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1. Determination of the longitudinal proton structure function FL(x,Q2) at low x

Author

C. Adloff, S. Aid, M. Anderson, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, C. Arndt, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, M. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, J. Blümlein, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, W. Brückner, P. Bruel, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, D. Calvet, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, K.T. Donovan, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, T. Haller, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, B. Heinemann, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, K. Hewitt, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, M. Ibbotson, Ç. İşsever, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, D.M. Jansen, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, M. Kausch, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, S. Levonian, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, P. Loch, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, L. Lytkin, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, F. Metlica, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, I. Négri, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, T. Nunnemann, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, B. Povh, S. Prell, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, S. Riemersma, H. Rick, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, J. Steinhart, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stößlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, N. Tobien, R. Todenhagen, P. Truöl, G. Tsipolitis, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, E. Tzamariudaki, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, M. Wobisch, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, P. Zini, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, M. zurNedden, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), HERA, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), Positron, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

A measurement of the inclusive cross section for the deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off protons at HERA is presented at momentum transfers $8.5 \leq Q^2 \leq 35 GeV^2$ and large inelasticity $y = 0.7$, i.e. for the Bjorken-x range $0.00013 \leq x \leq 0.00055$. Using a next-to-leading order QCD fit to the structure function F_2 at lower y values, the contribution of F_2 to the measured cross section at high y is calculated and, by subtraction, the longitudinal structure function F_{L} is determined for the first time with an average value of $F_L=0.52 \pm 0.03 (stat)$^ {+0.25}_{-0.22}$ (syst) at $Q^2=15.4 GeV^2$ and $x=0.000243$., 17 pages, latex, 4 Figures

Published
1997

2. Photoproduction of mesons in electron-proton collisions at HERA

Author

S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roeck, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R.K. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, T. Hadig, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforge, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, P.-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg_Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawletta, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, and M. zurNedden

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Meson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Order (ring theory), Parton, HERA, Charm quark, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

At the electron-proton collider HERA the inclusive D-*+/- meson photoproduction cross section has been measured with the H1 detector in two different, but partly overlapping, kinematical regions. For the first, where [W-gamma p] approximate to 200 GeV and Q(2) < 0.01 GeV2, the result is sigma(gamma p --> c(c) over barX$) = (13.2 +/- 2.2(-1.7-4.8)(+2.1+9.9)) mu b. The second measurement for Q(2) < 4 GeV2 yields sigma(gamma p) --> c(c) over barX$) = (9.3 +/- 2.1(-1.8-3.2)(+1.9+6.9)) mu b at [W-gamma p] approximate to 142 GeV and sigma(gamma p --> c(c) over barX$) = (20.6 +/- 5.5(-3.9-7.2)(+4.3+15.4)) mu b at [W-gamma p] approximate to 230 GeV, respectively. The third error accounts for an additional uncertainty due to the proton and photon parton density parametrizations. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of the D-*+/- transverse momentum and rapidity. The results compare reasonably well with next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Evidence for diffractive photoproduction of charm quarks is presented.

