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We investigated whether the proximal circumferential porous coating of cementless stems would make implant survival of20 years possible in young patients.Data for patients younger than 50 years with hip dysplasia who had an anatomic stem implanted with a proximal porous coating with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate were reviewed. Noncircumferential porous (non-C-type) stems were used in 17 hips (13 cases), and circumferential porous (C-type) stems were used in 87 hips (68 cases). Acetabular components with conventional polyethylene were used for all hips. The mean ages at surgery for patients with non-C-type stems and those with C-type stems were 43.3 and 44.7 years, respectively. Stems that had not loosened were retained at the time of acetabular revision. The average duration of follow-up for patients with non-C-type stems was 26.9 years and was 22.3 years for those with C-type stems.Mean survival rates as determined by the Kaplan-Meier method were 74.9% at 20 years and 59.9% at 25 years for non-C-type stems and were 100% at 20 years and 94.0% at 25 years for C-type stems. The survivorship for C-type stems was significantly higher than that for non-C-type stems (P.01). Focal osteolysis in the shoulder of 37 hips with C-type stems suppressed the spread of osteolysis to the distal femur.Anatomic femoral stems with a circumferential porous coating provide excellent durability in patients with hip dysplasia who are 50 years of age or younger.Therapeutic Level IV.

Aims To identify more reliable and cost-effective methods to detect gingivitis, such as visual examinations, questionnaires, and salivary occult blood tests (SOBT). Methods Sixty-five elementary school students in Yahiko Village, Niigata, Japan were recruited. Questionnaire was used to assess subjective gingival status. Hemoglobin (Hb) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured by SOBT. Bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP) method at three labial sites per tooth for all anterior teeth was used to examine clinical gingiva condition. Occurrence of at least 1 site with BOMP positive was defined as gingivitis. Visual gingival redness examination was done at the same sites examined by probing. Results Participants with gingivitis had higher numbers of sites with redness than those without [6 (0.25–12) vs 0 (0–2), p p = 0.002). The overall model had a 77.3% probability of predicting a gingivitis event by the number of sites with gingival redness ( p Conclusion(s) This study found that a predictive model using visual gingival redness examination is a viable non-invasive screening test for gingivitis.

Hydrogen (H 2 )-free and poison (lead and quinoline)-free semihydrogenation of alkynes to cis -alkenes under gentle conditions is one of the challenges to be solved. In this study, a titanium(IV) oxide photocatalyst having two functions (visible light responsiveness and semihydrogenation activity) was prepared by modification with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) and a copper (Cu) co-catalyst, respectively. The photocatalyst (DHN/TiO 2 -Cu) showed high performance for diastereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes to cis -alkenes in water-acetonitrile solution under visible light irradiation without the use of H 2 and poisons. Alkynes having reducible functional groups were converted to the corresponding alkenes with the functional groups being preserved. The addition of water to acetonitrile changed the amount of alkynes adsorbed on the photocatalyst, which was a decisive factor determining the rate of hydrogenation. A relatively large apparent activation energy, 27 kJ mol −1 , was obtained by a kinetic study, indicating that the rate-determining step of this reaction was not an electron production process but a thermal catalytic semihydrogenation process over the Cu co-catalyst. Semihydrogenation and hydrogen evolution occurred competitively on Cu metals and the former became predominant at slightly elevated temperatures, which is discussed on the basis of the kinetic parameters of two reactions.

