in XMASS
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Y. Takeuchi, K.B. Lee, Shogo Nakamura, N. Oka, R. Fujita, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, Shigeki Tasaka, Nam Young Kim, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, K. Martens, Masayuki Nakahata, Masaki Yamashita, Kentaro Miuchi, Y. Onishi, Koichi Ichimura, Hiroshi Ogawa, Ko Abe, K. Hosokawa, Y. D. Kim, I. Murayama, B.S. Yang, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Katsuki Hiraide, Atsushi Takeda, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, K. Fujii, Jing Liu, Jong-Man Lee, K. Kobayashi, Lee Min-Kie, T. Norita, Kimiaki Masuda, K. Nishijima, Shigetaka Moriyama, M. Kobayashi, H. Takiya, Yoshitaka Itow, Yong Hamb Kim, R. Kegasa, O. Takachio, and H. Uchida
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Stellar evolution ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Betelgeuse ,Astroparticle physics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Solar neutrino problem ,Supernova ,Neutrino detector ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) plays a crucial role at the final evolution of stars. The detection of it would be of importance in astroparticle physics. Among all available neutrino sources, galactic supernovae give the highest neutrino flux in the MeV range. Among all liquid xenon dark matter experiments, XMASS has the largest sensitive volume and light yield. The possibility to detect galactic supernova via the CEvNS-process on xenon nuclei in the current XMASS detector was investigated. The total number of events integrated in about 18 seconds after the explosion of a supernova 10~kpc away from the Earth was expected to be from 3.5 to 21.1, depending on the supernova model used to predict the neutrino flux, while the number of background events in the same time window was measured to be negligible. All lead to very high possibility to detect CEvNS experimentally for the first time utilizing the combination of galactic supernovae and the XMASS detector. In case of a supernova explosion as close as Betelgeuse, the total observable events can be more than ten thousand, making it possible to distinguish different supernova models by examining the evolution of neutrino event rate in XMASS., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures
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- 2017
17. Prevalence of Chest Injury With the Presence of NEXUS Chest Criteria: Data to Inform Shared Decisionmaking About Imaging Use
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Brigitte M. Baumann, Robert M. Rodriguez, Ali S. Raja, Arian Gower, Gregory W. Hendey, Daniel K. Nishijima, William R. Mower, Mark I. Langdorf, Anthony J. Medak, and Jennifer Lanning
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Thoracic Injuries ,Radiography ,Decision Making ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Chest injury ,Wounds, Nonpenetrating ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Trauma Severity Indices ,Chest imaging ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,Blunt trauma ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Medical emergency ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Nexus (standard) - Abstract
© 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians Study objective The NEXUS chest decision instrument identifies a very-low-risk population of patients with blunt trauma for whom chest imaging can be avoided. However, it requires that all 7 National Emergency X-Ray Utilization Study (NEXUS) chest criteria be absent. To inform patient and physician shared decisionmaking about imaging, we describe the test characteristics of individual criteria of the NEXUS chest decision instrument and provide the prevalence of injuries when 1, 2, or 3 of the 7 criteria are present. Methods We conducted this secondary analysis of 2 prospectively collected cohorts of patients with blunt trauma who were older than 14 years and enrolled in NEXUS chest studies between December 2009 and January 2012. Physicians at 9 US Level I trauma centers recorded the presence or absence of the 7 NEXUS chest criteria. We calculated test characteristics of each criterion and combinations of criteria for the outcome measures of major clinical injuries and thoracic injury observed on chest imaging. Results We enrolled 21,382 patients, of whom 992 (4.6%) had major clinical injuries and 3,135 (14.7%) had thoracic injuries observed on chest imaging. Sensitivities of individual test characteristics ranged from 15% to 56% for major clinical injury and 14% to 53% for thoracic injury observed on chest imaging, with specificities varying from 71% to 84% for major clinical injury and 67% to 84% for thoracic injury observed on chest imaging. Individual criteria were associated with a prevalence of major clinical injury between 1.9% and 3.8% and of thoracic injury observed on chest imaging between 5.3% and 11.5%. Conclusion Patients with isolated NEXUS chest criteria have low rates of major clinical injury. The risk of major clinical injury for patients with 2 or 3 factors range from 1.7% to 16.6%, depending on the combination of criteria. Criteria-specific risks could be used to inform shared decisionmaking about the need for imaging by patients and their physicians.
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- 2016
18. Direct dark matter search by annual modulation in XMASS-I
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K. Abe, K. Hiraide, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, T. Norita, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, O. Takachio, A. Takeda, M. Yamashita, B.S. Yang, N.Y. Kim, Y.D. Kim, S. Tasaka, K. Fushimi, J. Liu, K. Martens, Y. Suzuki, B.D. Xu, R. Fujita, K. Hosokawa, K. Miuchi, Y. Onishi, N. Oka, Y. Takeuchi, Y.H. Kim, J.S. Lee, K.B. Lee, M.K. Lee, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, R. Kegasa, K. Masuda, H. Takiya, K. Nishijima, and S. Nakamura
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,SIMPLE (dark matter experiment) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Dark matter ,Massive particle ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Amplitude ,Xenon ,chemistry ,WIMP ,DAMA/NaI ,0103 physical sciences ,Liquid xenon ,Annual modulation ,010306 general physics ,Light dark matter ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
A search for dark matter was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal due to the Earth's rotation around the Sun using XMASS, a single phase liquid xenon detector. The data used for this analysis was 359.2 live days times 832 kg of exposure accumulated between November 2013 and March 2015. When we assume Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter elastically scattering on the target nuclei, the exclusion upper limit of the WIMP–nucleon cross section 4.3×10−41 cm2 at 8 GeV/c$^{2}$ was obtained and we exclude almost all the DAMA/LIBRA allowed region in the 6 to 16 GeV/c$^{2}$ range at ∼10$^{−40}$ cm$^{2}$. The result of a simple modulation analysis, without assuming any specific dark matter model but including electron/γ events, showed a slight negative amplitude. The p-values obtained with two independent analyses are 0.014 and 0.068 for null hypothesis, respectively. We obtained 90% C.L. upper bounds that can be used to test various models. This is the first extensive annual modulation search probing this region with an exposure comparable to DAMA/LIBRA.
