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Owing to the dramatically enhanced charge-mass transport and abundant electrochemically active sites, transition metal compound electrodes are increasingly attractive for achieving high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). Here, we report the fabrication of nickel foam supported three-dimensional (3D) branched nickel–cobalt phosphides@tri-metal cobalt–nickel-molybdenum phosphides core/shell nanowire heterostructures (denoted as NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P) as high-performance electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors. The presence of multiple valences of the cations in such NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P enables rich redox reactions and promoted synergy effects. Benefiting from their collective effects, the resulting electrode demonstrates high specific capacity of 1366 C g−1 at 2 A g−1 (2.03 C cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2) and 922 C g−1 at 10 A g−1, as well as good cycling stability (retaining ~ 94% of the initial capacity after 6000 cycles at 15 A g−1). A hybrid SC using the NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P as the positive electrode and N-doped rGOs as the negative electrode exhibits a high energy density of 81.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1213 W kg−1 and a capacity retention of 132% even after 6000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Our findings can facilitate the material design for boosting the performance of transition metal compounds based materials for fast energy storage.

We report an atomic structure and property tailoring method that enables precise control of the diameter of individual double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), as well as the corresponding tuning of their tensile strength and electrical resistance. As demonstrated in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), this facile method involves the electron irradiation of DWNTs, followed by a thermal annealing process. The former process is responsible for the random atom loss and tube size reduction, whereas the latter allows for a complete structural recovery of defective nanotubes. The regarded DWNTs thus experience repeated disorder-order structural transitions, leading to the stepwise shrinkage in tube size, until the desired diameter is reached. Accordingly, these disorder-order transitions allow individual DWNTs to be controllably weakened and then strengthened, accompanied with the reversible changes in their breaking modes, as revealed by direct in-situ tensile tests. Differently, the resistance tuning of DWNTs upon irradiation/annealing does not follow the same trend, but depends significantly on the initial tube electrical characteristics and subsequent chirality transitions. These experimental results, combined with first-principles calculations, suggest that the change of tube chirality involved in the disorder-order transitions profoundly influences DWNT transport properties, but has a little impact on their mechanical strength.

Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries (LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume change and low electronic conductivity greatly hinder their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, the successful design of yolk@shell Fe2O3@C hybrid composed of a columnar-like Fe2O3 core within a hollow cavity completely surrounded by a thin, self-supported carbon (C) shell is presented as an anode for high-performance LIBs. This yolk@shell structure allows each Fe2O3 core to swell upon lithiation without deforming the carbon shell. This preserves the structural and electrical integrity against pulverization, as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the resulting electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity (1013 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles at 0.2 A g−1), outstanding rate capability (710 mAh g−1 at 8 A g−1) and superior cycling stability (800 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 4 A g−1). A Li-ion full cell using prelithiated yolk@shell Fe2O3@C hybrid as the anode and commercial LiCoO2 (LCO) as the cathode demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate, holding great promise for future practical applications.

d 10 iodoargentates(I)/iodocuprates(I) are a family of organic-inorganic hybrids with diverse structural topologies and fascinating photoelectric properties. Growing interest in this field has focused on realizing controllable dimensional extension of the inorganic moieties and assembling functional materials based on the electron-rich features of iodoargentates(I)/iodocuprates(I). This feature article reviews the recent progress of d 10 iodoargentate(I)/iodocuprate(I) hybrids from structural construction and directed synthesis rules to their photochromic and thermochromic properties.

Materials that may show photochromism under X-rays have higher spatial resolution for visual low-energy X-rays detection over the commercial instruments and greater X-ray sensitivity than silver salt-based radiographic films. In this work, we discovered that the known MOF, [Zn(OOCH)2(Bpy)]n (Bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine), showed rare photochromic behaviour upon irradiation of hard and soft X-rays at room temperature.