Published
1996

3. Elastic electroproduction of ϱ and mesons at large Q2 at HERA

Author

S. Aid, V Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bähr, J. Bán, Y. Ban, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, R. Barschke, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançoni, R. Beyer, P. Biddulph, P. Bispham, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, F. Botterweck, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, R. Buchholz, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, M.J. Burton, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, B. Clerbaux, S. Cocks, J.G. Contreras, C. Cormack, J.A. Coughlanf, A. Courauab, M.-C. Cousinou, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, C.L. Davis, B. Delcourt, A. De Roec, E.A. De Wolf, M. Dirkmann, P. Dixon, P. Di Nezza, W. Dlugosz, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Droutskoi, D. Dullmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, E. Evrard, A.B. Fahr, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, J. Formanek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, F. Gaede, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, A. Glazov, U. Goerlac, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, K. Golec-Biernat, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, I. Gorelov, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, R. Griffiths, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, M. Hampel, W.J. Haynes, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, I. Herynek, M.F. Hess, W. Hildesheim, K.H. Hiller, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, D. Hoffmann, T. Holtom, R. Horisberger, V.L. Hudgson, M. Hütte, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Johnson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, M. Kander, D. Kant, R. Kaschowitz, U. Kathage, J. Katzy, H.H. Kaufmann, O. Kaufmann, S. Kazarian, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, T. Köhler, J.H. Köhne, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, T. Krämerkämper, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, D. Lacour, B. Laforgei, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, U. Langenegger, J.-F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, F. Lehner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, G. Lindström, M. Lindstroem, J. Link, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. List, G. Lobo, H. Lohmander, J.W. Lomas, G.C. Lopez, V. Lubimov, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, R. Maraček, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, T. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meyer, T. Merz, A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, R-O. Meyer, A. Migliori, S. Mikocki, D. Milstead, J. Moeck, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, E. Mroczko, D. Müller, G. Müller, K. Miiller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, R. Nahnhauer, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, T.C. Nicholls, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, Ch. Niedzballa, H. Niggli, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, M. Oakden, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, D. Ozerov, P. Palmen, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, H. Pawlett, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, A. Pieuchot, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, K. Rabbertz, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, H. Rick, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, F. Riepenhausen, S. Riess, E. Rizvi, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, H.E. Roloff, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, F. Rouse, C. Royon, K. Rüter, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, D.P.C. Sankey, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, F. Sefkow, M. Seidel, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, V. Solochenko, Y. Soloviev, A. Specka, J. Spiekermann, S. Spielman, H. Spitzer, F. Squinabol, R. Starosta, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, A. Stellberger, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stöβlein, K. Stolze, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P Sutton, S. Tapprogge, [au M. Taševský, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tchetchelnitski, J. Theissen, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, P. Uelkes, A. Usik, S. Valkár, A. Valkdrovd, C. Vallée, D. Vandenplas, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, Y. Vazdik, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, M. Wagener, A. Walther, B. Waugh, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, T. Wengler, M. Werner, L.R. West, T. Wilksen, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, C. Wittek, E. Wünsch, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, Z. Zhang, A. Zhokin, M. Zimmer, F. Zomer, J. Zsembery, K. Zuber, and M. zurNedden

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Meson, Proton, Momentum transfer, Theoretical models, High Energy Physics::Experiment, HERA, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The total cross sections for the elastic electroproduction of $\rh0$ and $J/\Psi$ mesons for $Q^2$ $>$ 8 GeV$^2$ and $ \simeq 90$ GeV/c$^2$ are measured at HERA with the H1 detector. The measurements are for an integrated electron$-$proton luminosity of $\simeq$~3~pb$^{-1}$. The dependences of the total virtual photon$-$proton ($\gamma^* p$) cross sections on $Q^2$, $W$ and the momentum transfer squared to the proton ($t$), and, for the $\rho$, the dependence on the polar decay angle ($\cos \theta^*$), are presented. The $J/\Psi$ : $\rh0$ cross section ratio is determined. The results are discussed in the light of theoretical models and of the interplay of hard and soft physics processes.

Published
1996

4. A behavioural and pharmacological examination of phenylethylamine-induced anorexia and hyperactivity— comparisons with amphetamine

Author

P.J. Coffey, A.M.J. Montgomery, D.A. Popplewell, and M.J. Burton

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Dextroamphetamine, Clinical Biochemistry, Anorexia, Motor Activity, Toxicology, Biochemistry, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pimozide, Internal medicine, Biogenic amine, Neuromodulation, Phenethylamines, medicine, Animals, Amphetamine, Neurotransmitter, Trace amine, Biological Psychiatry, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, food and beverages, Feeding Behavior, Rats, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Catecholamine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, medicine.drug
Abstract

The discovery that trace amine beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) has a number of properties in common with amphetamine (AMPH) has led to the suggestion that PEA may be a neuromodulator of catecholamine release or an "endogenous amphetamine." The present study compared PEA-induced behavioural changes (anorexia and hyperactivity) with AMPH-induced changes in feeding and motor activity. The first experiment examined the effects of PEA (0-35 mg/kg) on the temporal profile of feeding. The results from this experiment revealed important differences between the effects of PEA as compared with AMPH, in particular PEA failed to increase the rate of eating that is characteristic of AMPH-induced anorexia. The second experiment concurrently measured food intake and motor activity following equi-anorectic doses of PEA and AMPH and pretreatment with the neuroleptic pimozide. Pimozide attenuated PEA-induced hyperactivity, AMPH-induced hyperactivity and AMPH-induced anorexia, but failed to attenuate PEA-induced anorexia. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action of PEA and AMPH.