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- 2016
19. Real-time supernova neutrino burst monitor at Super-Kamiokande
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A. T. Suzuki, J. F. Martin, T. Nakadaira, G. Carminati, Makoto Sakuda, K. Iyogi, J. L. Raaf, K. Sakashita, K. Kaneyuki, Takaaki Kajita, T. Sekiguchi, E. Kearns, R. A. Wendell, Masashi Yokoyama, Yasunari Suzuki, Y. Hayato, M. Ikeda, John Hill, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. Goldhaber, S. N. Smith, Seiko Hirota, T. Kikawa, C. Yanagisawa, Yejin Zhang, T. Ishizuka, L. Marti, K. Tateishi, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, J. S. Jang, A. Himmel, Song Chen, K. Nishijima, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, Takaaki Mori, Kate Scholberg, W. E. Keig, V. Takhistov, Atsushi Takeda, Shigeki Tasaka, E. Richard, J. L. Stone, L. R. Sulak, K. Ieki, Yusuke Suda, Hirokazu Ishino, K. S. Ganezer, R. J. Wilkes, S. Moriyama, R. Tacik, Masayuki Nakahata, I. Kametani, M. Miura, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, K. P. Lee, C. K. Jung, Yoshitaka Itow, J. Imber, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Koh Ueno, H.A. Tanaka, M. J. Wilking, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, A. Konaka, M. B. Smy, Kimihiro Okumura, T. Tomura, H. Okazawa, Y. Kuno, S. Nakayama, T. Yokozawa, T. Tsukamoto, C. Bronner, T. Akiri, B. L. Hartfiel, S. Mine, S. Berkman, J. G. Learned, J. Gustafson, S. Matsuno, T. McLachlan, Takehisa Hasegawa, J. Kameda, P. Fernandez, K. Connolly, P. Mijakowski, K. Choi, K. Huang, Kazuhiro Suzuki, A. Kibayashi, Y. Koshio, T. Ishida, M. Koshiba, H. K. Tanaka, M. R. Vagins, A. Murakami, A. Minamino, G. Mitsuka, I. T. Lim, P. de Perio, T. Yano, A. L. Renshaw, Kenzo Nakamura, Yuichi Oyama, R. Yamaguchi, K. Abe, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, T. Wongjirad, Y. Takeuchi, T. Ishii, K. Martens, Y. Nishimura, C. W. Walter, N. Hong, Joshua Hignight, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, Yuuki Nakano, T. J. Irvine, Y. Haga, P. Weatherly, and H. W. Sobel
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Solar neutrino ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Solar neutrino problem ,01 natural sciences ,Cosmic neutrino background ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Neutrino detector ,0103 physical sciences ,Measurements of neutrino speed ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino astronomy ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Super-Kamiokande ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) - Abstract
We present a real-time supernova neutrino burst monitor at Super-Kamiokande (SK). Detecting supernova explosions by neutrinos in real time is crucial for giving a clear picture of the explosion mechanism. Since the neutrinos are expected to come earlier than light, a fast broadcasting of the detection may give astronomers a chance to make electromagnetic radiation observations of the explosions right at the onset. The role of the monitor includes a fast announcement of the neutrino burst detection to the world and a determination of the supernova direction. We present the online neutrino burst detection system and studies of the direction determination accuracy based on simulations at SK., 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
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- 2016
20. Search for two-neutrino double electron capture on 124Xe with the XMASS-I detector
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Y. D. Kim, Y. Takeuchi, Kentaro Miuchi, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, H. Uchida, K.B. Lee, K. Martens, H. Takiya, Yoshitaka Itow, Yong Hamb Kim, Shigeki Tasaka, Koichi Ichimura, Katsuki Hiraide, R. Fujita, Kimiaki Masuda, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Y. Fukuda, K. Hosokawa, Y. Onishi, Motoki Kobayashi, Lee Min-Kie, Atsushi Takeda, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, O. Takachio, K. Fujii, K. Nishijima, I. Murayama, R. Kegasa, B. S. Yang, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Masaki Yamashita, Yoshihiro Suzuki, K. Abe, T. Norita, Jing Liu, Nam Young Kim, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Jong-Man Lee, N. Oka, Shogo Nakamura, and H. Ogawa
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Electron capture ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Electron ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Xenon ,Neutrino ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Physics ,Double electron capture ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Lepton number ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,MAJORANA ,chemistry ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Liquid xenon ,Atomic physics ,lcsh:Physics ,Radioactive decay - Abstract
Double electron capture is a rare nuclear decay process in which two orbital electrons are captured simultaneously in the same nucleus. Measurement of its two-neutrino mode would provide a new reference for the calculation of nuclear matrix elements whereas observation of its neutrinoless mode would demonstrate lepton number violation. A search for two-neutrino double electron capture on $^{124}$Xe is performed using 165.9 days of data collected with the XMASS-I liquid xenon detector. No significant excess above background was observed and we set a lower limit on the half-life as $4.7 \times 10^{21}$ years at 90% confidence level. The obtained limit has ruled out parts of some theoretical expectations. We obtain a lower limit on the $^{126}$Xe two-neutrino double electron capture half-life of $4.3 \times 10^{21}$ years at 90% confidence level as well., 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
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- 2016
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21. Pulmonary contusion in the pan-scan era
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Gregory W. Hendey, William R. Mower, Anthony J. Medak, Benjamin T. Friedman, Brigitte M. Baumann, Robert M. Rodriguez, Daniel K. Nishijima, Ali S. Raja, and Mark I. Langdorf
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Male ,Thoracic ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Chest trauma ,Wounds, Nonpenetrating ,Injury Severity Score ,0302 clinical medicine ,Trauma Centers ,Pulmonary contusion ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective cohort study ,Tomography ,Lung ,General Environmental Science ,Lung Injury ,Injuries and accidents ,Middle Aged ,X-Ray Computed ,Observational Studies as Topic ,Blunt trauma ,Wounds ,Public Health and Health Services ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Female ,Radiology ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thoracic Injuries ,Contusions ,Clinical Sciences ,Nursing ,Lung injury ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chest CT ,Clinical Research ,medicine ,Humans ,Nonpenetrating ,Clinical significance ,Mechanical ventilation ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Emergency department ,Length of Stay ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Radiography ,Orthopedics ,Injury (total) Accidents/Adverse Effects ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
Background Although pulmonary contusion (PC) is traditionally considered a major injury requiring intensive monitoring, more frequent detection by chest CT in blunt trauma evaluation may diagnose clinically irrelevant PC. Objectives We sought to determine (1) the frequency of PC diagnosis by chest CT versus chest X-ray (CXR), (2) the frequency of PC-associated thoracic injuries, and (3) PC patient clinical outcomes (mortality, length of stay [LOS], and need for mechanical ventilation), considering patients with PC seen on chest CT only (SOCTO) and isolated PC (PC without other thoracic injury). Methods Focusing primarily on patients who had both CXR and chest CT, we conducted a pre-planned analysis of two prospectively enrolled cohorts with the following inclusion criteria: age >14 years, blunt trauma within 24 h of emergency department presentation, and receiving CXR or chest CT during trauma evaluation. We defined PC and other thoracic injuries according to CT reports and followed patients through their hospital course to determine clinical outcomes. Results Of 21,382 enrolled subjects, 8661 (40.5%) had both CXR and chest CT and 1012 (11.7%) of these had PC, making it the second most common injury after rib fracture. PC was SOCTO in 739 (73.0%). Most (73.5%) PC patients had other thoracic injury. PC patients had higher admission rates (91.9% versus 61.7%; mean difference 30.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 28.1–32.1%) and mortality (4.7% versus 2.0%: mean difference 2.8%; 95% CI 1.6–4.3%) than non-PC patients, but mortality was restricted to patients with other injuries (injury severity scores > 10). Patients with PC SOCTO had low rates of associated mechanical ventilation (4.6%) and patients with isolated PC SOCTO had low mortality (2.6%), comparable to that of patients without PC. Conclusions PC is commonly diagnosed under current blunt trauma imaging protocols and most PC are SOCTO with other thoracic injury. Given that they are associated with low mortality and uncommon need for mechanical ventilation, isolated PC and PC SOCTO may be of limited clinical significance.
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- 2016
22. Micro-source development for XMASS experiment
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Y. Onishi, Y. D. Kim, K. Kobayashi, K. Ueshima, Y. Nishitani, K. Nishijima, Shigetaka Moriyama, H. Nishiie, H. Takiya, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Martens, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Lee Min-Kie, Katsuki Hiraide, Hiroshi Ogawa, Jing Liu, Yong Hamb Kim, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Sekiya, D. Umemoto, Kentaro Miuchi, Y. Fukuda, I. Murayama, B.S. Yang, Masayuki Nakahata, Ko Abe, Y. Takeuchi, Nam Young Kim, K. Hosokawa, K.B. Lee, Atsushi Takeda, Masaki Yamashita, N. Oka, Kimiaki Masuda, Shigeki Tasaka, K. Fujii, A. Shinozaki, K. Hieda, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, O. Takachio, Yoshihisa Otsuka, D. Motoki, A. Murata, Jong-Man Lee, F. Kusaba, S. Hirano, H. Uchida, and Shogo Nakamura
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Fabrication ,Optics ,business.industry ,Detector ,Dark matter ,Source material ,Calibration ,Tube (container) ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
XMASS is a multipurpose liquid-xenon detector that currently aims to directly detect dark matter. In this paper, we describe the fabrication and characterization of reference sources used for the energy calibration and position reconstruction of the present XMASS detector. Several gamma-ray sources were produced in the form of a sealed needle-source. A thin-wall tube with a diameter of approximately 0.2 mm was sealed at both ends, with the 241 Am or 57 Co source material contained inside. The active region of the source was observed to be 1–2 mm long, close to the tip of the needle. These sources were tested in the XMASS detector, and the results were compared with Monte-Carlo simulations.