Design and fabrication of supercapacitors (SCs) with high energy density, fast discharge rate, and long cycle life is of great importance; however, the performances of SCs depend critically on advances in materials development. Here we report the development of a high-performance electrode material composed of hierarchical, porous interlaced ultrathin Zn and Ni co-substituted Co carbonate hydroxides (ZnNiCo-CHs) nanosheets branched on N-doped carbon nanotube arrays (C@ZnNiCo-CHs), which were grown directly on a nickel foam current collector. The mesoporous features and large open spaces of the interlaced ultrathin ZnNiCo-CHs nanosheets provide more active sites for redox reactions and facilitate fast mass transport; the self-standing N-doped carbon nanotube arrays offer large surface area, promote fast electron transport, and enhance structure stability, resulting in outstanding rate capability and long-term stability. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the ZnNiCo-CHs nanosheets have low deprotonation energy, greatly facilitating the rate of redox reactions. Further, an asymmetric SC constructed from a C@ZnNiCo-CHs positive electrode and an N-, S-codoped rGOs negative electrode demonstrates a high energy density of 70.9 W h kg−1 at a power density of 966 W kg−1 while maintaining a capacity retention of 91% even after 20,000 cycles at 20 A g−1. The findings provide some important insight into rational design of transition metal compounds based materials for fast energy storage, which may be applicable to creating efficient and robust electrode materials for other energy-related devices.

Alcoholic abuse is one of the most serious causes of liver diseases worldwide. Although detailed molecular pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver damages remains elusive with intensive debates, it has been widely recognized that hepatic damage caused by free radicals generated from alcohol metabolism is one of the most critical factors for alcohol-induced liver diseases. Betulinic acid is a potent antioxidant with additional known pharmacological safety characteristics and minimal toxicity. However, poor solubility limited its usage. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of BAN, a betulinic acid and nucleoside hybrid with good water solubility, in reversing acute liver damages using an established alcohol overdose animal model. The results indicated that BAN is an extremely promising therapeutic agent against acute alcohol-induced liver damage. BAN effectively protects liver from alcohol damage by reducing serum ALT level by up to 47%, as well as liver oxidative stress indicated by significantly increased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels. Moreover, hepatic FXR activation and a corresponding downstream anti-oxidative stress transcriptional cascade including Nrf2, HO-1, and NOQ1 induce the protective role of BAN. On the other hand, BAN administration also leads to increase cellular autophagy response, as indicated by the key ATG protein activation. We concluded that BAN, comparing with Betulinic acid, prevents acute alcohol-induced liver damages more effectively, with the dual mechanisms of neutralizing oxidative stress and promoting autophagy.

Irradiation with energetic particles has been recently demonstrated as an effective means to tailor the structures of a variety of materials with high precision, which, however, usually leading to irreversible degradation of the related properties due to defect introduction. Herein, we present a highly controllable defect handling approach, i.e. defect creation followed by their elimination in carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Technically, this can be accomplished by the alternate use of room-temperature electron irradiation and a separated heat treatment, as demonstrated here via in-situ transmission electron microscopy. The regarded CNTs thus undergo the order/disorder structural transition, which can be repeated up to at least 10 cycles with the CNT structural integrity largely retained. A temperature-dependent annealing experiment shows that the CNT recrystallization can be initiated at a surprisingly low temperature of ∼300 °C, and the irradiated CNTs can primarily regain their structural perfectness over 1000 °C. This technique allows for the reversible and repeatable tuning of a number of important CNT electrical properties, such as electron transport, as well as electron field emission that has never been achieved before. Furthermore, this defect handling technique has the potential as a general route for reversible tuning of other defect-dependent properties of sp2 carbon nanosystems.

Sodium metal holds promise as the ultimate anode for high-energy-density Na battery systems. Recent progress has been made in terms of rational design of nanostructured 3D current collectors for dendrite-free Na deposition with limited dimensional changes during cycling. However, critical information such as Na nucleation and growth behavior on these hosts remains elusive. Herein, by using amorphous carbon nanofibers (CNF) as a current collector, we present the first nanoscale-resolution observation of electrochemical Na plating/stripping dynamics via in situ electron microscopies. With the use of solid electrolyte, Na metal was found to grow and dissolve reversibly as nano/micro-particles at all the possible locations around indiviual CNFs and even throughout their network. Notably, inter-fiber Na ion transport was experimentally confirmed, which enables more homogeneous Na deposition deep into the network interior without interfacing the electrolyte; this would be crucial for dendrite-free Na plating, especially in all-solid-state Na batteries. In addition, through a delicately designed in-situ experiment, the CNF interior exhibited a superior Na capacity compared to its graphitized counterpart. Thus, owning to both exterior and interior Na storage of each fiber, CNFs could be a promising host material for building rechargeable composite Na metal anodes with ultrahigh capacity.

