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Research on the relationship between prenatal testosterone and criminal behavior has produced mixed results. The 2D:4D digit ratio is typically employed as the measure of prenatal testosterone, but its proxy nature might play a role in the inconsistent findings. This study examines the usefulness of a multi-item approach to the measurement of organizational androgens. Principal components factor analysis of data from a convenient sample of adults reveals that two factors emerge from five androgen-promoted trait items. These two factors, however, do not predict self-reported criminal behavior better than the single right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio item. It is concluded that a multi-item measurement strategy is unlikely to be a more predictive measure of organizational androgens than digit ratio.

Summary Although many studies have shown that there are trade-offs between longevity and reproduction, whether such trade-offs exist in humans has been a matter of debate [1,2]. In many species, including humans, males live shorter than females, which could be due to the action of male sex hormones. Castration, which removes the source of male sex hormones, prolongs male lifespan in many animals, but this issue has been debated in humans [3]. To examine the effects of castration on longevity, we analyzed the lifespan of historical Korean eunuchs. Korean eunuchs preserved their lineage by adopting castrated boys. We studied the genealogy records of Korean eunuchs and determined the lifespan of 81 eunuchs. The average lifespan of eunuchs was 70.0 ± 1.76 years, which was 14.4–19.1 years longer than the lifespan of non-castrated men of similar socio-economic status. Our study supports the idea that male sex hormones decrease the lifespan of men.

There is currently great interest in understanding the role of androgens in both men and women. It is well established that testosterone levels decline with age in men but whether this is a physiologic or pathologic process remains to be determined. Many older men who have low testosterone levels also have symptoms suggestive of hypogonadism. The role of androgens on androgen-dependent target organs is well documented, particularly for younger patients who have androgen deficiency. It is speculated that women who have testosterone deficiency could benefit from testosterone therapy.

INTRODUCTION OBSERVATIONS of poultry breeders as well as research workers indicate that old males kept under natural conditions usually exhibit a low degree of fertility in early spring. Fertility in young males during the early spring season is usually much superior to that of old males. This condition has brought about the extensive use of young untested males for breeding rather than more valuable old males particularly in early spring. If special treatment and management should produce early spermatogenesis in old males, such methods would be extremely valuable to poultry breeders. Sex hormones have been tested extensively for their effects on the gonads of laboratory animals and upon secondary sex characters. In the fowl effects on the gonads and upon such secondary sex characters as comb development have been studied in relatively young chicks. Available information on how hormones affect the production of functional spermatozoa is very limited. Asmundson and . . .

The synthesis of cis - and trans -6-(4′- oxo cyclo hexenyl )-9-methyldecal-1-ol, which may be regarded as analogues of D-homo-testosterone, is described.

Male chickens grow faster and are more efficient in their feed conversion than females. Due to their faster growth the male birds reach broiler weights about 7 to 10 days sooner than the females. These two factors are important to broiler growers since feed represents approximately 70% of their production costs. Implantation or injection of male sex hormones in the female sex of various farm animals has given varied results. Dinusson et al. (1950) found that the treatment of heifers with testosterone propionate appeared to stimulate growth but the effect was of short duraton. Woehling et al. (1951) found no significant deviation from the control in rate of gain or in feed efficiency of pigs. Bogart et al. (1951) reported both increased gains and feed efficiency for treated heifer calves (injected with an aqueous suspension of pure testosterone) over the control animals. Almquist (1952) implanted 50 mg. testosterone propionate pellets …