Background ERBB2 amp occurs in approximately 4% of pts with mCRC. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of T and P in pts with ERBB2-amplified mCRC identified by tissue and/or ctDNA analysis. Methods We enrolled pts with central tissue and/or ctDNA (Guardant360) confirmed wild-type RAS and ERBB2-amplified mCRC, refractory or intolerant to standard chemotherapy including EGFR blockade. Pts received T and P every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate (ORR) by investigator assessment, analyzed for two primary populations: tissue-positive and ctDNA-positive. The required sample size for each group was 25 (one-sided α = 2.5%, β = 10%) to test the threshold ORR of 5% against the expected ORR of 30%; 5 confirmed responses were needed to determine statistical significance. Results The first response evaluation was done on Jan 7, 2019. Of 19 pts enrolled at 7 sites, 18 were evaluable for response. ERBB2-amp was confirmed in both tissue and ctDNA for 14 pts, in tissue alone for 3, and in ctDNA alone for 1; therefore, 17 and 15 pts were assigned to the tissue-positive and the ctDNA-positive group, respectively. With median follow-up of 5.4 months, there were 6 confirmed responders in the tissue-positive group (ORR = 35%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14-62%; 1 CR and 5 PR) and 5 in the ctDNA positive group (ORR = 33%, 95% CI 12-62%; 1 CR and 4 PR). Median progression-free survival for both groups was 4.0 months (95% CI = 1.4-5.6 months and 1.3-5.6 months, respectively). Clonal ctDNA mutations in KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, or ERBB2 at baseline were observed only in pts with disease progression as best response. The safety profile of T and P was consistent with prior reports. Severe adverse events were reported in 2 pts: Gr 3 decreased ejection fraction and Gr 3 infusion related reaction. Conclusions The TRIUMPH study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating that combination of T and P has promising activity, with an acceptable toxicity profile, in treatment-refractory mCRC pts with ERBB2 amp in tissue and/or ctDNA. Clonal oncogenic ctDNA driver mutations may predict for primary resistance. Clinical trial identification UMIN000027887. Legal entity responsible for the study SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN. Funding Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. Disclosure Y. Nakamura: Research grant / Funding (institution): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Research grant / Funding (institution): Ono Pharmaceutical. W. Okamoto: Research grant / Funding (self): MSD. T. Kato: Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (self): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self): Takeda; Honoraria (self): Bayer; Honoraria (self): Lilly; Honoraria (self): Yakult Honsha; Honoraria (self): Sanofi. K. Kato: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Ono Pharmaceutical; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): BeiGene; Advisory / Consultancy: MSD; Advisory / Consultancy: Oncolys BioPharma; Research grant / Funding (self): Shionogi; Research grant / Funding (self): MSD Oncology. S. Iwasa: Honoraria (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Lilly Japan; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self): Ono Pharmaceutical; Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo; Research grant / Funding (institution): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Research grant / Funding (institution): Eisai; Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Merck Serono; Research grant / Funding (institution): Otsuka; Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer. T. Esaki: Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Lilly; Honoraria (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan; Honoraria (self): Eisai; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Merck Serono; Honoraria (self): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Ono Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Takeda; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer; Honoraria (self): Sanofi; Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma; Research grant / Funding (institution): Astellas Pharma; Research grant / Funding (institution): Nihonkayaku; Research grant / Funding (institution): Pfizer. Y. Komatsu: Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Lilly; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Chugai Pharma; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Merck Serono; Honoraria (self), Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Novartis; Honoraria (self), Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Pfizer; Honoraria (institution), Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Bayer; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Ono Pharmaceutical; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Yakult Honsha; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Takeda; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony, Research grant / Funding (self): Sanofi; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Daiichi Sankyo; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: TOWA; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Nipro Corporation; Research grant / Funding (self): MSD; Research grant / Funding (self): Yakult Pharmaceutical; Research grant / Funding (self): Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma; Research grant / Funding (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Research grant / Funding (self): Sysmex. T. Masuishi: Honoraria (self): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self): Merck Serono; Honoraria (self): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Yakult Honsha; Honoraria (self): Takeda; Honoraria (self): Lilly; Honoraria (self): Bayer Yakuhin; Honoraria (self): Sanofi. T. Nishina: Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Taiho Pharmaceutical; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Chugai Pharma; Honoraria (self): Lilly; Research grant / Funding (institution): Lilly Japan; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Merck Serono; Honoraria (self): Takeda; Honoraria (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Nihonkayaku; Research grant / Funding (institution): Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma; Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD; Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo; Research grant / Funding (institution): Ono Pharmaceutical. J.I. Odegaard: Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Guardant Health. S. Olsen: Full / Part-time employment: Guardant Health AMEA; Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options: Guardant Health; Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options: AstraZeneca. T. Yoshino: Research grant / Funding (institution): Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.; Research grant / Funding (institution): Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Research grant / Funding (institution): Sanofi. K.K.; Research grant / Funding (institution): Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited; Research grant / Funding (institution): Parexel International Inc.; Research grant / Funding (institution): Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Research grant / Funding (institution): MSD. K. K. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Since reduction and oxidation reactions simultaneously occur over a photocatalyst, a hole scavenger (a hydrogen source in the field of organic chemistry) is required to obtain a reduced product. The use of organic waste as the hole scavenger is environmentally favorable because the organic waste is degraded during the photocatalytic reduction. In this study, methylamine was used as the hole scavenger for photocatalytic reduction (hydrogenation) of nitrobenzenes over a titanium(IV) oxide photocatalyst. Corresponding anilines were obtained almost quantitatively at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure without the use of a precious metal and hydrogen gas. Nitrobenzenes having reducible functional groups such as chloro and acetyl groups were chemoselectively hydrogenated to corresponding anilines with the groups being preserved. Various parameters affecting the efficiency and the rate of the photocatalytic reaction are discussed on the basis of results of the physicochemical analyses.