Two new crystalline inorganic-organic hybrid compounds, namely, {[Zn(PCV)0.5(BDC)0.5]·3H2O}n (1) and {[Cd(PCV)0.5(BDC)0.5(H2O)]·3H2O}n (2) have been solvothermally synthesized from the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC2−) ligand and the viologen analog 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium (PCV). In these two compounds, PCV ligands coordinate with metal atoms to form 1D zigzag chains, and the chains are further bridged by the BDC2− ligands to yield a wave-like layer with a (4, 4) net topology. For 1, three layers interpenetrate with each other to construct a triple-layer structure, which are stacked along the b direction through van der Waals's force to yield the final 3D structure where the channels along the a direction host the lattice water molecules. In comparison, two layers interpenetrate with each other to construct a double-layer structure, which further interpenetrate to form the final 3D structures where the lattice water molecules locate in channels along a direction. Both compounds showed photochromism accompanied with dramatic decrease of photoluminescence upon irradiation. The powdered sample of 1 can deposit easily on paper by diffusing into ethanol solution, which displays the potential application as an inkless and erasable print medium.

Metallic lithium promises the ultimate anode material for building next-generation Li batteries, though some fundamental hurdles remain unsolved. Li growth induced by hetero particles/atoms has recently emerged as a highly efficient route enabling spatial-control and dendrite-free Li deposition on anode hosts. However, the detailed mechanism of Li nucleation and its interaction with heterogeneous seeds are largely unknown. Herein, we investigate this issue by visualizing Au-seeded Li nucleation processes that guide Li deposition inside the one-dimensional hollow space of individual amorphous carbon nanotubes by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. A reversible two-step conversion process during Au–Li alloying/dealloying reactions is revealed, suggesting that the formation of Li3Au plays the actual role in inducing Li nucleation. We propose a front-growth scenario to explain the spatially confined Li growth and stripping kinetic behaviors, which involves the mass addition and removal at the deposition front through ion diffusion along the tubular carbon shell. As a comparison, nanotubes without gold seeds inside exhibit uncontrolled dendrite-like Li growth outside the carbon shell. We further demonstrate that Au-seed growth can be successful in encapsulating sodium metal for the first time. These findings provide mechanistic insights into heterogeneous seeded Li/Na nucleation and space-confined deposition for design of high-performance battery anodes.

We report a new non-interpenetrated 2D zinc coordination polymer, [Zn(AA)(BPHY)]n (1) (H2AA = adipic acid, BPHY = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)hydrazine), which is a mixed ligand complex. The solid-state sample of 1 exhibits tunable blue emission excited by UV light with the wavelengths from 320 nm to 380 nm. The luminescent mechanism of 1 has been studied by theoretical calculation.

We present a comprehensive description of petrologic, chemical and spectroscopic features of thermally metamorphosed CI-like and CM (and CM-like) chondrites. Only two such CI chondrites have so far been discovered i.e. Y-86029 and Y-82162. Thermal metamorphism in these chondrites is apparent in their low contents of H2O, C and the most thermally labile trace elements, partial dehydration of matrix phyllosilicates and abundance of thermally decomposed Ca–Mg–Fe–Mn carbonates, which apparently resulted from heating of Mg–Fe carbonate precursors. The CM chondrites exhibit a wide range of aqueous and thermal alteration characteristics. This alteration was almost complete in Y-86720 and Y-86789, which also escaped alternating episodes of oxidation and sulfidization experienced by the others. Thermal metamorphism in the CM chondrites is apparent in loss of thermally labile trace elements and also in partial to almost complete dehydration of matrix phyllosilicates: heating was less uniform in them than in CI chondrites. This dehydration is also evident in strength and shapes of integrated intensities of the 3 μm bands except in PCA 91008, which experienced extensive terrestrial weathering. Tochilinite is absent in all but Y-793321 probably due to heating. Textural evidence for thermal metamorphism is conspicuous in blurring or integration/fusion of chondrules with matrix in the more extensively heated (⩾600 °C) CM chondrites like PCA 91008 and B-7904. TEM and XRD analyses reveal that phyllosilicate transformation to anhydrous phases proceeds via poorly crystalline, highly desiccated and disordered ‘intermediate’ phases in the least and moderately heated (400–600 °C) carbonaceous chondrites like WIS 91600, PCA 91008 and Y-86029. These findings are significant in that they confirm that these phases occur in meteorites as well as terrestrial samples. Thermal alteration in these meteorites can be used to identify other carbonaceous chondrites that were thermally metamorphosed in their parent bodies. Combining RNAA trace element data for experimentally heated Murchison CM2 samples with petrographic and spectroscopic data, these thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites can be ordered by severity of open system heating as 400 °C ⩽ Y-793321