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- 2015
23. Supernova Relic Neutrino search with neutron tagging at Super-Kamiokande-IV
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Y. Takeuchi, T.S. Tanaka, K. Nishikawa, C. Yanagisawa, A. T. Suzuki, K. Nishijima, L. R. Sulak, Hirokazu Ishino, Takaaki Kajita, J. F. Martin, Yuichi Oyama, R. A. Wendell, T. Nakadaira, P. dePerio, M. B. Smy, H. W. Sobel, Koh Ueno, Atsushi Takeda, A. Konaka, Yusuke Koshio, Makoto Sakuda, Y. Nishimura, Takaaki Mori, Shigeki Tasaka, J. L. Stone, Y. Hayato, S. Nakayama, J. L. Raaf, R. Tacik, R. Yamaguchi, K. Nakamura, I. Taylor, C. K. Jung, G. Carminati, K. Abe, A. Minamino, T. Tomura, A. Murakami, C. W. Walter, T. Yokozawa, H. Okazawa, K. Iyogi, John Hill, S. Moriyama, M. Ikeda, T. Yano, Masato Shiozawa, Y. Choi, Masayuki Nakahata, G. Mitsuka, A. L. Renshaw, T. Tsukamoto, K. Sakashita, K. P. Lee, Joshua Hignight, I. T. Lim, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, K. Choi, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, M. J. Wilking, Kimihiro Okumura, Y. Fukuda, K. Kaneyuki, T. Wongjirad, M. Koshiba, T. Ishida, M. Vagins, M. Goldhaber, T. Sekiguchi, W. E. Keig, S. Matsuno, Yejin Zhang, K. Bays, H. Kaji, H. Sui, Song Chen, J. Kameda, Yuuki Nakano, S. N. Smith, Yoshitaka Itow, Yasunari Suzuki, Y. Kuno, P. Mijakowski, H. Kikawa, J. G. Learned, W. R. Kropp, S. Tobayama, Zishuo Yang, Kate Scholberg, M. Dziomba, Kazuhiro Suzuki, H. Zhang, T. McLachlan, Ll. Marti, E. Kearns, S. Barkman, K. Martens, S. Mine, K. S. Ganezer, Masashi Yokoyama, S. B. Kim, J. Y. Kim, K. Huang, A. Kibayashi, K. Ieki, R. J. Wilkes, T. Ishii, T. Ishizuka, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, T. Akiri, T. Hasegawa, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Y. Takenaga, M. Miura, J. S. Jang, K. Connolly, and J. Imber
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Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Photon energy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,Supernova ,Neutron capture ,Neutron ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Experimental methods ,Neutrino ,Super-Kamiokande ,Nuclear Experiment ,Charged current - Abstract
A search for Supernova Relic Neutrinos $\bar{\nu}_e$'s is first conducted via inverse-beta-decay by tagging neutron capture on hydrogen at Super-Kamiokande-IV. The neutron tagging efficiency is determined to be $(17.74\pm0.04_{stat.}\pm1.05_{sys.})%$, while the corresponding accidental background probability is $(1.06\pm0.01_{stat.}\pm 0.18_{sys.})$%. Using 960 days of data, we obtain 13 inverse-beta-decay candidates in the range of $E_{\bar{\nu}_e}$ between 13.3 MeV and 31.3 MeV. All of the observed candidates are attributed to background. Upper limits at 90% C.L. are calculated in the absence of a signal., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures
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- 2015
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24. Tranexamic acid for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
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Daniel K. Nishijima, Louise Falzon, Samah G. Abdel Baki, and Shahriar Zehtabchi
- Subjects
Comparative Effectiveness Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Traumatic brain injury ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Sciences ,Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) ,Placebo ,Article ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Clinical Research ,law ,Internal medicine ,Antifibrinolytic agent ,medicine ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,Traumatic Head and Spine Injury ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Neurosciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,Antifibrinolytic Agents ,Brain Disorders ,Good Health and Well Being ,Tranexamic Acid ,Brain Injuries ,Meta-analysis ,Anesthesia ,Relative risk ,Emergency Medicine ,business ,Intracranial Hemorrhages ,Tranexamic acid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objective The antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TXA) has demonstrated clinical benefit in trauma patients with severe bleeding, but its effectiveness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the following research question: In ED patients with or at risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) secondary to TBI, does TXA compared to placebo improve patients' outcomes? Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and other databases were searched for randomized controlled trial (RCT) or quasi-RCT studies that compared the effect of TXA to placebo on outcomes of TBI patients. The main outcomes of interest included mortality, neurologic function, hematoma expansion, and adverse effects. We used “Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations” to assess the quality of trials. Two authors independently abstracted data using a data collection form. Results from studies were pooled when appropriate. Results Of 1030 references identified through the search, 2 high-quality RCTs met inclusion criteria. The effect of TXA on mortality had a pooled relative risk of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-1.02); on unfavorable functional status, a relative risk of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.59-1.02); and on ICH progression, a relative risk of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.58-0.98). No serious adverse effects (such as thromboembolic events) associated with TXA group were reported in the included trials. Conclusion Pooled results from the 2 RCTs demonstrated statistically significant reduction in ICH progression with TXA and a nonstatistically significant improvement of clinical outcomes in ED patients with TBI. Further evidence is required to support its routine use in patients with TBI.
