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Although some evidence showed the activation of complement systems in COVID-19 patients, proinflammatory status and lectin pathway remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to demonstrate the role of MBL and ficolin-3 in the complement system activation and compared to pandemic Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype infection (H1N1pdm09) and control patients. A total of 27 lungs formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples (10 from H1N1 group, 6 from the COVID-19 group, and 11 from the control group) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti-IL-6, TNF-alfa, CD163, MBL e FCN3 antibodies. Genotyping of target polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene was performed by real-time PCR. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha presented higher tissue expression in the COVID-19 group compared to H1N1 and control groups. The same results were observed for ICAM-1 tissue expression. Increased expression of the FCN3 was observed in the COVID-19 group and H1N1 group compared to the control group. The MBL tissue expression was higher in the COVID-19 group compared to H1N1 and control groups. The genotypes AA for rs180040 (G/A), GG for rs1800451 (G/A) and CC for rs5030737 (T/C) showed a higher prevalence in the COVID-19 group. The intense activation of the lectin pathway, with particular emphasis on the MBL pathway, together with endothelial dysfunction and a massive proinflammatory cytokines production, possibly lead to a worse outcome in patients infected with SARS-Cov-2. Moreover, 3 SNPs of our study presented genotypes that might be correlated with high MBL tissue expression in the COVID-19 pulmonary samples.

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) and cribriform adenocarcinoma of (minor) salivary gland (CASG) are salivary gland tumors with overlapping spectrum of morphology. Whether these represent distinct entities or a histologic spectrum of the same tumor remains contentious. PACs harbor recurrent PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutations in >70% of cases, whereas 80% of CASGs display rearrangements involving PRKD1, PRKD2, or PRKD3 (PRKD1/2/3). We studied the molecular and morphologic features of 37 PACs/CASGs, seeking to identify the associations among genotype, histologic phenotype, and classification. DNA was subjected to Sanger sequencing analysis of the PRKD1 hotspot locus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for PRKD1/2/3 was performed using dual-color break-apart probes. Tumors were classified into four categories as described previously: PAC, CASG, tumor with indeterminate features (TIF), and tumor with a predominant papillary pattern (TPPP). PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutations were identified in 56%, 20%, 43% and 0% of PACs, CASGs, TIFs, and TPPPs, respectively. FISH demonstrated PRKD1/2/3 rearrangements in 13%, 78%, 36%, and 75% of PACs, CASGs, TIFs, and TPPPs, respectively. Histologically, fusion-positive tumors were associated with a high percentage of papillary growth, low percentage of single filing arrangement, a propensity of base of tongue location, and frequent (50%) lymph node metastasis, compared with the mutation-related tumors which had negligible nodal metastasis risk. Our results demonstrated that (1) PACs/CASGs are underpinned by genetic alterations affecting PRKD genes; (2) despite the associations between PAC and PRKD1 hotspot mutations and CASG and PRKD1/2/3 fusion, such distinction is not absolute; and (3) there is of a novel genotypic-phenotypic association whereby fusion-positive tumors are usually located in the base of the tongue, show papillary architecture and have a high risk of nodal metastasis. Genetic analysis of PRKD genes appears to be useful characterizing this spectrum of tumors, not only histologically but also clinically identifying those tumors with high risk of nodal metastasis.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts, but in the last decade IA has emerged in critically ill non-neutropenic patients, as those with severe Influenza and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We report an unusual fatal case of disseminated IA in a non-immunocompromised patient following yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide threat, and information on physiopathological aspects of the disease is limited. Despite efforts in searching treatment options, a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathways can contribute to managing severe cases. In this study, we aim to describe pathological and immunopathogenic findings of two different cases, both in the high-risk group. Post-mortem lung biopsies were analyzed by traditional and immunohistochemical methods. Tissue expression of innate and adaptive immune response biomarkers was tested. We observed a higher innate response in case 1 with an abundance of mast cells, scarce CD8+ lymphocytes, high expression of TNF-alpha, and almost absent adaptative immune response. In case 2, the adaptative immune response was present, with numerous CD8+ lymphocytes and higher levels of IL-4 and TGF-beta. Both cases converged to a prothrombotic state expressing high IL-6, followed by ICAM-1 expression and endotheliites leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In conclusion, differences in age and comorbidities and immune response described here may be related to the SARS-CoV-2 delay in the adaptative immune response, evolution stage of diffuse alveolar damage, and progression for systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed female cancer and second leading cause of death. Despite the discovery of many antineoplastic drugs for BC, the current therapy is not totally efficient. In this study, we investigated the potential of repurposing the well-known diabetes type II drug liraglutide to modulate epigenetic modifications in BC cells lines in vitro and in vivo via Ehrlich mice tumors models. The in vitro results revealed a significant reduction on cell viability, migration, DNMT activity and displayed lower levels of global DNA methylation in BC cell lines after liraglutide treatment. The interaction between liraglutide and the DNMT enzymes resulted in a decrease profile of DNA methylation for the CDH1, ESR1 and ADAM33 gene promoter regions and, consequently, increased their gene and protein expression levels. To elucidate the possible interaction between liraglutide and the DNMT1 protein, we performed an in silico study that indicates liraglutide binding in the catalytic cleft via hydrogen bonds and salt bridges with the interdomain contacts and disturbs the overall enzyme conformation. The in vivo study was also able to reveal that liraglutide and the combined treatment of liraglutide and paclitaxel or methotrexate were effective in reducing tumor growth. Moreover, the modulation of CDH1 and ADAM33 mouse gene expression by DNA demethylation suggests a role for liraglutide in DNMT activity in vivo. Altogether, these results indicate that liraglutide may be further analysed as a new adjuvant treatment for BC.