A novel open-framework cadmium selenite bromide, [Cd 10 (SeO 3 ) 8 Br 4 ]·HBr·H 2 O ( 1) , has been obtained by a solid-state reaction at 450 °C, and the structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in Pbcm of the orthorhombic system: a =10.882(3), b =16.275(5), c =18.728(6) A, V =3317(2) A 3 , R 1/ wR 2=0.0411/0.0659. Compound 1 is characteristic of a novel 3-D open-framework structure, composing ∞ 2 [CdSeO 3 ] layers and the pillars of edge-shared CdO 3 Br 2 square pyramids. The lattice water molecules and the HBr molecules locate in the voids of the framework. Optical absorption spectrum of 1 reveals the presence of an optical gap of 1.65 eV. Solid-state photoluminescent study indicates that compound 1 exhibits strong violet emission. TG–DSC measurement shows that compound 1 is thermally stable up to 200 °C.

Inorganic–organic hybrids with mixed halo atoms or organically coordinated halometal-complex cations are rare. A series` of haloplumbate hybrids with these structural features, [Cu(phen)2Cl]n(PbCl3)n (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) (1), [Cu(phen)2Cl]n[PbClI(Cl0.5I0.5)]n (2), and [Cu(phen)2I]n(PbI3)n (3), have been solvothermally synthesized using phen coordinated halocopper(II) complexes as templates and balance cations. Their haloplumbate ions all show 1-D chain structures. Compounds 1–3 feature the hybridization of inorganic–organic hybrids: 1) their absorption edges fall in the range of those of semiconductors, which is typical for bulk lead(II) halides, but show a red shift compared with those of the latter; 2) bulk lead(II) halides are nonluminous upon UV irradiation, but introduction of the phen coordinated halocopper(II) complexes as templates enable the hybrids to emit blue light. Their luminescent intensities gradually decrease with the increase of I content, which indicates the potential to design and syntheses of new luminescent halide materials by means of variation of halo atoms and that iodoplumbates are not good candidates for luminescent materials.

A novel tetranuclear cadmium complex {Cd2[(CH3)2PPDA]2(CH3OH)Cl4}2 (1) [(CH3)2PPDA = dimethyl esterification of H2PPDA], was prepared from CdCl2·2.5H2O with (2,3-f)-pyrazino(1,10)phenanthroline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (H2PPDA) by solvothermal reaction in methanol, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, optical diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence. In 1, cadmium ions are bridged by Cl− ions into a tetranuclear oligomeric chain further connected into a 3D supramolecular network by intermolecular C H⋯Cl, O H⋯Cl, and C H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Compound 1 displays fluorescence with a lifetime value of ~ 5.88 ns in the visible region under visible-light excitation, and the origin of the luminescent emission is primary assigned to the combination of intraligand π–π* transition of (CH3)2PPDA ligand and ligand to ligand charge transfer from Cl− to (CH3)2PPDA which is probed by the density of state (DOS) calculations.

Two inorganic–organic hybrids, (MPDA)2n(Pb3I10)n (MPDA = p-Me3NC6H4NMe3) (1) and (H2EPDA)n(Pb2I6)n·2nH2O (H2EPDA = p-Et2NHC6H4NHEt2) (2), have been solvothermally synthesized using p-phenylenediamine (PDA) as a precursor. Their iodoplumbate ions all show 1-D chain structures, but differ in interlinkage modes of [PbI6] octahedra: the former is both face- and edge-sharing, while the latter is face-sharing. The chain-like structure in 1 was reported only once in the literature. The results of optical absorption spectra and theoretical calculations for compounds PbI2 and 1–2 reveal a quantum confinement effect. Photoluminescent analyses show that they all exhibit blue emissions upon UV irradiation, which mainly originate from charge transfer from iodine atoms to ammoniums.