Deoxygenation of amine oxides to corresponding amines is one of the important reactions in the fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry and medical chemistry. Since this reaction generally requires undesired hydrogen sources (reductants) and harsh conditions such as high temperatures and high pressure, a simpler and safe catalytic reaction system working under milder conditions is highly desired. A very simple method for deoxygenation of amine oxides to corresponding amines, i.e., photocatalytic reaction in an alcohol suspension of titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) without any other elements, is desired in this paper. Photocatalytic deoxygenation of amine oxides occurred at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure with an alcohol acting as a hydrogen donor. We report variations of this reaction system including variation in substrates (amine oxides) and alcohols and the effects of reaction conditions (amine oxide concentration, reaction temperature and light sources) on deoxygenation. The characteristic of this reaction system, i.e., a thermal acceleration effect, is discussed in detail on the basis of results of physicochemical analysis. Finally, we show that this reaction proceeds under solar light even under a static condition (without stirring of the suspension).

Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an immunodominant epitope in some pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and it is well-known that PC-specific antibodies (Abs) play a key role in the induction of protective immunity against pneumococcal infection. In this study, we examined whether nasal administration of DNA plasmid encoding Flt3 ligand gene (pFL) as a mucosal adjuvant plus PC-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (PC-KLH), would elicit PC-specific immune responses, and characterized mucosal immune responses to PC induced by this nasal vaccination. Nasal immunization with pFL plus PC-KLH enhanced induction of PC-specific IgA and IgM Abs in airway secretions when compared with mice given PC-KLH with or without empty plasmid gene (pORF) as controls; in addition to the mucosal immune responses, PC-specific immune responses in serum were also induced. Furthermore, the mucosal and serum IgA and IgM Abs in mice given pFL plus PC-KLH nasally, exhibited high-specificity for the PC molecule. Of interest, the PC-specific Abs bound dose-dependently to anti-T15 idiotype (AB1-2). Thus, the inhibition of S. pneumoniae colonization on the nasal cavity and lungs after nasal challenge with the live organism was significantly elicited in mice immunized with pFL plus PC-KLH compared to that of mice immunized with antigen with pORF. Taken together, these findings show that nasal administration of pFL with PC-KLH elicited T15-like anti-PC IgA and IgM Abs in the respiratory tracts, and further attenuated S. pneumoniae colonization on the respiratory tracts. Nasal administration of Flt3 ligand cDNA with PC may contribute to the development of nasal vaccination for prevention of S. pneumoniae infection.

To investigate the relationship between salivary stress markers and mental stress states in patients complaining of oral malodour. The utility of the salivary stress markers in assessment of mental conditions of those patients was also investigated.The study population included 74 patients, aged 20-59 years, who complained of oral malodour and were referred to the Breath Odor Clinic at Tokushima University Hospital. Patients were classified into two groups, genuine halitosis (GH) and psychosomatic halitosis (PH), according to the results of organoleptic rating measurement. All patients were subjected to examination by the Cornell Medical Index (CMI) Health Questionnaire. Resting saliva was collected and levels of salivary IgA, cortisol and chromogranin A were determined by ELISA. Twenty-three volunteers not complaining of halitosis were included as the control group. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney's U-test were used for statistical analysis.A significant increase was observed in the concentrations of salivary cortisol in the PH group as compared with GH and control groups (p0.05). Concentrations of IgA and chromogranin A in saliva were not significantly different among the three groups. In addition, higher salivary cortisol concentrations were found in CMI scale III and IV (tendency towards neurosis) than in scale I and II (normal) (p0.05). Since salivary cortisol reflects a status of chronic stress condition, psychosomatic halitosis might be closely related to this state of chronic stress.Determination of cortisol levels in saliva may provide useful information for evaluating the mental status of patients complaining of halitosis.