Published
1986

5. Modulation during learning of the responses of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus to the sight of food

Author

F. Mora, M.J. Burton, and Edmund T. Rolls

Subjects
genetic structures, Lateral hypothalamus, Population, Hypothalamus, Stimulus (physiology), Extinction, Psychological, Discrimination, Psychological, Developmental Neuroscience, Animals, Learning, education, Saimiri, Neurons, education.field_of_study, biology, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Squirrel monkey, Substantia innominata, Feeding Behavior, Haplorhini, biology.organism_classification, Macaca mulatta, nervous system, Neurology, Food, Visual discrimination, Visual Perception, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

Recordings were made from single neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia innominata of the rhesus and squirrel monkey during feeding. A population of these neurons which altered their firing rates while the monkeys looked at food but not at nonfood objects was investigated. Because the responses of these neurons must have been affected by the previous experience of the animals, the activity of the neurons was measured during tasks in which the monkeys learned whether or not objects which they saw were associated with food. During visual discrimination tests these neurons came to respond when the monkey saw one stimulus associated with food (e.g., a black syringe from which the animal was fed glucose), but not when the monkey saw a different stimulus which was not associated with food (e.g., a white syringe from which the animal was offered saline). During extinction tests these units ceased to respond when the monkey saw a visual stimulus such as a peanut if the peanut was repeatedly not given to the monkey to eat. The learning or extinction behavior approximately paralleled the response of the neurons. The findings that the neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia innominata respond when a monkey is shown food only if he is hungry, and as shown here, if as a result of learning the visual stimulus signifies food, provide information on a part of the brain which may be involved in feeding. The findings are consistent with other data which suggest that the responses of these neurons are involved in the autonomic and/or behavioral reactions of the animal to the sight of food.

Published
1976

6. A microcomputer system designed for psychological and behavioural experiments

Author

M.J. Burton and D.A. Popplewell

Subjects
Computers, Psychology, Experimental, business.industry, Computer science, General Neuroscience, Ethology, computer.file_format, Converters, Software, Microcomputers, Embedded system, Data logger, Microcomputer, Effective method, Executable, EPROM, business, Host (network), computer
Abstract

This paper describes a relatively cheap MC6809-based microcomputer designed to run experiments in real-time, and to use the hardware and software facilities of a larger (HOST) computer. Each microcomputer is capable of controlling a wide range of psychological and behavioural experiments, and includes 32K RAM, 4K EPROM, 32 digital input lines, 32 digital output lines, analogue/digital converters, and programmable timers. Any programming language may be used, providing a cross-compiler generating MC6809 executable code exists for the HOST. Following over a year of use we can confirm that this system provides an effective method of running psychological and behavioural experiments.

Published
1985

7. Hypothalamic neuronal responses associated with the sight of food

Author

F. Mora, Edmund T. Rolls, and M.J. Burton

Subjects
Visual perception, genetic structures, Hunger, General Neuroscience, Hypothalamus, Eye movement, Haplorhini, Darkness, Macaca mulatta, Arousal, Motor movement, Globus pallidus, nervous system, Food, Animals, Lateral hypothalamic region, Neurology (clinical), Aversive Stimulus, Psychology, Evoked Potentials, Saimiri, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience, Vision, Ocular, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Neurones in the lateral hypothalamic region are described which alter their firing rates when a monkey looks at food. The units responsed when the monkey looked at different types of food, but not at non-food objects or simple visual stimuli. The units did not respond in relation to motor movements, intense arousal, nor when a salient aversive stimulus was shown, nor in relation to eye movements, and were thus shown to be different from units in the globus pallidus which did respond in some of these control tests. The neurones did not respond to olfactory stimuli and did not respond if the animal ate in the dark. Because of these findings it is suggested that the activity of these hypothalamic neurones is associated with the sight of food. It is of interest that these neurones which respond when food is shown to a hungry animal are found in a region thought to be involved in the control of feeding.