During a series of epizootics caused by Yellow fever virus in Brazil between 2007 and 2009, a monkey was found dead (May 2009) in a sylvatic area in the State of Paraná. Brain samples from this animal were used for immunohistochemical analysis and isolation of a wild-type strain of YFV. This viral strain was characterized, and sequence analyzes demonstrated that it is closely related with YFV strains of the recently identified subclade 1E of the South American genotype I. Further characterization included indirect-immunofluorescence of different infected cell lines and analysis of the kinetics of virus replication and infectivity inhibition by type I IFN. The generated data contributes to the knowledge of YFV evolution and phylogeny. Additionally, the reagents generated and characterized during this study, such as a panel of monoclonal antibodies, are useful tools for further studies on YFV. Lastly, this case stresses the importance of yellow fever surveillance through sentinel monkeys.

The aim of this study is to compare the immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 1 and 8 in giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal mucosa. Twenty-two cases of giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and oral mucosa (control) each were subjected to immunohistochemistry using anti-metalloproteinase-1 and anti-metalloproteinase-8 antibodies. Eight images of each case were captured and analysed through the a) application of a count grid to count the number of positive neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels to obtain the percentage of staining and b) semi-automated segmentation quantifying the stained area in square micrometres. Statistical tests included ANOVA Two-way, Kruskal Wallis and Games-Howell, with a significance level of 5%. An increased percentage of metalloproteinase-1-immunopositive blood vessels were observed in giant-cell fibroma (26.6±22.4; p=0.02) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (34.3±31.5; p=0.01) compared with the control group (19.6±9.2). No significant differences in inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and total area of metalloproteinase-1 and -8 were noted among the three groups. Metalloproteinase-1 apparently acts within the pathogenesis of giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

ResumoObjetivoAvaliar os efeitos do ultrassom terapêutico e/ou alongamento, na morfologia após contusão muscular em ratos.MétodosRatos Wistar machos (n=35, 8‐9 semanas, 271±14g) foram divididos em cinco grupos: Grupo Controle (GC=3); Grupo Lesão (GL=8); Grupo Lesão+Ultrassom (GLUS=8); Grupo Lesão+Alongamento (GLA=8); Grupo Lesão+Ultrassom+Alongamento (GLUSA=8). A aplicação do ultrassom no GLUS e GLUSA foi feita do terceiro ao sétimo dia, pulsado 50%, 0,5W/cm2, 5min. Do décimo ao vigésimo primeiro dia foi feito o alongamento passivo no GLA e GLUSA, em quatro repetições de 30 s, com 30 s de intervalo, cada repetição. Após 22 dias, os ratos foram pesados e os músculos de ambas as patas foram retirados para análise do peso e comprimento muscular, número e comprimento dos sarcômeros, área de secção transversa e porcentagem de colágeno.ResultadosO peso corporal final foi maior do que o inicial em todos os grupos. O número de sarcômeros foi maior no GLA em relação ao GLUS e no GLUSA em relação ao GLUS e ao GC; o comprimento dos sarcômeros foi maior no GLUS comparado com o GLA (p