- Published
- 2014
25. ED disposition of the Glasgow Coma Scale 13 to 15 traumatic brain injury patient: analysis of the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI study
- Author
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Jason T. McMullan, Geoffrey T. Manley, Daniel K. Nishijima, Opeolu Adeoye, Arthur M. Pancioli, Christopher J. Lindsell, Alex B. Valadka, John K. Yue, Kimberly W. Hart, Wayne A. Gordon, Jonathan J. Ratcliff, Hester F. Lingsma, Andrew I R Maas, David O. Okonkwo, Public Health, Neurosurgery, and TRACK-TBI Investigators
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Traumatic brain injury ,Poison control ,Neuroimaging ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Article ,law.invention ,law ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Glasgow Coma Scale ,Prospective Studies ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,Anticoagulants ,General Medicine ,Disposition ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,Triage ,Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic ,Hospitalization ,Patient Outcome Assessment ,Intensive Care Units ,Logistic Models ,Brain Injuries ,Emergency Medicine ,Platelet aggregation inhibitor ,Female ,Human medicine ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - Abstract
Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients are frequently admitted to high levels of care despite limited evidence suggesting benefit. Such decisions may contribute to the significant cost of caring for mTBI patients. Understanding the factors that drive disposition decision making and how disposition is associated with outcomes is necessary for developing an evidence-base supporting disposition decisions. We evaluated factors associated with emergency department triage of mTBI patients to 1 of 3 levels of care: home, inpatient floor, or intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This multicenter, prospective, cohort study included patients with isolated head trauma, a cranial computed tomography as part of routine care, and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13 to 15. Data analysis was performed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Of the 304 patients included, 167 (55%) were discharged home, 76 (25%) were admitted to the inpatient floor, and 61 (20%) were admitted to the ICU. In the multivariable model, admission to the ICU, compared with floor admission, varied by study site, odds ratio (OR) 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.57); antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy, OR 7.46 (95% CI, 1.79-31.13); skull fracture, OR 7.60 (95% CI, 2.44-23.73); and lower GCS, OR 2.36 (95% CI, 1.05-5.30). No difference in outcome was observed between the 3 levels of care. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics and local practice patterns contribute to mTBI disposition decisions. Level of care was not associated with outcomes. Intracranial hemorrhage, GCS 13 to 14, skull fracture, and current antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy influenced disposition decisions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
26. In reply
- Author
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Daniel K, Nishijima and Benjamin C, Sun
- Subjects
Electrocardiography ,Emergency Medicine ,Humans ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Syncope ,Aged - Published
- 2018
27. Radon removal from gaseous xenon with activated charcoal
- Author
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Y. D. Kim, Shogo Nakamura, Ko Abe, A. Shinozaki, K. Hosokawa, K. Kobayashi, Jong-Man Lee, H. Uchida, Atsushi Takeda, F. Kusaba, K. Ueshima, K. Hieda, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Hiroshi Ogawa, Y. Fukuda, S. Hirano, Y. Takeuchi, D. Motoki, H. Takiya, I. Murayama, K.B. Lee, Shigeki Tasaka, Yoshitaka Itow, K. Otsuka, O. Takachio, Jing Liu, Masayuki Nakahata, Yasuhiro Kishimoto, Yusuke Koshio, M.K. Lee, Katsuki Hiraide, Y. Nishitani, D. Umemoto, K. Fujii, Kimiaki Masuda, A. Murata, K. Nishijima, K. Martens, Shigetaka Moriyama, Yoshihiro Suzuki, H. Nishiie, Masaki Yamashita, and Yong Hamb Kim
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Radiochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Radon ,Trap (plumbing) ,Xenon ,Linear relationship ,chemistry ,Activated charcoal ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Charcoal ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Many low background experiments using xenon need to remove radioactive radon to improve their sensitivities. However, no method of continually removing radon from xenon has been described in the literature. We studied a method to remove radon from xenon gas through an activated charcoal trap. From our measurements we infer a linear relationship between the mean propagation velocity vRn of radon and vXe of xenon in the trap with vRn=vXe ¼ð 0:967 0:10 Þ� 10
- Published
- 2012
28. ECG Predictors of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Older Adults With Syncope
- Author
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Annick N. Yagapen, Alan B. Storrow, Amber Lin, Daniel K. Nishijima, Bret A. Nicks, David H. Adler, Judd E. Hollander, Manish N. Shah, Deborah B. Diercks, Aveh Bastani, Susan Malveau, Benjamin C. Sun, Kirk A. Stiffler, Christopher W. Baugh, Robert E. Weiss, Jeffrey M. Caterino, Scott T. Wilber, and Carol L. Clark
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Sciences ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cardiovascular ,Risk Assessment ,Emergency Care ,QT interval ,Article ,Syncope ,Electrocardiography ,Hospital ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Clinical Research ,Interquartile range ,Internal medicine ,80 and over ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,cardiovascular diseases ,PR interval ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Emergency Service ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Left bundle branch block ,Incidence ,Cardiac arrhythmia ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Emergency department ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,United States ,Survival Rate ,Heart Disease ,cardiovascular system ,Emergency Medicine ,Cardiology ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Study objective Cardiac arrhythmia is a life-threatening condition in older adults who present to the emergency department (ED) with syncope. Previous work suggests the initial ED ECG can predict arrhythmia risk; however, specific ECG predictors have been variably specified. Our objective is to identify specific ECG abnormalities predictive of 30-day serious cardiac arrhythmias in older adults presenting to the ED with syncope. Methods We conducted a prospective, observational study at 11 EDs in adults aged 60 years or older who presented with syncope or near syncope. We excluded patients with a serious cardiac arrhythmia diagnosed during the ED evaluation from the primary analysis. The outcome was occurrence of 30-day serous cardiac arrhythmia. The exposure variables were predefined ECG abnormalities. Independent predictors were identified through multivariate logistic regression. The sensitivities and specificities of any predefined ECG abnormality and any ECG abnormality identified on adjusted analysis to predict 30-day serious cardiac arrhythmia were also calculated. Results After exclusion of 197 patients (5.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7% to 6.2%) with serious cardiac arrhythmias in the ED, the study cohort included 3,416 patients. Of these, 104 patients (3.0%; 95% CI 2.5% to 3.7%) had a serious cardiac arrhythmia within 30 days from the index ED visit (median time to diagnosis 2 days [interquartile range 1 to 5 days]). The presence of nonsinus rhythm, multiple premature ventricular conductions, short PR interval, first-degree atrioventricular block, complete left bundle branch block, and Q wave/T wave/ST-segment abnormalities consistent with acute or chronic ischemia on the initial ED ECG increased the risk for a 30-day serious cardiac arrhythmia. This combination of ECG abnormalities had a similar sensitivity in predicting 30-day serious cardiac arrhythmia compared with any ECG abnormality (76.9% [95% CI 67.6% to 84.6%] versus 77.9% [95% CI 68.7% to 85.4%]) and was more specific (55.1% [95% CI 53.4% to 56.8%] versus 46.6% [95% CI 44.9% to 48.3%]). Conclusion In older ED adults with syncope, approximately 3% receive a diagnosis of a serious cardiac arrhythmia not recognized on initial ED evaluation. The presence of specific abnormalities on the initial ED ECG increased the risk for 30-day serious cardiac arrhythmias.