Published
1976

8. Effects of small basolateral amygdala lesions on ingestion in the rat

Author

M.J. Burton and R.E. Fitzgerald

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sucrose, medicine.medical_treatment, Drinking Behavior, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Amygdala, Stereotaxic Techniques, Lesion, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Conditioning, Psychological, Avoidance Learning, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Ingestion, Neophobia, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Taste, Taste aversion, medicine.symptom, Basolateral amygdala
Abstract

Using a variety of tests, the effects of small bilateral electrolytic lesions restricted to either anterior (BLa) (n=8) or posterior basolateral (BLp) (n=8) nucleus of the amygdala on food and fluid ingestion were measured. BLa lesions increased latency to eat in a novel environment, relative to sham operated controls (n=9). Neither lesion affected intake of 0.1% HCl, either on first exposure or after pairing with IP LiCl (conditioned taste aversion). However, water intake of both lesion groups was higher than normal during limited access water deprivation. Ad lib food and water intake were normal in both groups, but BLa animals drank more water than shams in response to acute cellular dehydration (IP 2M NaCl). Ad lib 24 hour intake of a range of concentrations of sucrose (0.02 M, 0.2 M, 2 M) and NaCl (0.05 M, 0.2 M, 1 M) was normal in BLp animals, but the BLa group drank less of the normally most preferred concentration of NaCl (0.2 M) than shams. The BLa group did not increase food intake significantly after insulin administration. These lesion induced alterations are discussed in relation to previous studies on damage to basolateral amygdala, and possible anatomical substrates for the effects are briefly discussed.

Published
1981

9. Neurophysiological analysis of brain-stimulation reward in the monkey

Author

F. Mora, Edmund T. Rolls, and M.J. Burton

Subjects
Lateral hypothalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Biology, Nucleus accumbens, Globus Pallidus, Satiety Response, Amygdala, Nucleus Accumbens, Self Stimulation, Reward, medicine, Animals, Premovement neuronal activity, Saimiri, Molecular Biology, Neurons, Brain Mapping, General Neuroscience, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Substantia innominata, Brain, Haplorhini, Macaca mulatta, Electric Stimulation, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Brain stimulation reward, Orbitofrontal cortex, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Neuronal activity related to brain-stimulation reward and to feeding was analyzed in rhesus monkeys and squirrel monkeys as follows. First, self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens was found. Second, a population of single neurones in the lateral hypothalamus was found to be trans-synaptically activated from one or several self-stimulation sites. It was also found to populations of neurones in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala were activated from at least some of the self-stimulation sites. Thus, in the monkey, there is evidence for an interconnected set of self-stimulation sites, stimulation in any one of which may activate neurones in the other regions. These sites include the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex. Third, in one sample of 764 neurones in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia innominata which were activated from brain-stimulation reward sites, 13.6% were also activated during feeding, by the sight and/or taste of food. The responses of the neurones with activity associated with taste occurred only while some substances (e.g. sweet substances such as glucose) were in the mouth, depended on the concentration of the substances being tasted, and were independent of mouth movements made by the monkeys. Fourth, the responses of these neurones occurred to food when the monkeys were hungry, but not when they were satiated. Fifth, self-stimulation occurred in the region of these neurones in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia innominata, and was attenuated by satiety. These results suggest that self-stimulation of some brain sites occurs because of activation of neurones in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia innominata activated by the sight and/or taste of food in the hungry animal, and that these neurones are involved in responses to food reward.

Published
1980

10. Effect of fenprostalene on postpartum myometrial activity in dairy cows with normal or delayed placental expulsion

Author

M.L. Fahning, R.C. Herschler, R. Zemjanis, H.E. Dziuk, and M.J. Burton

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Fetus, General Veterinary, Placental expulsion, business.industry, Ice calving, Uterine horns, Uterine Contraction, Endocrinology, Fenprostalene, Pregnancy, Fetal membrane, Internal medicine, Prostaglandins F, Synthetic, medicine, Animals, Cattle, Female, business, Dexamethasone, Post partum, medicine.drug
Abstract

Postpartum myometrial response to fenprostalene (1 mg subcutaneously) was determined using strain gauge transducers (SGTs) in Holstein cows with normal or delayed placental expulsion. In six cows, parturition was induced using dexamethasone (20 mg intramuscularly) and five of these developed fetal membrane retention (FMR). A further six cows were allowed to calve spontaneously and one developed FMR. Shortly after calving, four SGTs were sutured to the greater curvature of the previously gravid uterine horn, dividing it approximately into thirds. Eight cows (four FMR, four FME (fetal membranes expelled)) each received fenprostalene at 12, 36, 60, and 84 h post partum. The remaining animals (2 FMR, 2 FME) each received physiological saline (2 ml subcutaneously) at these same treatment times. Fenprostalene produced no significant changes in myometrial activity on any of days 1–4 post partum. Furthermore, there were no significant cumulative effects due to repeated daily injection of fenprostalene. The presence of FMR was accompanied by an increased frequency of uterine contractions (P < 0·005), and greater (P < 0·025) and more rapid (P < 0·025) tubo-cervical contraction wave propagation—regardless of treatment.