Objective The aim was to investigate collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and oral normal mucosa. Materials and methods Sixty-six cases were stained with picrosirius red. The slides were observed under polarization, followed by the measurement of the area and the percentage of the type I and type III collagens. The age and gender were obtained from the clinical records. Results No differences could be observed in both the area and percentage of the type I and type III collagens within the categories of lesions and normal mucosa. In the giant cells fibroma, a greater area and percentage of type I collagen could be identified in individuals of less than 41.5 years (p Conclusion The distribution of type I and type III collagen fibers in the studied lesions followed a similar pattern to that observed in the normal mucosa, indicating a normal collagen maturation process of type III to I. The study supports that multinucleated and stellate cells of the giant cell fibroma appear to be functional within collagen types III and I turnover. The greater amount of type I collagen identified in giant cell fibroma in individuals of less than 41.5 years reinforce the neoplastic nature of lesion.

It has been shown that stretching exercises can improve the flexibility and independence of the elderly. However, although these exercises commonly constitute training programs, the morphological adaptations induced by stretching exercises in aged skeletal muscle are still unclear. Objective To assess the acute effects of passive mechanical static stretching on the morphology, sarcomerogenesis and modulation of important components of the extracellular matrix of the soleus muscle of aged female rats. Methods Fifteen old female rats with 26 months were divided into two groups: stretching ( n = 8, SG) and control ( n = 7, CG): The stretching protocol consisted of 4 repetitions each of 1 min with 30 s interval between sets. Stretching was performed on the left soleus muscle, 3 times a week for 1 week. After three sessions, the rats were anesthetized to remove the left soleus muscle, and then euthanized. The following analyses were carried out: muscle fiber cross-sectional area and serial sarcomere number; immunohistochemistry for the quantification of collagen I, III and TGFβ-1. Results a decrease in muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the SG was observed when compared to the CG ( p = 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis); the percentage of type I collagen was significantly lower in the SG when compared to the CG ( p = 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis), as well as the percentage of TGFβ-1 ( p = 0.04, Kruskal–Wallis); collagen III was significantly higher in the SG than in the CG (7.06 ± 6.88% vs 4.92 ± 5.30%, p = 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis). Conclusion Although the acute stretching induced muscle hypotrophy, an antifibrotic action was detected.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an abnormality that occurs in premature neonate lung development. The pathophysiology is uncertain, but the inflammatory response to lung injury may be the responsible pathway. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of interleukins 6, 8, 10, and 17 through the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical study of the lungs of premature neonates with BPD. Thirty-two cases of neonatal autopsies from the Pathology Department of the Clinics Hospital of the Universidade Federal do Parana, who presented between 1991 and 2005 were selected. The sample included neonates less than 34 weeks of gestational age who underwent oxygen therapy and had pulmonary formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Pulmonary specimens were later classified into three groups according to histopathological and morphometric changes (classic BPD, new BPD, and without BPD) and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The antibodies selected for the study were anti-IL-6, anti-IL-8, anti-IL-10, and anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibodies. IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 showed no significant differences in tissue expression among the groups. IL-17A had higher tissue immunoreactivity in the group without BPD compared with the classic BPD group (1686 vs. 866 μm2, p = 0.029). This study showed that the involvement of interleukins 6, 8, and 10 might not be significantly different between the two types of BPD. We speculated that IL-17A could be a protective factor in this disease.

This study aimed to evaluate IL-17A (interleukin 17A) and IL-17RA (IL-17A receptor) in a pediatric population that died with non-pandemic acute viral pneumonia compared to the non-viral pneumonia group. Necropsy lung samples (n = 193) from children that died after severe acute infection pneumonia were selected and processed for viral antigen detection by immunohistochemistry. After this, they were separated into two groups: virus-positive (n = 68) and virus-negative lung samples (n = 125). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the presence of IL-17A and IL-17RA in the lung tissue. The virus-positive group showed stronger immunolabeling for IL-17A and IL-17RA (p = 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). The result of this study may suggest that IL-17A and IL-17RA plays an essential role in the maintenance of viral infection and lung injuries. These aspects may increase the severity of the inflammatory response leading to lethal lung injuries in these patients. Children with community-acquired non-pandemic pneumonia that requiring hospitalization could benefit from using IL-17RA/IL-17A monoclonal antibodies to block their injurious effects.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of three sessions of a passive stretching exercise protocol on the muscles of elderly female rats. METHODS: The effects of the stretching exercises on the soleus muscle were analyzed using immunohistochemistry [tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP), the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the gene expression levels using real-time PCR of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), collagen type 1 (COL1), and collagen type 3 (COL3)]. Fifteen 26-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, namely, Stretching (SG, n=8) and Control (CG, n=7). The passive mechanical stretching protocol consisted of a set of 4 1-minute repetitions, with 30 seconds between each repetition (total treatment of 4 minutes), three times a week for 1 week. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase of 71.4% in the TNF-α (p=0.04) gene expression levels for the SG and a 58% decrease in the TGF-β1 gene expression levels (p=0.005) in the SG compared to that in the CG. No significant differences were observed between the groups for the immunostaining of TIMP-1 or the gene expression levels of COL1 and COL3. CONCLUSION: Three sessions of static stretching reduced the gene expression level of TGF-β1, which, owing to its anti-fibrotic role, might contribute to the remodeling of the intramuscular connective tissue of the aging muscle. In addition, immunostaining revealed that TNF-α levels increased in the aging muscle tissue in response to stretching, indicating its effect on stimulating extracellular matrix degradation. These outcomes have important clinical implications in reinforcing the use of stretching exercises in the elderly, considering that the aging muscle presents an infiltration of connective tissue.

