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This study aims to examine the level of PsyCap and Work-life balance (WLB) of entrepreneurs in Bangalore city and also to determine the impact of PsyCap on their Work-life balance. The study is descriptive and empirical and the data was collected through the survey method. The questionnaire was divided into three portions. The first portion of the questionnaire comprised all the demographic questions. The second portion of the questionnaire comprised of the short version of the Psychological Capital scale (PCQ-24) developed by Luthans &Youssef, shorter version 2007 adapted by Ferreira. The third portion of the questionnaire comprised of 39-items Work-life Balance scale developed by Mathew & Panchanatham (2011). The PsyCap scale comprised of four sub-dimensions namely Hope, Efficacy, Resilience & Optimism (HERO). The Work-life Balance scale comprised of five sub-dimensions namely Role Overload, Quality of health, Dependent care, Time management & Support network. Through this study, the author intends to identify the mean scores of all the sub-dimensions of PsyCap and the Work-life balance of entrepreneurs. Cronbach alpha was used to measure the reliability of both scales. Some of the statistical tests used in the study to test the formulated hypothesis were Correlation analysis and Multiple Regression analysis.

In this paper, the adversarial haze attack problem is addressed using the dark channel prior (DCP) de-hazing method. The adversarial attack affects rank-1 accuracy, where searching a target image against each test image is a specific search problem. To resolve this kind of problem, a feature fusion model is proposed to fuse handcrafted features and a pre-trained network model to obtain robust and discriminative features. The proposed model learns global features using transfer learning architecture whereas local features are obtained using the conventional method. Three pre-trained CNN models (AlexNet, ResNet, and Inception-v3) are used for feature extraction via transfer learning. The experiments are performed on publicly available datasets, achieving 68.6% accuracy in rank-1 with VIPER dataset and 79.6% accuracy with CHUK03 dataset. The proposed model enhances rank-1 accuracy of person re-identification when comparing with other state-of-the-art methods.

Agriculture has been considered as one of the contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and it continues to increase with increase in crop production. Hence development of sustainable agro techniques with maximum crop production, and low global warming potential is need of the hour. Quantifying net global warming potential (NGWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of an agricultural activity is a method to assess the mitigation potential of the activity. But there is dearth of information on NGWP of conservation agriculture under rainfed conditions. Hence in this study two methods such as crop based (NGWPcrop) and soil based (NGWPsoil) were estimated from the data of the experiment initiated in 2009 in rainfed semiarid regions of Hyderabad, India with different tillage practices like conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), zero tillage (ZT) and residue retention levels by harvesting at different heights which includes 0, 10 and 30 cm anchored residue in pigeonpea-castor systems. The results of the study revealed that under rainfed conditions CT recorded 24% higher yields over ZT, but CT and RT were on par with each other. However, the yield gap between the tillage treatments is narrowing down over 5 years of study. ZT and RT recorded 26 and 11% lower indirect GHG emissions (emissions from farm operations and input use) over CT, respectively. The percent contribution of CO2 eq. N2O emission is higher to total GHG emissions in both the crops. Both NGWPcrop, NGWPsoil, GHGIcrop, and GHGIsoil based were influenced by tillage and residue treatments. Further, castor grown on pigeonpea residue recorded 20% higher GHG emissions over pigeonpea grown on castor residues. The fuel consumption in ZT was reduced by 58% and 81% as compared to CT in pigeonpea and castor, respectively. Lower NGWP and GHGI based on crop and soil was observed with increase in crop residues and decrease in tillage intensity in both the crops. The results of the study indicate that, there is scope to reduce the NGWP emissions by reducing one tillage operation as in RT and increase in crop residue by harvesting at 10 and 30 cm height with minimal impact on the crop yields. However, the trade-off between higher yield and soil health versus GHG emissions should be considered while promoting conservation agriculture. The NGWPcrop estimation method indicated considerable benefits of residues to the soil and higher potential of GHG mitigation than by the NGWPsoil method and may overestimate the potential of GHG mitigation in agriculture system.