Carbon nanoscrolls, made of rolled up graphene, are expected to show unique electronic properties different from those of nested multi-wall tubes. Here we report in situ TEM observations and electrical measurements of the transport and breakdown behaviour of catalytically grown, multi-turn monochiral graphene scrolls, 30–65 nm in outer diameter. Generally, the low-bias IV region proved strictly linear Ohmic behaviour, non-linear increase in conductance occurred beyond an applied voltage of ∼0.4 V. Excellent maximum conductance values up to G ∼ 63 G0 and sustainable current-carrying capacities up to J = 8.5 × 108 A/cm2 were found in the most successful samples right before electric breakdown. Inferior values are ascribed to defect-rich or semiconducting scrolls. This study emphasizes the promising nature of carbon nanoscrolls for a number of electronic device applications.

Five new thiogermanates, [Ni II (dien) 2 ] 2 (Ge 2 S 6 ) (dien = diethylenetriamine) ( 1 ), [Ni II (dien) 2 ](H 2 pipe)(Ge 2 S 6 ) (pipe = piperazine) ( 2 ), {[Mn II (tren)] 2 ( μ 2 -Ge 2 S 6 )} (tren = N,N,N-tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) ( 3 ) and {[M II (tepa)] 2 ( μ 2 -Ge 2 S 6 )} (M = Mn ( 4a ), Ni ( 4b ); tepa = tetraethylenepentamine), have been obtained solvothermally in the presence of tri-(L 3 ), tetra-(L 4 ) and penta-dentate (L 5 ) chelating amines and transition metal (TM) ions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that compounds 1 – 2 are comprised of discrete (Ge 2 S 6 ) 4− anions and TM complex (TMC) cations, while compounds 3 – 4b are composed of each dimeric (Ge 2 S 6 ) 4− anion bridging two TMC cations via TM–S bonds to form a neutral molecule. Notably, two interesting in situ metal/ligand reactions were observed in the solvothermal syntheses of 2 and 3 . The present compounds exhibit wide optical gap ranging from 2.94 to 3.39 eV and photoluminescence with the emission maxima occurring around 440 ( 1 , 2 , 3 and 4b ) and 489 nm ( 4a ). Magnetic measurements show the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions between magnetic centers in the five compounds.

A new approach has been used to synthesize MQ+ ligand (MQ+ = N-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium) by the reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine and chloroacetic acid, and the structure of (MQ)Cl·H2O ( 1 ) was first determined. Three new complexes containing MQ+, (MQ)CdI3 ( 2 ), (MQ)ZnI3 ( 3 ), and [(MQ)ZnCl1.53I1.47]2(MQ)ZnCl1.68I1.32 ( 4 ), were successfully obtained via a solution or hydrothermal method by reaction of MI2 (M = Cd, Zn) with 1 , and each of which exhibits an isolated structure, with each metal atom coordinated by one MQ+ ligand and three terminal halogen atoms. Compounds 1 2 3 – 4 all display photoluminescence in the visible region under visible-light excitation, and the origins of the emissions have been assigned to ILCT for 1 and the combination of ILCT and LLCT for 2 3 – 4 .

Compared to previously reported methods, a less hazardous approach has been used to synthesize N-methylpyrazinium cation (mpz+) by the reaction of pyrazine and ClCH2COONa. Although a few mpz+-containing complexes have been documented, there is no example of mpz+-containing group IIB metal complexes. Three novel complexes containing mpz+, (mpz)ZnI3 (1), [(mpz)CdCl3]n (2), and [(mpz)CdBr3]n (3), have been successfully obtained via a solution or hydrothermal method by reactions of ZnI2, CdCl2·2.5H2O, and CdBr2·4H2O with the mpz+ ligand, respectively. Complex 1 features an isolated structure, with each zinc atom coordinated by one mpz+ ligand and three terminal iodine atoms. The CD spectra of 1 reveal that it exhibits spontaneous resolution. Complexes 2 and 3 are isotypic, and exhibit chain structures made by linear arrays of Cd(II) bridged by halogen atoms. Photoluminescent analyses reveal that complexes 1–3 exhibit strong blue emissions originating from intra-ligand π–π∗ transition of the mpz+ ligand.

Hydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2, Na(3-cba) and NaN3 yielded a 3D heterometallic coordination polymer, [Cd(μ5-3-tzba)(μ2-3-cba)(μ3-OH)Co(H2O)]n·2nH2O 1 (3-H2tzba = 3-(5H-tetrazol)benzoic acid and 3-Hcba = 3-cyanobenzoic acid), which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The in situ [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of nitrile and azide in presence of Cd(II) salt afforded tetrazolate-based 3-tzba2− ligand. In 1, metal-oxo chains [Cd(μ3-OH)Co]n are linked by 3-tzba2− in an unprecedented μ5-κN1:κN2:κN3:κN4:κO1,O2 coordination mode to form 2D layers, which are further pillared by 3-cba− to generate a 3D open framework encapsulating 1D chiral channels. Variable-temperature magnetic studies show that 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic interactions between Co(II) ions bridged by μ3-OH group.