Objectives: To compare the interobserver variability in the diagnostic of serrated and non-serrated adenomatous lesions and hyperplastic polyps of colon between two groups of pathologists. Methods: 310 colorectal polyps were studied, with histological diagnoses established by a group of pathologists comprising three general pathologists for initial diagnosis, and two gastrointestinal pathologists for expert diagnosis. Results: High interobserver variability was observed in the diagnosis of serrated polyps, when comparing the initial diagnosis with the expert diagnosis (kappa = 0.102). For the majority of both traditional serrated adenomas and sessile serrated adenomas (27/31), a diagnosis of hyperplastic polyps was established at the initial diagnosis. Conclusions: Poor agreement was observed in the diagnosis of serrated polyps between the two groups of pathologists. The accuracy in the diagnosis of these lesions is essential for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Resumo: Objetivo: Comparar a variabilidade interobservador dos diagnósticos das lesões adenomatosas serrilhadas e não serrilhadas e pólipos hiperplásicos do cólon entre dois comitê de patologistas. Métodos: Foram estudados 310 pólipos colorretais, diagnosticados histologicamente por um comitê de patologia, composto por três patologistas gerais para o diagnóstico inicial e por dois patologistas gastrointestinais para o diagnóstico dos especialistas. Resultados: Houve alta variabilidade interobservador no diagnóstico dos pólipos serrilhados, ao serem comparados o diagnóstico inicial com o diagnóstico dos especialistas (kappa = 0,102). A maioria das lesões adenomatosas serrilhadas sésseis e tradicionais (27/31) foi diagnosticada pelo diagnóstico inicial como pólipos hiperplásicos. Conclusões: Houve baixa concordância no diagnóstico dos pólipos serrilhados colorretais entre os dois comitês de patologistas. A acurácia desses diagnósticos é fundamental para a prevenção do carcinoma colorretal. Keywords: Colon, Polyps, Serrated, Palavras-chave: Cólon, Pólipos, Serrilhado

ADAM28, ADAM33, IL-13, IL-4 and other cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) seem to play important roles in the persistence and maintenance of acute inflammatory processes that ultimately lead to lung remodeling and pulmonary fibrosis, which may be responsible for the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with non-pandemic acute viral pneumonias in childhood.The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of ADAM33, ADAM28, IL4, IL6, IL10 and IL13 in the development of inflammation and alveolar fibrosis due to lethal acute respiratory infections of the lower airway in a pediatric population, especially in those with viral etiology.For this study, 193 cases were selected, and samples from the cases were processed for viral antigen detection by immunohistochemistry and then separated into two groups: virus-positive (n=68) and virus-negative (n=125). Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the presence of metalloproteinases (ADAM33 and ADAM28) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10) in the alveolar septa.The virus-positive group showed stronger immunolabeling for ADAM33, ADAM28, IL-4 and IL-13 (p0.0001 for all variables). The staining intensities for ADAM33 and ADAM28 were directly proportional to the intensities for IL-4 and IL-13 (p0.0001).The results of this study suggest that these proteins play important roles in pulmonary inflammatory reactions elicited against etiological viral agents. In addition, these mediators may affect the process of lung remodeling and the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