Alterations in plant rhizodeposition under elevated CO2 (eCO2) are likely to influence below-ground plant–microbe interactions and soil C dynamics. There are studies on influence of elevated CO2 on soil microorganisms and below-ground microbial processes. However there is general lack of information on how altered plant–microbe interactions under eCO2 will influence belowground C-sequestration. In the present review we focus on the greenhouse gas CO2 with relevance to its effect on plant associated beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Role of these microorganisms in belowground nutrient cycling and soil aggregation is discussed with reference to soil C-sequestration. This review demonstrates that eCO2 influence the richness, composition and structure of soil microbial community and the influence is more on active microbial communities and in the vicinity of roots. High C:N ratio under eCO2 favors fungi with wider C:N ratio and nutrient acquisition ability and biological nitrogen fixers. The ecosystems with fungal-dominated soil communities may have higher C retention than bacterial dominated soil communities. However, soil C-sequestration through plant growth, is strongly controlled by availability of nitrogen and nutrients required for biological nitrogen fixation. Nitrogenous and other chemical fertilizers show positive effect on C-sequestration but carry a carbon cost. Promotion of biological nitrogen fixers, and nutrient solubilizers and mobilizers may help in maintaining soil nutrient balance for higher C-sequestration. However more data need to be generated on the response of various plant beneficial as well as pathogenic microbial communities to eCO2. We suggest that plant associated communities and related processes to be researched in long term studies for alteration under eCO2 so as to assess their C-sequestration potential and identify management strategies for enhanced sequestration.

Shoot-tip derived callus cultures of Sorghum bicolor were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as by bombardment methods with the mutated pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CSF129A) gene encoding the key enzyme for proline biosynthesis from glutamate. The transgenics were selfed for three generations and T4 plants were examined for 100 mM NaCl stress tolerance in pot conditions. The effect of salt stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rates, intrinsic transpiration and water use efficiencies, proline content, MDA levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in 40-day-old transgenic lines and the results were compared with untransformed control plants. The results show that chlorophyll content declines by 65% in untransformed controls compared to 30–38% loss (significant at P < 0.05) in transgenics but not carotenoid levels. Photosynthetic rate (PSII activity) was reduced in untransformed controls almost completely, while it declined by 62–88% in different transgenic lines. Salinity induced ca 100% stomatal closure in untransformed plants, while stomatal conductance was decreased only by 64–81% in transgenics after 4 days. The intercellular CO2 decreased by ca 30% in individual transgenic lines. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower in transgenics compared to untransformed controls. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC1.8.1.7) were quantified in leaves exposed to 100 mM NaCl stress and found higher in transgenics. The results suggest that transgenic lines were able to cope better with salt stress than untransformed controls by protecting photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities.

We propose an energy efficient error control code for the on chip interconnection link capable of correcting any type of error patterns including random and burst errors up to five (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 errors). The proposed code is based on single error correction–double error detection (SEC–DED) extended Hamming code and standard triplication error correction scheme. Using single error correction–double error detection (SEC–DED) extended Hamming code and standard triplication error correction scheme a new decoding algorithm is proposed to correct multiple errors up to five in on-chip interconnection link. Triplication error correction scheme provides crosstalk avoidance by reducing the coupling capacitance of the interconnection wire. The proposed code provides high reliability compared to other error control codes. The performance of the proposed code is evaluated for codec area, codec power, codec delay, residual flit error rate, link swing voltage and link power. For the given reliability requirement of 10−5 and 10−20, the proposed code achieves low residual flit error rate and low swing voltage. The low swing voltage results in the reduction of the link power consumption up to 68% compared to the existing error control codes for on chip interconnection link. The low residual flit error rate and low link power make the proposed code appropriate for on chip interconnection link.

The increasing demand for the high fidelity portable devices has laid emphasis on the development of low power and high performance systems. In the next generation processors, the low power design has to be incorporated into fundamental computation units, such as adders and multipliers. In this paper SERF and Modified SERF full adder topologies are presented. The analysis of Power, Delay, Power Delay Product (PDP) optimization characteristics of SERF Adder is designed. In order to achieve optimal power savings at smaller geometry sizes, proposed a heuristic approach known as Modified SERF adder model. The proposed Modified SERF adder model consumed the least power compare to SERF Adder with no deterioration in performance. Taken together, the results suggest that the Modified SERF Adder is well suited for ultra low power design and fast computation at smaller geometry sizes.