Oxygen isotope and trace element data for 13 samples of the Kaidun chondritic breccia reaffirm the complex polymict nature of this unique meteorite. Bulk Kaidun samples most closely resemble CR chondrites, but the matrix is CI-like. Two separated clasts are CR-like but have some properties that resemble CM, two clasts are enstatite chondrites (one EL and one EH), one clast is an aubrite-like metal-rich impact melt, and one clast is a unique layered olivine-bearing pyroxenite with the isotopic composition of an aubrite. Yet, although each clast resembles a known meteorite group, all deviate in some respect from the norms for those groups. Collectively, Kaidun has sampled materials not yet represented in the world meteorite collections and which greatly extend the definitions of known meteorite groups. Phyllosilicates in Kaidun span a very wide range in composition and vary from clast to clast, suggesting that the aqueous alteration experienced by the clasts predated assembly of the Kaidun parent body.

The electrical and mechanical properties of the same hybrid carbon nanotube before and after removal of the core Ga-doped ZnS semiconductor filling have been analysed inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM) using a conductive atomic force microscope – TEM system. It is found that the encapsulated material can substantially change the mechanical response of the turbostratic carbon tube container. Furthermore, because the extent of filling is operator-controlled, this provides a simple way to change on-demand the stiffness of hybrid carbon nanotubes.

A new synthetic approach with the advantage of low cost and facile operation, which is characterized by using Hg(CN)2 as starting material, has been successfully established for the preparation of Hg1−XCdxTe (MCT) materials with different x values, especially the Hg rich MCT. Three new compounds, namely Hg0.90Cd0.10Te (1), Hg0.32Cd0.68Te (2) and Hg0.29Cd0.71Te (3), have been synthesized, respectively. These compounds possess sphalerite structures with the space group F-43m. Their optical properties were investigated in terms of the diffuse reflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Electronic band structures along with density of states (DOS) calculated by DFT method indicate that the present compounds belong to direct semiconductors and their optical absorptions are mainly originated from the charge transitions from Te-5p to Cd-5s and Hg-6s states.

We report RNAA results for Co, Au, Sb, Ga, Rb, Cs, Se, Ag, Te, Zn, In, Bi, Tl and Cd (in increasing order of metamorphic mobility) in 22 Antarctic unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOC). This brings to 38 the number of UOC for which data for highly volatile elements are known. For elements of lesser mobility (Co to Se, omitting Cs) overall variability in UOC are low, relative standard deviations (one sigma) being no more than a factor of two. For Ag, Te and Zn, relative standard deviations are 2–4×, while for Cs and the four most volatile elements, the variabilities are 8–110×. Elemental abundances do not vary with chemical type (H, L and LL) nor with UOC subtype (3.0–3.9). Contents of all elements reach levels up to, even exceeding, cosmic and all but Cd and the two alkalis, seem unaffected by post-accretionary processes. Contents of highly volatile elements are consistent with the idea that source regions producing contemporary falls and older Antarctic UOC differed in thermal histories. The presence or absence of carbide magnetite assemblages (CMA) generally accords with high or low Cd contents, respectively. This relationship accords with the prior suggestion that CMA formed by alteration of Fe–Ni metal by C–O–H-containing fluids at temperatures

Assembly of isonicotinic acid ligand (HL) with metal halide, five new hybrid complexes [CdI2(C5H4NCOOH)(C5H4NHCOO)] · H2O (1), Nan[ZnCl2(C5H4NCOO)]n · 2nH2O (2), [CdX(C5H4NCOO)]n (X = Br (3), I (4)) and [Cd3Cl2(OH)2(C5H4NCOO)2]n (5) were obtained, which display a variety of structural motifs, ranging from zero-dimensional to complicated three-dimensional networks. Complex 1 possesses an isolated unit MX2 that is further connected into 3D networks through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. Complex 2 is characterized by an infinite one-dimensional chain of zinc atoms bridged by L− ligands. While complexes 3 and 4 possess X-bridging ∞ 1 [ CdX 2 / 2 ] inorganic chains connected by L− ligands to form a 2D hybrid network structure. In the case of 5, the cadmium(II) cation is bridged by μ3-Cl atom and μ3-OH− group to form a 2-D ∞ 2 [ Cd 6 / 2 Cl 6 / 3 ( μ 3 - OH ) 2 ] inorganic layer which is further extended into 3-D framework by bridging L− ligand via Cd–N and Cd–O bonds. The optical properties of 1, 4, and 5 in the solid state are investigated at room temperature and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculation using the B3LYP functional has been performed on 1. The result indicated that the emission band of 1 is attributed to an admixture of MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge–transfer) and LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer).