It has been demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of BJcuL, the lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, on human gastric carcinoma is accompanied by the inhibition of extracellular matrix adhesion, cytoskeleton disassembly and apoptosis induction. The present study aimed to evaluate the apoptosis mechanisms triggered by the BJcuL interaction with specific glycans on the surface of HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The results demonstrated that BJcuL interacts with glycoligands targets on the cell, which were inhibited in the presence of d-galactose. It shows a dose-dependently cytotoxic effect that is inhibited in the presence of d-galactose. A dose-dependent cell aggregation decrease was also observed for the HT29 cells. Analysis of cell proliferation inhibition was assessed by anti-PCNA and demonstrated that lectin diminishes PCNA expression when compared with untreated cells. Differences in apoptotic marker expression estimated by immunohistochemistry revealed that the lectin promotes an increase in TRAIL expression, leading to an increase in the expression of FADD, caspase-8 and Bax. Besides the increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins, our results revealed that the lectin promotes a mitochondrial respiration decrease and a 75% increase in the amount of cytochrome c released. Together these results suggest that the cytotoxicity of BJcuL can sensitize pro-apoptotic proteins in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, leading to the apoptotic cascade.

Highlights • Respiratory infections represent a globally cause of mortality in childhood. • Individuals with impaired cellular immunity have more severe diseases. • The inflammatory response appears to play role in recovery from these diseases. • TCD8+ count (immunohistochemistry) was higher in the viral pneumonias (p = 0.04). • Tissue TCD8+ lymphocytes play role in the viral pneumonia inflammatory response., Background Acute viral respiratory infections represent a globally important cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. An individual's cellular response appears to play a critical role in recovery from infections, given that individuals with impaired cellular immunity, congenital or acquired, have more severe diseases and secrete the virus for longer periods. Objectives The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically evaluate the expression of the cell surface antigens CD4, CD8, CD25, CD14 and CD74, in pneumonic infiltrates in the alveolar septa using paraffin-embedded lung samples from autopsies of immunocompetent children who died of lethal, non-pandemic, severe acute respiratory infections. Study design From 794 cases of pediatric autopsies of patients with severe respiratory disease (between 1960 and 2004), 193 cases were selected for this study. To identify subpopulations of inflammatory cells in the alveolar septa, cell surface antigen expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the following primary antibodies: anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD14, anti-CD25 and anti-CD74. Results The TCD8+ lymphocyte count was higher in the virus-positive group (p = 0.04) and was also much higher among cases that were positive for more than three viral types (p = 0.016). There were fewer CD14+ cells in cases of AdV (adenovirus) infection (p = 0.002), and there was a predominance of CD74+ cells in the histopathological pattern defined as interstitial pneumonitis (p = 0.037). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that TCD8+ lymphocytes present in the alveolar septa participate to a greater extent in the response toward viral pneumonia, while CD14+ cell numbers are often reduced in cases of AdV.

Background Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and is the leading cause of cancer death in women in Brazil. Despite being widely studied, it is a disease that is not yet fully understood in its complexity. On the other hand, changes in parkin (parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) expression patterns have been described in several diseases, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, the association of these changes with cancer prognostic and predictive factors remains unclear. Also, parkin regulates APEX1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1), a protein crucial for repair of oxidized DNA damage, and BCL2L1 (BCL2 like 1), an apoptotic regulator. Both proteins were related to breast cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of Parkin, APEX1 and BCL2L1expression were performed in different breast cancer ductal invasive samples from Southern Brazilian patients to characterize their patterns and explore its association with clinical features and disease outcome.Therefore, 112 samples were organized into 15 Tissue Micro Arrays. The samples were classified in four molecular subtypes based on clinicopathological criteria (46 Luminal B, 24 Luminal A, 24 Basal and 18 HER2). These samples were obtained from Hospital Nossa Senhora das Gracas (Curitiba, PR, Brazil) patients who were followed from 5 to 18 years. Results Parkin, APEX1 and BCL2L1 showed different expression patterns between the subtypes assessed. While in Luminal A and B APEX1 expression was increased, parkin expression was higher among Basal and HER2 subtypes. BCL2L1 expression was increased mainly in HER2 subtype. When regarding to estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, APEX1 was more expressed in ER/PR-positive samples, whereas Parkin and BCL2L1 in negative ones. No such difference was observed considering only HER2. BCL2L1 expression pattern was significantly associated with disease-free survival time independent of molecular subtypes, lymph node status and tumor size (p = 0.020). The higher the expression levels of BCL2L1, the shorter the disease-free survival time. Conclusions The expression of BCL2L1 is direclty associated with relapse of ductal invasive breast tumors, independently of other clinical variables. Legal entity responsible for the study Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana (PUCPR). Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Background The purpose of our study was to assess the biocompatibility of the porcine small bowel submucosa and its ability to increase the rectal diameter compared with a formal transverse coloplasty. Methods We assigned 36 New Zealand male rabbits to four experimental groups: groups C1 and C2 were treated with transverse coloplasty and groups S1 and S2 were treated with a patch of a porcine small intestine submucosa. We killed the animals in the C1 and S1 groups on the 7th postoperative day, and the animals in the C2 and S2 groups on the 30th postoperative day. We evaluated outcomes on the basis of animal survival, clinical course, anastomosis bursting pressures, morphometric examination, and histologic and immunohistochemical assessment. Results Morphometric examination showed a significant increase in colonic diameter in animals in the S2 group. We found no statistical difference regarding anastomosis bursting pressure between the C1 and S1 groups, and the C2 and S2 groups. On the 30th postoperative day, histologic examination showed total epithelium coverage of the grafts, and the immunohistochemical study showed an organized smooth muscular layer covering the graft. The higher concentration of collagen ticker fiber, type I, was seen in the S2 and C2 groups, but there was no statistical difference between them. Conclusions The implanted graft proved superior to transverse coloplasty regarding the increase in distal colon diameter. Remarkable regeneration, marked fibroplasia, and epithelium coverage occurred throughout the graft on the 30th postoperative day.