- Published
- 2018
29. 297 Utility of a Brief EEG Training Module On Improving Emergency Physicians' Ability to Identify Nonconvulsive Seizure
- Author
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Geetha Chari, Shahriar Zehtabchi, Kabir Yadav, Daniel K. Nishijima, and Ahmet Omurtag
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Emergency Medicine ,Medicine ,Medical emergency ,Electroencephalography ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2017
30. Distillation of liquid xenon to remove krypton
- Author
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K. Abe, J. Hosaka, T. Iida, M. Ikeda, K. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, T. Namba, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, K. Ueshima, M. Yamashita, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Ebizuka, J. Kikuchi, A. Ota, S. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, H. Hagiwara, T. Kamei, K. Miyamoto, T. Nagase, S. Nakamura, Y. Ozaki, T. Sato, Y. Fukuda, K. Nishijima, M. Sakurai, T. Maruyama, D. Motoki, Y. Itow, H. Ohsumi, S. Tasaka, S.B. Kim, Y.D. Kim, J.I. Lee, S.H. Moon, Y. Urakawa, M. Uchino, and Y. Kamioka
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Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Dark matter ,Krypton ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,law.invention ,Xenon ,chemistry ,law ,Atomic physics ,Distillation - Abstract
A high performance distillation system to remove krypton from xenon was constructed, and a purity level of Kr/Xe = $\sim 3 \times 10^{-12}$ was achieved. This development is crucial in facilitating high sensitivity low background experiments such as the search for dark matter in the universe., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2009
31. Scintillation yield of liquid xenon at room temperature
- Author
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K. Ueshima, K. Abe, T. Iida, M. Ikeda, K. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, M. Yamashita, K. Kaneyuki, T. Doke, Y. Ebizuka, J. Kikuchi, A. Ota, S. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, H. Hagiwara, T. Kamei, K. Miyamoto, T. Nagase, S. Nakamura, Y. Ozaki, T. Sato, Y. Fukuda, K. Nishijima, M. Sakurai, T. Maruyama, D. Motoki, Y. Itow, H. Ohsumi, S. Tasaka, S.B. Kim, Y.D. Kim, J.I. Lee, and S.H. Moon
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Scintillation ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Analytical chemistry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Scintillator ,Nuclear physics ,Xenon ,chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Double beta decay ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Light emission ,Instrumentation ,Intensity (heat transfer) - Abstract
The intensity of scintillation light emission from liquid xenon at room temperature was measured. The scintillation light yield at 1 deg. was measured to be 0.64 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.06 (sys.) of that at -100 deg. Using the reported light yield at -100 deg. (46 photons/keV), the measured light yield at 1 deg. corresponds to 29 photons/keV. This result shows that liquid xenon scintillator gives high light yield even at room temperature., Comment: 16pages,12figures
- Published
- 2008
32. Study of TeV neutrinos with upward showering muons in Super-Kamiokande
- Author
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C. W. Walter, R. Wendell, R. Svoboda, T. Ishizuka, S. Yamada, T. Sasaki, M. Yoshida, H. G. Berns, M. B. Smy, Y. Furuse, K. Kaneyuki, C. Saji, Masashi Yokoyama, R. Terri, A. Minamino, J. Dunmore, Takaaki Kajita, Y. Totsuka, K. Iida, M. Koshiba, Y. Oyama, B. S. Yang, Y. Choi, K. Ishihara, T. J. Haines, T. Sato, D. W. Liu, Haruki Watanabe, Masato Shiozawa, N. Tamura, H. Nishino, I. Kato, Lawrence Sulak, J. L. Raaf, J. L. Stone, S. Mine, Y. Takeuchi, Atsushi Takeda, E. Kearns, S. T. Clark, C. Ishihara, Shantanu Desai, Kunio Inoue, M. Sugihara, H. Ishii, C. K. Jung, T. Ishida, M. Swanson, K. Abe, T. Kobayashi, K. Nishikawa, T. Nakaya, T. Nakadaira, Yusuke Koshio, K. Nitta, J. Yoo, S. Yamamoto, Kate Scholberg, J. Y. Kim, C. McGrew, M. R. Vagins, C. Yanagisawa, K. Kobayashi, Y. Obayashi, K. Washburn, W. E. Keig, M. Hasegawa, Shigetaka Moriyama, S. Likhoded, G. Mitsuka, K. Ueshima, I. S. Jeong, M. Sakuda, Y. Hayato, R. Gran, T. Hasegawa, F. Dufour, I. T. Lim, H. K. Seo, A. K. Ichikawa, J. S. Jang, T. Tanaka, D. Kielczewska, Y. Kuno, K. Nishijima, S. Nakayama, M. Ishitsuka, N. Tanimoto, S. Tasaka, H. Okazawa, R. J. Wilkes, W. Wang, Masayuki Nakahata, Alec Habig, T. Koike, B. Hartfiel, Y. Takenaga, K. Okumura, Y. Fukuda, Y. Idehara, K. S. Ganezer, M. Miura, Hirokazu Ishino, M. D. Messier, C. Regis, J. Kameda, Katsuki Hiraide, S. Dazeley, J. P. Cravens, T. Ishii, H. Sato, Y. Gando, J. Hill, Yasunari Suzuki, S. Matsuno, G. Guillian, A. T. Suzuki, H. W. Sobel, Eric Thrane, M. Fechner, Y. Watanabe, W. R. Kropp, S. B. Kim, A. Clough, David William Casper, C. Mitsuda, H. Ogawa, K. K. Shiraishi, I. Higuchi, J. G. Learned, H. Maesaka, M. Goldhaber, T. Kato, Yoshitaka Itow, S. Hatakeyama, K. Nakamura, and A. Sarrat
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Physics ,Muon ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Bremsstrahlung ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,Pair production ,WIMP ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Super-Kamiokande ,Neutrino oscillation ,Zenith - Abstract
A subset of neutrino-induced upward through-going muons in the Super-Kamiokande detector consists of high energy muons which lose energy through radiative processes such as bremsstrahlung, e^{+} e^{-} pair production and photonuclear interactions. These ``upward showering muons'' comprise an event sample whose mean parent neutrino energy is approximately 1 TeV. We show that the zenith angle distribution of upward showering muons is consistent with negligible distortion due to neutrino oscillations, as expected of such a high-energy neutrino sample. We present astronomical searches using these high energy events, such as those from WIMP annihilations in the Sun, Earth and Galactic Center, some suspected point sources, as well as searches for diffuse flux from the interstellar medium., Comment: Submitted for publication to Astroparticle Physics. Fig 12 has slightly higher resolution in the version submitted to the journal
- Published
- 2008
33. Pauli and the Pauli group
- Author
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K. Nishijima
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Group (mathematics) ,Nuclear Theory ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,symbols.namesake ,Pauli exclusion principle ,Quantum mechanics ,symbols ,Pauli group ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Electron neutrino - Abstract
Reminiscences of Pauli and of the PauIi group or his last contribution to neutrino physics are briefly described.
- Published
- 2004
34. Laser photocoagulation of indocyanine green angiographically identified feeder vessels to idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
- Author
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K NISHIJIMA, M TAKAHASHI, J AKITA, H KATSUTA, M TANEMURA, H AIKAWA, M MANDAI, H TAKAGI, J KIRYU, and Y HONDA
- Subjects
Ophthalmology - Published
- 2004
35. Spin-statistics and CPT theorems in noncommutative field theory
- Author
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Masud Chaichian, K. Nishijima, and Anca Tureanu
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Spacetime ,Mathematics::Operator Algebras ,CPT symmetry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Lorentz covariance ,Noncommutative geometry ,Quantum nonlocality ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,Quantum mechanics ,Noncommutative algebraic geometry ,Quantum field theory ,Noncommutative quantum field theory ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
We show that Pauli's spin-statistics relation remains valid in noncommutative quantum field theories (NC QFT), with the exception of some peculiar cases of noncommutativity between space and time. We also prove that, while the individual symmetries C and T, and in some cases also P, are broken, the CPT theorem still holds in general for noncommutative field theories, in spite of the inherent nonlocality and violation of Lorentz invariance., Comment: 5 pages, latex, no figures
- Published
- 2003
36. The Super-Kamiokande detector
- Author
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Kimihiro Okumura, Makoto Sakuda, B. K. Kim, S. Fukuda, K. Martens, S. Moriyama, Toshio Suzuki, Todd Haines, S. B. Boyd, M. L. Chen, T. Hasegawa, Z. Conner, M. Kitaguchi, K. Nishikawa, K. S. Ganezer, Alec Habig, M. Earl, B. Viren, J. Kameda, M. Koga, H. Okazawa, R. W. Ellsworth, A. Okada, M. Takahashi, J. S. George, K. Ishihara, Atsumu Suzuki, T. Inagaki, Shoichi Yamada, Takaaki Kajita, S. Matsuno, T. Iwashita, K. Fujita, H. G. Berns, M. Ishitsuka, S. Desai, Koji Nakamura, M. Miura, Y. Ichikawa, Mikio Morii, E. Guillian, C. K. Jung, M. Takahata, H. Nishihama, J. Hsu, K. Ito, Toshio Namba, D. Kielczewska, T. Ishii, Kunio Inoue, S. Nakayama, John G. Learned, I. Kato, M. Etoh, I. Nishiyama, T. Futagami, A. L. Stachyra, K. Miyano, C. Saji, Y. Hatakeyama, T. Hayakawa, H. Maesaka, R. A. Doyle, Florian Goebel, M. B. Smy, J. L. Stone, D. W. Liu, David William Casper, E. Ichihara, T. Hashimoto, A. K. Ichikawa, C. Yanagisawa, K. Nishijima, S. Hatakeyama, M. Kohama, Akira Hasegawa, G. W. Sullivan, Henry W. Sobel, K. Nitta, Y. Kobayashi, A. Sakai, M. Takita, M. Ackerman, Frederick Reines, L. R. Price, J. Shirai, W. Wang, T. Horiuchi, H. Takeda, V. J. Stenger, M. Masuzawa, E. Sharkey, Minoru Yoshida, Yoshitaka Itow, D. Turcan, S. Inaba, N. Sakurai, T. Takayama, Y. Kanaya, M. Kirisawa, R. Svoboda, M. Koike, J. Hill, Shuji Yamamoto, A. Kusano, K. Higuchi, Hiroaki Nishimura, Masaya Hasegawa, Y. Watanabe, K. Kaneyuki, T. Kobayashi, R. Sanford, Osamu Sasaki, Magdalena Malek, Y. Kajiyama, A. Kibayashi, L. R. Sulak, W. Doki, S. Tasaka, T. Toshito, W. E. Keig, Y. Nagashima, H. Fujiyasu, J. A. Goodman, J. T. Hong, Y. Takeuchi, F. Tsushima, C. W. Walter, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, E. Kearns, Y. Totsuka, M. Koshiba, Hyosun Kim, C. McGrew, Yoshihiro Suzuki, K. Kobayashi, M. Nemoto, D. Kerr, T. Maruyama, Takashi Yamaguchi, M. D. Messier, S. Echigo, T. Kato, C. Mitsuda, P. G. Halverson, R. J. Wilkes, U. Golebiewska, K. K. Young, S. Mine, Y. Obayashi, Y. Gando, E. Blaufuss, Junichi Kanzaki, C. Mauger, J. Yoo, Masato Shiozawa, T. Barszczak, T. Oyabu, A. Suzuki, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, Masayuki Nakahata, Hirokazu Ishino, L. Wai, M. Oketa, J. W. Flanagan, Hiroshi Ogawa, M. R. Vagins, H. Kobayashi, W. Gajewski, Kate Scholberg, W. R. Kropp, Y. Oyama, Y. Hayato, T. Iwamoto, and Yusuke Koshio
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Cherenkov detector ,Solar neutrino ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,T2K experiment ,law.invention ,Neutrino detector ,law ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino astronomy ,Neutrino ,Super-Kamiokande ,Neutrino oscillation ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.