A novel 3-D inorganic open-framework containing unusual heptanuclear quasi-supertetrahedra, Cd 7 I 12 S · 3H 2 O ( 1 ), was obtained by hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized. Optical absorption spectrum reveals that the presence of an optical gap of 2.26 eV, indicating that compound 1 is a semiconductor.

The first basket weave framework topology of Sm–Ni heterometallic complex with picolinic acid as bridging ligand showing two different coordination modes of picolinic acid has been characterized; The studies on temperature-dependent magnetization indicate the title complex follows the Curie–Wiess paramagnetic behavior down to 5 K.

Three new metal complexes, Cu(4-Hcba)2(4-cba)2(Py)2 (4-Hcba=4-cyanobenzoic acid) 1 and M[H(4-cba)2]2(Py)2 (M=Ni 2, Co 3), have been prepared by the treatment of 4-Hcba with the respective metal nitrate M(NO3)2 (M=Cu, Ni, Co) in the presence of pyridine (Py). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses (3 is isostructural to 2) show that the obtained complexes are of isolated mononuclear and the metal atoms have distorted octahedral coordination environment. Two different types of intramolecular hydrogen bonds exist: asymmetrical O–H⋯O for 1 and symmetrical O⋯H⋯O for 2 and 3. The crystal packing between the molecular complexes is controlled mainly by T-shaped C–H⋯π interactions between pyridine and phenyl rings. Preliminary discussions on IR, UV–VIS and fluorescent spectra have also been carried out.

Reaction of the 2-D MOF [AgL]n·nH2O (1; L = 4-cyanobenzoate) with pyrazine (L′) in water yielded [Ag2L2L′]n·2nH2O (2) with a chain-like structure. Compound 1 features tunable yellow-to-white photoluminescence when its wavelength of excitation light varies. The photoluminescence of 2 obviously differs from that of 1: the former displays intense yellowish green phosphorescence with a shorter lifetime of ~ 3.58 μs and an unresolved peak shape, and does not exhibit tunable photoluminescence upon irradiation of 280–380 nm UV light. Electron transition from the [Ag2(COO)2] cluster to pyrazine is probably responsible for the phosphorescence of 2 based on the experimental and theoretical results.

Two new coordination polymers [Zn(bdc)(4,4′-bipy)(H2O)] · 1.5H2O (1) and [Zn2(bdc)2(4,4′-bipy)(EtOH)(H2O)2] · EtOH · 0.5H2O (2) (H2bdc: 1,3-benzenedicarboxylates, 4,4′-bipy: 4,4′-bipyridine) are obtained from the diffusion method. In 1, bdc2− ligand adopts μ2-η1,η1 coordination mode, while in 2, one of the two crystallographically independent bdc2− ligands is μ2-η1,η2 fashion, and the other one is similar to that in 1. The structure of 1 exhibits a 2-D square net and 2 features a 2-D interpenetrating herringbone-like structure. Both 1 and 2 show blue fluorescence owing to the photoluminescence from the bdc2− ligand emission.

To study compositional trends associated with open and closed system metamorphism and/or shock-induced heating of the L4-6 chondrite parent(s), we used ICPMS and RNAA to quantify 51 trace elements in 48 chemically representative fall samples. With these data, we used graphic and two multivariate statistical methods for examining evidence for compositional differences with respect to petrographic type and degree of shock loading. Comparisons of mildly shocked (S1-S3) L5 and L6 suites (9 and 8 chondrites, respectively) yield no convincing statistical evidence for a difference in trace element content. Our multivariate comparisons show a difference on a model-dependent basis, but yield indeterminate results on a model-independent basis. Compositionally, suites of strongly shocked (S4-S6) and mildly shocked L4-6 chondrites (26 and 19 samples, respectively) can be distinguished at statistically significant levels on both model-dependent and -independent bases. In the strongly shocked suite, contents of refractory lithophiles are higher, and siderophiles and volatiles are lower than those of the mildly shocked suite at moderately (p ≤ 0.05) to highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) levels. Our studies suggest that chemical differences from vaporization and loss of volatiles along with metal/silicate partitioning are present from extended cooling of shock-heated bodies produced by intermittent impacts, especially the massive impact(s) that disrupted the L chondrite parent(s) ∼500 Ma ago.

