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This paper documents and analyzes the 2,277 witnesses who testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means (Ways & Means) and the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance (Finance) for the 110th (2007-2008), 111th (2009-2010) and the 112th Congresses (2011-2012). This allows us to measure the frequency of women as witness before committees controlled by Democrats (Nancy Pelosi as Speaker (2007-2010); Harry Reid as Senate Majority Leader (2007-2012)), and Republicans (John Boehner as Speaker (2011-2012)). We construct a unique Congressional Record Representation Dataset (CRRD) using publicly-available committee reports and hearing transcripts to identify witnesses testifying before these committees to measure each committee as to its efforts to represent women and persons of color. This paper is the initial summary of our findings for witness representation before the tax-writing committees in terms of gender for the 110th through the 112th Congresses (the Review Period), and is the preliminary analysis of a larger project to measure and study the impact of women and persons of color testifying before multiple congressional committees from the 110th through the 115th Congresses. We presented this paper at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association. Extended versions of the CRRD are included in a forthcoming article by Caroline Bruckner titled, Doubling Down on a Billion Dollar Blind Spot: Women Business Owners and Tax Reform, which the American University Washington College of Law Business Law Review is publishing in Spring 2020.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are proposed as mediators of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced respiratory plasticity. We sought to determine if NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived ROS underpin CIH-induced maladaptive changes in respiratory control. Adult male mice (C57BL/6 J) were assigned to one of three groups: normoxic controls (sham); chronic intermittent hypoxia-exposed (CIH, 12 cycles/hour, 8 h/day for 14 days); and CIH + apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor, 2 mM) given in the drinking water throughout exposure to CIH. In addition, we studied sham and CIH-exposed NOX2-null mice (B6.129S-CybbTM1Din/J). Whole-body plethysmography was used to measure breathing and metabolic parameters. Ventilation (VI/VCO2) during normoxia was unaffected by CIH, but apnoea index was increased, which was prevented by apocynin, but not by NOX2 deletion. The ventilatory response to hypercapnia following exposure to CIH was potentiated in NOX2-null mice. Our results reveal ROS-dependent influences on the control of breathing and point to antioxidant intervention as a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy in respiratory control disorders.

HEART score (HS) has been validated and is being widely used as a tool for risk stratification of chest pain (CP) in the emergency department (ED). However, it has not been well studied in the community hospital setting. We sought to determine the prognostic accuracy of HS in predicting major

Risk stratification of suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting to the ED with chest pain (CP) remains one of the biggest challenges. Several scoring systems such as HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores have been used to help physicians estimate cardiac mortality risk. However, these

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the beta subunit of the human LFA-1, Mac-1, and p150,95 family of leukocyte adhesion proteins. The deduced 769-amino-acid sequence defines a cysteine-rich polypeptide with the characteristic features of an integral membrane protein. Peptide sequence data, Northern blot analysis, and Southern blot analysis suggest that a single gene encodes the beta subunit of all three leukocyte adhesion proteins. There is 45% homology between the beta subunit sequence and band III of integrin, a chick fibronectin and laminin receptor. This homology defines a new supergene family of cellular adhesion proteins.