- Published
- 2003
37. Design study of CANGAROO-III, stereoscopic imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes for sub-TeV γ-ray detection
- Author
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R Enomoto, S Hara, A Asahara, G.V Bicknell, P.G Edwards, S Gunji, T Hara, J Jimbo, F Kajino, H Katagiri, J Kataoka, A Kawachi, T Kifune, H Kubo, J Kushida, Y Matsubara, Y Mizumoto, M Mori, M Moriya, H Muraishi, Y Muraki, T Naito, T Nakase, K Nishijima, K Okumura, J.R Patterson, K Sakurazawa, D.L Swaby, K Takano, T Tanimori, T Tamura, K Tsuchiya, K Uruma, S Yanagita, T Yoshida, T Yoshikoshi, and A Yuki
- Subjects
Stereoscopic imaging ,Physics ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Monte Carlo method ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Gamma ray ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,IACT ,Astrophysics ,law.invention ,Telescope ,Optics ,law ,Design study ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,business ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Cherenkov radiation - Abstract
CANGAROO-III is an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) array of four 10 m telescopes for very high energy (sub-TeV) gamma-ray astronomy. A design study of the CANGAROO-III telescope system was carried out using the Monte Carlo technique in order to optimize the pixel size and the telescope spacing. Studies were also made of observations at low elevation angles.
- Published
- 2002
38. Detection of accelerator-produced neutrinos at a distance of 250 km
- Author
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S.H Ahn, S An, S Aoki, H.G Berns, H.C Bhang, S Boyd, D Casper, T Chikamatsu, J.H Choi, S Echigo, M Etoh, K Fujii, S Fukuda, Y Fukuda, W Gajewski, U Golebiewska, T Hara, T Hasegawa, Y Hayato, J Hill, S.J Hong, M Ieiri, T Inada, T Inagaki, T Ishida, H Ishii, T Ishii, H Ishino, M Ishitsuka, Y Itow, T Iwashita, H.I Jang, J.S Jang, E.J Jeon, E.M Jeong, C.K Jung, T Kadowaki, T Kajita, J Kameda, K Kaneyuki, I Kato, Y Kato, E Kearns, S Kenmochi, B.H Khang, A Kibayashi, D Kielczewska, B.J Kim, C.O Kim, H.I Kim, J.H Kim, J.Y Kim, S.B Kim, S Kishi, M Kitamura, K Kobayashi, T Kobayashi, Y Kobayashi, M Kohama, D.G Koo, Y Koshio, W Kropp, G Kume, E Kusano, J.G Learned, H.K Lee, J.W Lee, S.B Lee, I.T Lim, S.H Lim, H Maesaka, K Martens, T Maruyama, S Matsuno, C Mauger, C McGrew, M Minakawa, S Mine, M Miura, S Miyamoto, K Miyano, S Moriyama, S Mukai, M Nakahata, K Nakamura, M Nakamura, I Nakano, T Nakaya, S Nakayama, K Nakayoshi, K Nishijima, K Nishikawa, S Nishiyama, S Noda, H Noumi, Y Obayashi, J.K Oh, A Okada, M Onchi, T Otaki, Y Oyama, M.Y Pac, H Park, S.H Park, S.K Park, A Sakai, M Sakuda, N Sakurai, N Sasao, K Sato, K Scholberg, E Seo, E Sharkey, K Shiino, A Shima, M Shiozawa, H So, H Sobel, A Stachyra, J.L Stone, L.R Sulak, A Suzuki, Y Suzuki, M Takasaki, M Takatsuki, K Takenaka, H Takeuchi, Y Takeuchi, N Tamura, K.H Tanaka, Y Tanaka, K Tashiro, K Tauchi, T Toshito, Y Totsuka, V Tumakov, T Umeda, M Vagins, C.W Walter, R.J Wilkes, S Yamada, T Yamaguchi, Y Yamanoi, C Yanagisawa, H Yokoyama, J Yoo, M Yoshida, and S.Y You
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Detector ,Extrapolation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Coincidence ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Pion ,K2K experiment ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Neutrino ,Neutrino oscillation ,Nuclear Experiment ,Beam (structure) - Abstract
The KEK to Kamioka long-baseline neutrino experiment (K2K) has begun its investigation of neutrino oscillations suggested by atmospheric neutrino observations. Twenty-eight neutrino events have been detected in coincidence with the expected arrival time of the beam in the 22.5 kt fiducial volume of Super--Kamiokande, the far detector at 250 km distance. The expectation is 37.8+3.5-3.8, derived using measurements of neutrino interactions in a near detector and extrapolation using a beam simulation validated by a measurement of pion kinematics after production and focusing. The background is of order 10^-3 events., Comment: 6 pages, 3 embedded figures, LaTeX with RevTeX style, submitted to PRL. This version is As Submitted
- Published
- 2001
39. Measurement of a small atmospheric ν/ν ratio
- Author
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Y. Fukuda, T. Hayakawa, E. Ichihara, K. Inoue, K. Ishihara, H. Ishino, Y. Itow, T. Kajita, J. Kameda, S. Kasuga, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, K. Martens, M. Miura, M. Nakahata, S. Nakayama, A. Okada, M. Oketa, K. Okumura, M. Ota, N. Sakurai, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Totsuka, S. Yamada, M. Earl, A. Habig, J.T. Hong, E. Kearns, S.B. Kim, M. Masuzawa, M.D. Messier, K. Scholberg, J.L. Stone, L.R. Sulak, C.W. Walter, M. Goldhaber, T. Barszczak, W. Gajewski, P.G. Halverson, J. Hsu, W.R. Kropp, L.R. Price, F. Reines, H.W. Sobel, M.R. Vagins, K.S. Ganezer, W.E. Keig, R.W. Ellsworth, S. Tasaka, J.W. Flanagan, A. Kibayashi, J.G. Learned, S. Matsuno, V. Stenger, D. Takemori, T. Ishii, J. Kanzaki, T. Kobayashi, K. Nakamura, K. Nishikawa, Y. Oyama, A. Sakai, M. Sakuda, O. Sasaki, S. Echigo, M. Kohama, A.T. Suzuki, T.J. Haines, E. Blaufuss, R. Sanford, R. Svoboda, M.L. Chen, Z. Conner, J.A. Goodman, G.W. Sullivan, M. Mori, F. Goebel, J. Hill, C.K. Jung, C. Mauger, C. McGrew, E. Sharkey, B. Viren, C. Yanagisawa, W. Doki, T. Ishizuka, Y. Kitaguchi, H. Koga, K. Miyano, H. Okazawa, C. Saji, M. Takahata, A. Kusano, Y. Nagashima, M. Takita, T. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshida, M. Etoh, K. Fujita, A. Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, S. Hatakeyama, T. Iwamoto, T. Kinebuchi, M. Koga, T. Maruyama, H. Ogawa, M. Saito, A. Suzuki, F. Tsushima, M. Koshiba, M. Nemoto, K. Nishijima, T. Futagami, Y. Hayato, Y. Kanaya, K. Kaneyuki, Y. Watanabe, D. Kielczewska, R. Doyle, J. George, A. Stachyra, L. Wai, J. Wilkes, and K. Young
- Subjects
Momentum ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Monte Carlo method ,Detector ,Theoretical models ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Production (computer science) ,Atmospheric neutrino ,Nuclear Experiment ,Visible energy - Abstract
From an exposure of 25.5~kiloton-years of the Super-Kamiokande detector, 900 muon-like and 983 electron-like single-ring atmospheric neutrino interactions were detected with momentum $p_e > 100$ MeV/$c$, $p_\mu > 200$ MeV/$c$, and with visible energy less than 1.33 GeV. Using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, the ratio $(\mu/e)_{DATA}/(\mu/e)_{MC}$ was measured to be $0.61 \pm 0.03(stat.) \pm 0.05(sys.)$, consistent with previous results from the Kamiokande, IMB and Soudan-2 experiments, and smaller than expected from theoretical models of atmospheric neutrino production.
- Published
- 1998
40. Removal and recovery of phenol from FCC effluent
- Author
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Toshinori Kojima, K. Nishijima, and Masahiko Matsukata
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Ion exchange ,Sulfide ,Inorganic chemistry ,Filtration and Separation ,Permeation ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Membrane ,chemistry ,Sodium hydroxide ,Hydroxide ,Phenol ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Equilibrium constant - Abstract