Published
1987

11. Feeding rate and meal patterns in the laboratory rat

Author

D.A. Popplewell, M.J. Burton, and P.G. Clifton

Subjects
Male, Food intake, Meal, Taste, Time Factors, Fenfluramine, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Drinking, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Stimulation, Feeding Behavior, Biology, medicine.disease, Models, Biological, Obesity, Rats, Laboratory rat, Behavioral Neuroscience, Animals, Laboratory, medicine, Anorectic, Animals, sense organs, Food science, medicine.drug
Abstract

Many manipulations used in the study of feeding (e.g., changes of food taste or texture, anorectic drugs) affect the rate of food consumption. Consequent changes in meal patterning might reflect either direct effects of the manipulation or alternatively might result from indirect effects of the changed rate of intake. In the experiment reported here a direct reduction in the permitted rate of food intake resulted in a clear reduction of meal size and an increase in meal frequency in rats. We explore the extent to which this finding is predicted by quantitative models of the regulation of food intake.

Published
1984

12. Behavioural and pharmacological investigations of 5-HT hypophagia and hyperdipsia

Author

A.M.J. Montgomery, M.J. Burton, and P.J. Fletcher

Subjects
Male, Serotonin, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Biochemistry, Drinking, Methysergide, Stimulation, Propranolol, Toxicology, Biochemistry, Eating, Behavioral Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Hypophagia, medicine, Animals, Drug Interactions, Biological Psychiatry, 5-HT receptor, Pharmacology, Chemistry, Cephalic phase, Rats, Endocrinology, medicine.symptom, Food Deprivation, Polydipsia, medicine.drug
Abstract

Treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reliably induced hypophagia in non-deprived rats and in rats tested following a period of food-deprivation, regardless of the presence or absence of water during testing. The hyperdipsic effect of 5-HT, however, was sensitive to changes in the length of food-deprivation, suggesting a possible interaction between 5-HT hyperdipsia and prandial drinking. Both 5-HT hypophagia and hyperdipsia were attenuated by methysergide pretreatment, thus confirming the involvement of peripheral post-synaptic 5-HT receptors in both effects. Pretreatment with propranolol blocked 5-HT hyperdipsia, but did not alter 5-HT hypophagia, thus suggesting that 5-HT hypophagia and hyperdipsia are mediated by different mechanisms at some point subsequent to the stimulation of peripheral 5-HT receptors. These results are consistent with other evidence that 5-HT hyperdipsia is mediated by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. It is tentatively suggested that 5-HT hypophagia could result from 5-HT-induced inhibition of cephalic phase insulin secretion.

Published
1986

13. Rapid loss of stimulus-specific satiety after consumption of a second food

Author

C. Sharp, Peter G. Clifton, and M.J. Burton

Subjects
Male, Food intake, Communication, medicine.medical_specialty, Nutrition and Dietetics, Experimental Replication, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Darkness, Satiation, Stimulus (physiology), Audiology, Diet, Rats, Eating, medicine, Animals, Psychology, business, Dark phase, General Psychology
Abstract

'Meals' consisting of several differently flavoured 'courses' result in greater consumption than meals consisting of identical courses. Experiment 1 confirmed that this effect is found in rats during the dark phase of a LD 12:12 cycle. Two subsequent experiments demonstrated that meals consisting of three or four courses in which only two flavours were alternated produced as great an enhancement of consumption as meals in which each course was differently flavoured. The implications of this result are discussed for the nature of the processes underlying the generation and reversal of this stimulus-specific aspect of satiety.

Published
1987

14. Visual responses of hypothalamic neurones

Author

F. Mora, M.J. Burton, and Edmund T. Rolls

Subjects
General Neuroscience, Neurology (clinical), Biology, Molecular Biology, Developmental Biology
Published
1976

16. The rest principle

Author

M.J. Burton

Subjects
Rest (physics), General Neuroscience, Theology, Psychology
Published
1982

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