Background Myocardial infarction is a public health problem. Functional food is an alternative treatment for cardiovascular diseases. Objective The objective was to analyze the functional and anatomopathological post-myocardial-infarction effects of soybean extract (SE) and isoflavone (IF). Methods Myocardial infarction was induced in adult Wistar rats. After 5 days, an echocardiogram was performed to determine heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), systolic volume (LVESV) and diastolic volume (LVEDV). Animals with ventricular dysfunction (EF n =14), SE ( n =15) and IF ( n =12). The IF group received 120 mg/kg/day isolated IF, and the SE group received 12.52 g/day. After 30 days, a new echocardiogram was performed. A histological exam was carried out to determine the collagen. Activity of biochemical markers [arginase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase] was measured. Results The animals of the control, IF and SE groups showed a reduction in EF after the infarction ( P =.432, P =.017 and P =.320, respectively). An increase of LVESV and LVEDV was observed in all groups ( P =.009, P =.001 and P =.140; and P =.003, P =.008 and P =.205, respectively). A reduction of HR was found in the SE group ( P =.020). There was a greater activity of LDH in the SE group. A smaller quantity of mature collagen was found in the region proximal to the myocardial infarction in the SE group. Conclusion A protective effect in the SE group was observed 30 days after the myocardial infarction.

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne RNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). From the first detection of infection in Brazil in 1993 until 2009, 1161 cases of HPS have been reported, with mortality rates of around approximately 40%. Currently, due to the absence of a vaccine or specific antiviral therapy, the only way to reduce mortality by hantavirus infection is a fast and precise diagnosis that allows for supportive clinical health care. To improve the detection of hantavirus infection, we developed monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the nucleoprotein (rNDelta85) of the Araucaria hantavirus strain (ARAUV). The specificity of generated Mabs for rNDelta85 was demonstrated by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. These are the first monoclonal antibodies to be produced and characterized against the South American hantavirus strain, and may be of special interest in the development of diagnostic assays and epidemiological studies.

Summary Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone formation in surgically created defects of rabbit mandibles by synthetic hydroxyapatite of calcium compared to small Intestine Submucosa. Material and Method: 24 mices lineage Wisthar-Furth were used. A bony defect of 0,75 cm x 1,5 cm in mandibular ramus was accomplished in all animals. The hydroxyapatite implants were placed on the left hemimandiblein groupI, small Intestine submucosa in group II, and the right served as control. The euthanasia was accomplished in the 40° postoperative day, it was proceeded the macroscopic and histological analysis. Results: medium length in millimeters of the hemimandibless in the hydroxyapatite group was of 3,75, in the small intestine submucosa 3,03 and the control group was of 2,63 (p: 0,022). Histomorphometry study reaveled new bone grown in 76,64% of the total area in hydroxyapatite group (p: 0,022). In Small Intestinal submucosa group new bone grown in 63,64% do total (p: 0,0022). Discussion: satisfactory bone integration was observed of the synthetic hydroxyapatite in that experimental model. Small intestinal submucosa cause osteoinduction Conclusion: using hydroxyapatite of calcium resulted in formation of significantly larger volume frations of new bone when compared to small intestinal submucosa group.