Effluent from the FCC process contains considerable concentrations of phenol, sulfide and ammonium ions. The pH of the effluent is around 9. In the present study, the possibility of the application of anion exchange membranes for its removal and recovery, was investigated. The equilibrium constant between phenol and hydroxide ions and the ion exchange capacity of a commercial anion exchange membrane were determined. The membrane was sandwiched between two glass cells filled with a phenol solution at pH 9, fed and withdrawn continuously to keep the phenol concentration constant, and a sodium hydroxide solution at various pH, respectively. The permeation rate increased with pH and reached a plateau at above pH 13. The permeation rate was measured for various concentrations of phenol in the feed side, keeping the pH of the strip side at 13. The rate linearly increased with the phenol concentration and reached a plateau at concentration greater than 1 mol/m3. The apparent diffusion coefficient of phenol in the membrane was determined from the plateau value. At a concentration of less than 1 mol/m3, the rate was found to be controlled by boundary film resistance. It was also found that the permeation rate of phenol was suppressed by the sulfide ion at a concentration comparable to or larger than that of phenol.
- Published
- 1995
41. Tranexamic Acid Use in United States Children's Hospitals
- Author
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Daniel K. Nishijima, David Faraoni, Nathan Kuppermann, Lois K. Lee, Michael C. Monuteaux, James F. Holmes, Susan M. Goobie, and Joseph M. Galante
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical Sciences ,wounds and injuries ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cardiovascular ,tranexamic acid ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,Antifibrinolytic agent ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Preschool ,Child ,Pediatric ,child ,business.industry ,Infant ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Hospitals, Pediatric ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,Hospitals ,Antifibrinolytic Agents ,United States ,Tranexamic Acid ,Child, Preschool ,Emergency Medicine ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,Patient Safety ,business ,Tranexamic acid ,medicine.drug ,Cohort study - Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of tranexamic acid (TXA) use for trauma and other conditions in children is unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe the use of TXA in United States (US) children's hospitals for children in general, and specifically for trauma.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a large, administrative database of 36 US children's hospitals. We included children
- Published
- 2016
42. Atmospheric ratio in the multi-GeV energy range
- Author
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H. Miyata, J. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, Kazumasa Miyano, Masaki Mori, K. Nakamura, Y. Nagashima, Akito Sakai, Atsumu Suzuki, E. W. Beier, Masato Shiozawa, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Kasuga, Y. Fukuda, A. T. Suzuki, K. S. Hirata, Toru Tanimori, T. Hara, K. Kaneyuki, E. D. Frank, M. Koga, Takaaki Kajita, M. Koshiba, R. Van Berg, H. Okazawa, T. Ishizuka, Weiya Zhang, S. Joukou, Shigeki Tasaka, Takanori Ishida, Kunio Inoue, K. Kihara, T. Kumita, H. Takei, Yasunari Suzuki, F. M. Newcomer, K. Nishijima, M. Takita, T. Hayakawa, Y. Totsuka, K. Nishikawa, A. Yoshimoto, Yuichi Oyama, Kunio Matsumoto, A.K. Mann, W. Frati, M. Yamada, T. Kajimura, T. Suda, Masayuki Nakahata, Y. Hayato, Yusuke Koshio, and N. Kishi
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Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Neutrino ,Neutrino oscillation ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Data from the Kamiokande detector were used to study the atmospheric (v μ + v μ ) (v e + v e ) ratio in the multi-GeV energy range. The observed ratio of μ-like to e-like events relative to the calculated ratio, ( μ /e) data /( μ /e) MC = 0.57 -0.07 +0.08 ± 0.07, suggests that the atmospheric (v μ + v μ ) (v e + v e ) ratio is smaller than expected for these neutrino energies. Also studied was the zenith-angle dependence of the above ratio. Results of an analysis of neutrino oscillations are presented.
- Published
- 1994
43. A clinical decision rule to predict adult patients with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage who do not require intensive care unit admission
- Author
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Kiarash Shahlaie, Angela Echeverri, Daniel K. Nishijima, and James F. Holmes
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Recursive partitioning ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Decision Support Techniques ,law.invention ,Cohort Studies ,Patient Admission ,Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage ,law ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Clinical decision ,Retrospective Studies ,General Environmental Science ,Trauma Severity Indices ,Adult patients ,business.industry ,Head injury ,Glasgow Coma Scale ,Retrospective cohort study ,Emergency department ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,Intensive Care Units ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business ,Intracranial Hemorrhages ,Cohort study - Abstract
To derive a clinical decision rule to identify adult emergency department (ED) patients with traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (tICH) who are at low risk for requiring critical care resources during hospitalization.This is a retrospective cohort study of patients (≥ 18 years) with tICH presenting to the ED. The need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission was defined as the presence of a critical care intervention including: intubation, neurosurgical intervention, blood product transfusion, vasopressor or inotrope administration, invasive monitoring for haemodynamic instability, emergent treatment for arrhythmia, therapeutic angiography, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The decision rule was derived using binary recursive partitioning.A total of 432 patients were identified (median age 48 years) of which 174 patients (40%) had a critical care intervention. We performed binary recursive partitioning with Classification and Regression Trees (CART) software to develop the clinical decision rule. Patients with a normal mental status (Glasgow Coma Score=15), isolated head injury, and age65 were considered low risk for a critical care intervention. The derived rule had a sensitivity of 98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94-99), a specificity of 50% (95% CI 44-56), a positive predictive value of 57% (95% CI 51-62), and a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI 93-99). The area under the curve for the decision rule was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.77).This clinical decision rule identifies low risk adult ED patients with tICH who do not need ICU admission. Further validation and refinement of these findings would allow for more appropriate ICU resource utilisation.