To study compositional trends associated with open-system thermal metamorphism and shock-induced collisional breakup of L4-6 chondrite parent(s), we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and radiochemical neutron activation analysis to determine 49 trace elements in 62 falls. Trends for the 49 elements, especially of the 14 rare earth elements in 5 members of a putative L/LL group (Bjurbole, Cynthiana, Holbrook, Knyahinya, Sultanpur) and 9 additional L chondrites (Air, Aumieres, Bachmut, Forksville, Kandahar, Kiel, Milean, Narellan, Santa Isabel) differed markedly from those in the remaining normal 46 samples. Here, we report the data for the 14 L and putative L/LL chondrites and 7 LL (Appley Bridge, Athens, Bandong, Ensisheim, Mangwendi, Olivenza, Soko-Banja), analyzed to test the affinity of the putative L/LL suite to well-characterized LL chondrites. Compositional trends of the 14 atypical L chondrites (including Air’s unique and possibly contaminated signature) and Mangwendi, an LL6 chondrite, indicate that each is compositionally unrepresentative of well-sampled, whole-rock chondrites. Indeed, half of the unrepresentative chondrites were ≤ 2-g samples. Compositionally, members of the putative L/LL chondrites demonstrate no affinities to normal LL chondrite falls. To establish compositional trends accompanying open-system, thermal episodes involving the L chondrite parent(s), we should ignore data for the 14 unrepresentative L chondrites reported here.

CuS nanoflowers with a specific surface area of 18.8 m2/g were prepared through a rapid polyol route at 140 °C for 90 min, and characterized by XRD, SEM, UV–vis spectrum and BET surface area. The formation of CuS nanoflowers is proposed to experience an aggregation and growth process. The photocatalytic activity of CuS nanoflowers was investigated by decomposing Rhodamine B at atmosphere and the result shows that the photocatalytic activity under halogen lamp irradiation is comparable to that of Degussa P25 TiO2.

We have characterized the most phyllosilicate-rich members of the CM chondrite group. Based upon petrographic and compositional factors, we conclude that these particular meteorites have experienced pervasive aqueous alteration far beyond that witnessed by typical CMs. The lack of anhydrous silicates, CAI and (except as relicts) chondrules merits the classification of type CMI for three meteorites (EET 83334, ALH 88045, and one Kaidun lithology). Still other CMs, notably ALH 83100, EET 90047, and Yamato 82042, are clearly intermediate between types 1 and 2. Brecciated CM chondrites like Cold Bokkeveld contain all of these varied lithologies. The CM chondrites thus exhibit the complete petrologic range from 2 through 1. Our results show that progressive aqueous alteration on the parent CM asteroid(s) was, locally, accompanied by significant increases in temperature (to a peak of ∼450°C for the Kaidun lithology), fO2, and (locally) degree of chemical leaching, all well beyond the conditions recorded by typical CM2s. The most altered CMs also are commonly deformed, displaying a distinct lineation probably due to static rather than dynamic forces.

Four complexes, Ln2(C6H5SO2)6(H2O)3 · 2.25H2O (C6H5SO2 = 2-thiopheneacetic acid, Ln = Ce (1), Pr (2), Nd (3), Sm (4)), have been synthesized with hydrothermal route. The X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that they are characterized by the 1D structure and fluorescence studies show they display interesting luminescent properties in solid state.

Early and effective platelet inhibition is necessary in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The AntiPlatelet Effect of different Loading dOse of Ticagrelor (APELOT) study evaluated the inhibition of platelet

The present status of chemistry operations of PRIME Lab, Purdue's Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility, is reviewed. The capabilities and performance of sample preparation for the three nuclides 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl in a variety of different sample types are found to be adequate for the current performance figures of the AMS facility. Standard materials prepared and in use at PRIME Lab are described. Future plans are directed toward standardization and automation of analytical techniques as well as the addition of the nuclides 14C, 41Ca, and 129I.