A study was conducted to analyse the association of osmotic adjustment (OA) with drought tolerance and yield in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Hybrids (GCH4, DCH32 and DCH177) and their respective parents (VP-1, 48-1, LRES17, DCS5, DPC9 and DCS9) were assessed for their osmotic adjustment, leaf water relations, accumulation of compatible solutes in relation to seed yield in response to moisture stress at primary spike development stage. OA increased with increasing stress period up to 33 days and the increase was more rapid in the high OA (HOA) genotypes. HOA genotypes also had higher leaf RWC and ELWRC and maintained higher leaf water potentials (Ψl) compared to LOA genotypes under water deficit. Genotypes with HOA accumulated greater levels of proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), total free amino acids (FAA) and potassium than those with LOA in response to water deficit. Contribution of TSS was the maximum (61%), compared to FAA (17%), proline (12%) and potassium (2.8%) to the Ψs at 33 days after imposing water deficit indicating that sugars were the major contributors towards OA in castor leaves. A positive relationship existed between OA of expanded leaf 33 days after imposing stress (r = 0.8539) and total seed yield under water-limited conditions in various castor genotypes tested and HOA genotypes had higher total seed yield than genotypes with LOA. Genotype variability exists for OA and it is a heritable trait in castor. Hybrids followed their superior parents in terms of OA. HOA genotypes of castor produced significantly higher seed yield than LOA genotypes. Accumulation of TSS contributed largely to the OA in castor.

The experiment was conducted to develop an integrated treatment system for coffee processing wastewater (CPWW) through the combination of biomethanation with aeration and wetland plants treatment. The biomethanation was carried out at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) using upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor (UAHR) and 18 h of HRT was found to be optimum. The maximum biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids (TS) reduction were 66.0%, 61.0% and 58.0%, respectively with organic loading rate of 9.55 kg m −3 day −1 . The reduction of pollution load of the wastewater by microbial action augmented by aeration resulted in the reduction of electrical conductivity (EC), BOD, COD, and total solids (TS). Continuous aeration of wastewater resulted in maximum reduction of BOD (74.6%), COD (68.6%) and TS (49.3%). The wetland plant, Typha latifolia reduced 85.4% and 78.0% of BOD and COD, respectively in biomethanated cum aerated CPWW.

The bacterial betA gene for biosynthesis of glycinebetaine was transferred to cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivar 'Golden Acre' through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of hypocotyl explants. Transgenic status was established through Southern hybridization and mRNA expression in the shoots. The transformants exhibited higher tolerance to NaCl stress compared to untransformed parent plants. In physiological assessment of salinity tolerance, transgenics showed better growth response and greater stability in maintaining plant water relations at increasing levels of salinity. These results demonstrate that engineering glycinebetaine biosynthetic pathway into cabbage can lead to enhanced salt tolerance.

The effect of leaf removal on sink expression was studied in a heterotic hybrid (CM119×CM120) of maize and its parents CM119 and CM120 to understand the physiological basis of yield heterosis. Leaf removal treatments were imposed by excising 0, 33, 66 and 100% leaves above the cob at silking. The hybrid had a significantly higher biomass and kernel yield, kernel number per square metre and 100 kernel weight compared to its parents with all leaf removal treatments. The kernel yield showed a highly significant linear relationship with the leaf area index at silking in all the genotypes. The final kernel number at harvest appeared to be tightly controlled by the leaf area available. Leaf senescence pattern after anthesis differed for the treatments and was lowest in the hybrid as compared with the female and particularly with the male parent. An analysis of cob characters revealed that the female parent had a higher number of florets per row compared to the male parent at silking, whereas the male parent was better than the female parent in the ratio of filled kernels to the florets. The hybrid followed the better parent in both characters.

Nodulation and N2 (C2H2) fixation processes were studied in cowpea and groundnut during water stress and recovery. In plants relieved from water stress, leaf water-potential recovered much faster than nitrogenase activity in both species. The recovery ability depended on the intensity of water stress. Nitrogenase activity recovered much faster in groundnut than cowpea, even from a relatively higher level of stress. This was partly due to the lack of nodule shedding in groundnut, while severe shedding of nodules in cowpea did not permit the recovery of activity, particularly at higher stress levels. Leghemoglobin was found to be more stable in the nodules of groundnut than cowpea. Water stress led to an accumulation of total soluble sugars in groundnut nodules, while there was no change in cowpea. The recovery pattern of nitrogenase activity in these two crop species is discussed in relation to the nodule morphology, biochemical response and the differences in stress response at the whole plant level.