- Published
- 2013
44. Sampling calorimeter for high energy heavy particles filled with allene-doped liquid argon
- Author
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T. Kashiwagi, Kimiaki Masuda, J. Engelage, L. Greiner, K. Nishijima, T.J.M. Symons, I. Flores, H. J. Crawford, Tadayoshi Doke, Jun Kikuchi, and Eido Shibamura
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Scintillation ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Doping ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calorimeter ,Ion ,Full width at half maximum ,Neon ,chemistry ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Electrode ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Atomic physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Instrumentation ,Helium - Abstract
A hadron calorimeter for investigating relativistic heavy ion reactions, filled with liquid argon doped with allene, has been tested for 1 GeV/n neon and iron ions, and 1.7 GeV/n helium, neon and iron ions. The electrode system of the calorimeter consists of G-10 plates placed in the first, second and third parts, 2 mm thick iron plates in the second part and 6 mm thick iron plates in the third part with a liquid argon gap of 3.5 mm. Some of the ions were stopped inside the calorimeter without fragmentation, which were treated separately. The calorimeter shows a good linear response to the total incident energy of ions for fragmented and stopped ions. The absolute yields of collected charge are consistent with the calculated values. An energy resolution in FWHM of 2–5% is obtained for stopped ions. For fragmented ions, the energy resolution in FWHM is given by [ 0.9+81.1 √E( GeV ) ]% for all relativistic ions and if the datum of helium ions is excluded, the resolution can be expressed by [ 4.8 + 53.2 √E( GeV ) ]% . The present energy resolution is better than those recently obtained with scintillation calorimeters at BNL and CERN.
- Published
- 1991
45. Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity during High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) by Argon Washout Method without Interruption of HFOV
- Author
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Masako K. Nishijima, Jun Takezawa, Nobuyuki Taenaka, Ikuto Yoshiya, Masaji Nishimura, and Hideaki Imanaka
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Artificial ventilation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Functional Residual Capacity ,medicine.medical_treatment ,High-Frequency Ventilation ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Flow measurement ,Functional residual capacity ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung volumes ,Argon ,business.industry ,High-frequency ventilation ,Reproducibility of Results ,Surgery ,Volumetric flow rate ,Models, Structural ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,chemistry ,Lung Volume Measurements ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
A modified indicator gas washout method was developed to measure functional residual capacity (FRC) during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) without interruption of HFOV. A hot-wire flowmeter and medical gas analyzer measured the flow rate and argon concentration, respectively, at the expiratory end of the respiratory circuit. Upstream of the hot-wire flowmeter, two heat-and-moisture exchangers for resistance and a rubber balloon for capacitance were placed to convert the oscillating expiratory flow to an almost continuous flow. This made it possible to measure FRC during HFOV without interrupting HFOV. To measure the volume of the entire respiratory circuit, a 10 percent argon in 90 percent oxygen gas mixture was initially used as a bias flow, and after equilibration, the test gas was switched to 100 percent oxygen. By electrical integration of the product of the expiratory flow rate and argon concentration, the total amount of argon equilibrated in the entire respiratory circuit was calculated. The volume of the circuit was calculated by dividing the total amount of argon by the initial argon concentration. Functional residual capacity plus the volume of the respiratory circuit was similarly calculated and the difference was estimated as FRC. The accuracy and reproducibility of our method were evaluated by using a one-compartment lung model. There was a high correlation between the volume setting of the model lung and the estimated FRC. This method can be used to estimate FRC in a one-compartment lung model during HFOV, and it is potentially useful in clinical situations.
- Published
- 1990
46. Comparison of Flow-Resistive Work Load due to Humidifying Devices
- Author
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Masako K. Nishijima, Ikuto Yoshiya, Toshiki Okada, Masaji Nishimura, and Nobuyuki Taenaka
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Artificial ventilation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flow (psychology) ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Models, Biological ,Pressure ,medicine ,Humans ,Pressure monitoring ,Lung Compliance ,Pressure drop ,Resistive touchscreen ,Ventilators, Mechanical ,business.industry ,Airway Resistance ,Respiration ,Work (physics) ,Humidity ,Humidifiers ,Equipment Design ,Surgery ,Inspiratory limb ,Pulmonary Ventilation ,Rheology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
There are many kinds of humidifying devices. We evaluated six humidifiers from the viewpoint of AWLs. The AWL was obtained by calculating the area difference between pressure-volume tracings obtained without and with humidifiers. To examine the effect of pressure monitoring sites on AWL when a humidifier is placed, we measured AWL at three different pressure monitoring sites. The AWL was affected significantly by the pressure monitoring site for the ventilator. When a pressure monitor sensor was placed on the inspiratory limb between the inspiratory valve and humidifiers, the ventilator was not able to compensate for the pressure drop caused by impedance characteristics of the humidifier equipment. This resulted in significant inspiratory AWL on the patient. Thus, humidifying devices should be carefully selected from the viewpoint of not only humidifying capability but also AWL. Furthermore, we must recognize the importance of the pressure monitoring site for the ventilator.
- Published
- 1990
47. Tranexamic acid in brain injury: devil in the detail
- Author
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Louise Falzon, Daniel K. Nishijima, Samah G. Abdel Baki, and Shahriar Zehtabchi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Emergency Medicine ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,Tranexamic acid ,Surgery ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2015
48. PO419 ADDITION OF LIRAGLUTIDE TO OAD MONOTHERAPY IN JAPANESE SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: THE LIRA-ADD2OAD JAPAN TRIAL
- Author
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Toshihiko Shiraiwa, A. Kiyosue, Shizuka Kaneko, Y. Ono, Yutaka Seino, K. Nishijima, F. Wang, and Kohei Kaku
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Liraglutide ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Lira ,General Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2014
49. OP72 COMBINATION THERAPY WITH LIRAGLUTIDE AND INSULIN IN JAPANESE SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: THE LIRA-ADD2INSULIN JAPAN TRIAL
- Author
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F. Wang, Kohei Kaku, Toshihiko Shiraiwa, Yutaka Seino, Shuichi Fukuda, K. Nishijima, Takeshi Osonoi, and Shizuka Kaneko
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Liraglutide ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Placebo ,Gastroenterology ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Medicine ,business ,Adverse effect ,Body mass index ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Methods: Insulin was fixed at pre-trial dose for 16 weeks; after which insulin was titrated up to 36 weeks. Primary endpoint: change in HbA1c after 16 weeks. Results: In total, 257 subjects were randomised (mean [±SD] age 60.5±11.2; body mass index 25.6±4.5 kg/m2, HbA1c 8.8±0.9%). Lira reduced HbA1c more than placebo (p
- Published
- 2014
50. 15 Management of Cardiac Arrest Is Influenced By the Use of an End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Monitor
- Author
-
A. Danielson, J. Barton, D. Barnes, and Daniel K. Nishijima
- Subjects
Oceanography ,business.industry ,Emergency Medicine ,Carbon dioxide monitor ,Medicine ,business ,End tidal - Published
- 2014
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